Ama-algorithms Asizungezile, Kodwa Angathenjwa Ukusibusa?

I-“Algocracy,” “Government by algorithm,” noma “Algorithmic regulation” akuwona ncamashi umqondo ochazwe kahle noma ocacile. Nokho, singakufingqa kanje: ama-algorithms + ukubusa (imithetho noma imithetho yohlobo oluthile). Ngalo mqondo, singakhuluma nge-algocracy lapho uhlobo oluthile lwesistimu esekelwe ku-algorithm, kungaba inkontileka ehlakaniphile, i-Artificial Intelligence (AI), nanoma iyiphi enye, ilawula, ngokugcwele noma kancane, izinqubo zokuthatha izinqumo zenkundla ethile, iphrojekthi, ibhizinisi, noma isikhungo.

Ayifani neze ne-e-government (ohulumeni abasebenzisa amathuluzi edijithali), futhi ibeka isethi yayo yezinkinga ezingase zibe khona. I-algorithm ingaphezu nje kwesicelo sedijithali esilula; iyisethi ehlelekile yemiyalo enembayo eklanyelwe ukubhekana nezinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi—ngenkathi inamandla okudala emisha. Encwadini yenoveli ethi Daemon (2006) kaDaniel Suarez, ngokwesibonelo, singabona ukuthi i-algorithm iwuthatha kanjani umhlaba ngasese, ibulale nabantu, ngemva kokudlula komdali wayo.

Asikafinyeleli ezingeni elinjalo le-dystopian emhlabeni wethu, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi sakha indlela yakho. Ama-algorithms asetshenziswa abantu, izinkampani, kanye nohulumeni ukwenza izinqumo kakade. Futhi izinqumo ezibalulekile, ngaleso.

Ama-algorithms esenzweni

Uma ubulokhu uzibuza: yebo, ama-cryptocurrencies asebenza ngama-algorithms. Izinkontileka ezihlakaniphile zisebenza ngama-algorithms, futhi wonke amanethiwekhi we-crypto akhelwe kuma-algorithms. Basebenzisa le miyalo eyinkimbinkimbi, yezibalo ukuze bathathele indawo abantu ababizayo noma abangathembekile ekuqinisekiseni okwenziwayo. Ama-algorithms futhi asiza abantu ukuthi benze izinqumo ezijwayelekile mayelana nezinkundla zabo ngokubahlinzeka ngengqalasizinda ukuze bavote ( ukubusa kwe-on-chain kumanethiwekhi e-crypto). Lezi izibonelo ezimbalwa nje zalokho okwenziwa ama-algorithms, kodwa lokho kukude kakhulu nakho konke abakwenzayo.

Ngo-2017, amaphoyisa avela e-Durham (UK) ethule Ithuluzi Lokuhlola Ingozi Yokuhlola I-Harm Assessment Risk Tool (HART), uhlelo lwe-AI olubikezela ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi umsolwa enze iphutha. Ihlukanise abantu ngezigaba zobungozi, isiza ekunqumeni ukuthi bavalelwe noma bafanelekele ukuhlunyeleliswa. Izindlela ezifanayo zokubikezela zamaphoyisa, ngokuvamile ezinikwa amandla ukufunda komshini nokuhlaziywa kwedatha, zisetshenziswa e-US nase-China.

Amadolobha ahlakaniphile ahlinzeka ngolunye uhlelo lokusebenza lomhlaba wangempela lokubusa kwe-algorithmic. Ingqalasizinda esebenza nge-AI, efana nezibani zasemgwaqweni ezihlakaniphile nezinhlelo zethrafikhi ezizenzakalelayo, ithuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza. Amaphrojekthi afana nedolobha lekusasa elithi "The Line" eSaudi Arabia ahlela ukuhlanganisa i-AI ukuze uthole izinsiza ezisebenzayo. Ohulumeni baphinde bafake i-AI ekuthathweni kwezinqumo, kusukela ekucwaningweni kwentela okuzenzakalelayo kuya ekusebenziseni amamodeli aqagelayo ezinsizakalo zomphakathi. Amajaji e-AI, ahlolwe e-China nase-Estonia, angakwazi ukusingatha izingxabano zomthetho ezincane, kuyilapho ama-algorithms aqagelayo esiza ekugwetshweni kokwahlulela. Imfundo ibona okuzenzakalelayo okufanayo nezinkundla ezifana ne-Knewton, elungisa izinto zokufunda ngokusekelwe ekusebenzeni komfundi.

Amamodeli olimi afana ne-ChatGPT noma i-DeepSeek akhelwe phezu kwama-algorithms. I-Google Search isebenzisa ama-algorithms ukukala imiphumela. I-YouTube, i-Netflix, ne-Spotify zisebenzisa ama-algorithms ukuphakamisa okuqukethwe komuntu siqu, futhi i-Amazon ikwenza ukwenza ngendlela oyifisayo iziphakamiso zokuthenga. Ama-algorithms awusizo, futhi sesivele sizungezwe yiwo.

Dystopian Algorithms

Ama-algorithms akhulisa ukusebenza kahle futhi anciphise ukubamba iqhaza kwabantu, kodwa angaba yi-dystopian futhi. Okukodwa okukhathazayo okukhulu ukuthi yini Evgeny Morozov ebizwa ngokuthi “ucingo oluhlabayo olungabonakali”—uhlelo lapho ama-algorithms eqondisa ngobuqili ukukhetha, ekhawulela ukukhula kwengqondo nomphakathi ngaphandle kokuthi abantu bakuqaphele. Lawa masistimu ahlaziya idatha yomuntu siqu ukuze abikezele ukuziphatha, egudluzela abantu ezenzweni ezithile kuyilapho ekhawulela ukuchayeka kweminye imibono noma amathuba.

Njengoba imingcele ingacacile, abantu bacabanga ukuthi benza ngokukhululeka, nakuba izinketho zabo zikhethwe ngokucophelela ngamandla angabonakali. Lokhu kulawula okuthulile kungenza inkululeko ibe buthaka ngokunciphisa ukucabanga okujulile nokuqinisa imikhuba ekhona kakade esikhundleni sokugqugquzela izinqumo ezizimele. Ngamanye amazwi, abantu balandela ngokungenangqondo iziphakamiso ezivela ku-algorithm, bengazi ukuthi i-algorithm isebenza kanjani, bengazi ukuthi ingase isetshenziswe, kodwa besaba ukuthatha ezinye izindlela ezingabalimaza.

Ukufiphala yalezi zinhlelo zokuthatha izinqumo kungenye indaba esemqoka ngempela. Ama-algorithms amaningi asebenza njengamabhokisi amnyama, enza ukukhetha okubalulekile ngaphandle kwezincazelo ezicacile. Lokhu kungabikho kokubonisa ngale kuyingozi, ikakhulukazi uma ama-algorithms eqeqeshwa kudatha echemile. Uma i-algorithm ngokungazi ibonisa ukungalingani komlando, ingaqhubeza ukucwasa ngenkathi yethula izinqumo zayo njengezinjongo.

Isibonelo, amathuluzi okusebenza kwamaphoyisa abikezelayo agxekwe ngokukhomba ngokungafanele imiphakathi enganakiwe, futhi amasistimu okuthola amaphuzu esikweletu aqhutshwa yi-AI amise amaqembu athile ngokungalingani. Uma lawa mathuluzi abumba ukufinyelela kwezezimali, ukuqiniswa komthetho, nokuqashwa, izingozi zokuzenzela ezichemile ziba semqoka.

Omunye Umlando Omubi

Izibonelo zomhlaba wangempela zibonisa umonakalo ongadalwa yi-algorithms eklanywe kabi. Ngo-2018, uhulumeni waseDashi wathumela i- i-algorithmic system SyRI ukuhlonza abangaba abakhwabanisi bezenhlalakahle, ukuhlaba umkhosi izinkulungwane zabantu ukuze ziphenywe ngaphandle kwezizathu ezicacile. Ukuhlehla komphakathi kwaholela ekutheni lolu hlelo luvalwe ngo-2020 ngokwephula amalungelo abantu.

Ngokufanayo, ngo-2021 e-US, isofthiwe ye-ATLAS yasetshenziswa ukuhlola izicelo zokuthuthela kwelinye izwe, idonsela ukugxekwa ngezinqumo zayo ezingacacile nezingase zibe nokucwasa, kanye nomgomo wayo wokugcina wokukhipha izakhamuzi denaturalize. E-UK, i-algorithm amabanga ezivivinyo zabafundi abelwe ngo-2020, kuthanda labo abavela ezikoleni ezicebile ngenkathi bejezisa abanye. Imibhikisho esabalele yaphoqa uhulumeni ukuthi ahlehlise isinqumo, ekhombisa ukuthi ukulawulwa kwe-algorithmic okungahloliwe kungaba nomthelela kanjani ezimpilweni.

Nakuba ama-algorithms angenza kube lula ukwenza izinqumo, ukusebenzisa kabi kwawo kungagxilisa izinkinga zesistimu, kukhawulele inkululeko, futhi kuqede ukwethembana. Ngaphandle kokubonisa izinto obala, ukuziphendulela, kanye nokwengamela kokuziphatha, ama-algorithms aphakathi nendawo asengozini yokuba amathuluzi okulawula kunokuba anikezwe amandla.

Ubulungiswa Obumisiwe

Kuze kube manje, okungenani, singasho ukuthi ama-algorithms anonya kakhulu avela emhlabeni omaphakathi. Kuhlala kuyinhlangano emaphakathi (inkampani noma uhulumeni) elawula yonke into ukuze kufinyelelwe izinhloso zayo ezingabazisayo, noma ixova izinto ngenxa yobudedengu nje. Ngenhlanhla yethu, ama-algorithms asengasetshenziselwa ukuthola inkululeko nobulungiswa, ikakhulukazi uma ehlukaniswa. Njengoba ungase uqagele, ama-algorithms amaningi e-crypto anomthombo ovulekile futhi ahlukaniswe, atholakala kuwo wonke umuntu ukuthi awahlole futhi awasebenzise. Futhi sesivele sinezinhlelo ezithile ze-algorithmic zobulungisa obunwetshiwe.

Isici esibalulekile ekubuseni okusabalalisiwe, isibonelo, iDecentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO), esebenza kusetshenziswa izinkontileka ezihlakaniphile—izivumelwano zokuzenzela. Ama-DAO avumela amalungu ukuthi abambe iqhaza ekuthathweni kwezinqumo ngokuvota, aqinisekise ukuthi ukulawula kusatshalaliswa phakathi kwabahlanganyeli esikhundleni sebhizinisi elimaphakathi. Lolu wuhlobo lokuphatha ochungechungeni, lapho imithetho nezinqumo zenziwa ngezinqubo eziqinisekiswe i-DLT, futhi kusiza ukugcina izinto obala nokuphepha ngenkathi kuvimbela ukukhohliswa ngabantu abanamandla noma izinhlangano.

Ubulungiswa obusabalalisiwe ihlose ukuxazulula izingxabano ngendlela efanele nangempumelelo ngenkathi igwema ubungozi bokulawula okumaphakathi. Izinkantolo zendabuko zithembele ekwahluleleni kwabantu, kodwa izinhlelo zobulungisa ezisabalalisiwe zisebenzisa izikhuthazo ze-crypto-economic ukuze ziqinisekise ukungakhethi. Abahlanganyeli bayaklonyeliswa ngokuhambisana nokuvumelana, okuthathwa njengokuthatha izinqumo ngendlela efanele. Le ndlela iqeda ukuthembela ekwethembeni futhi esikhundleni salokho isebenzisa ukukhuthaza ukuze kuqinisekiswe imiphumela efanele.

Ukwengeza, ubulungiswa obusabalalisiwe buklanyelwe ukuthi bubonakale, kube nemithetho kanye nezinqubo zokuthatha izinqumo ezitholakala ngokuvulelekile kunethiwekhi. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukubikezelwa, ukungaguquguquki, nokumelana nokuchema noma inkohlakalo.

I-Algocracy for Good

Inethiwekhi efanelekile ye-algorithmic yokwakha izinhlelo zobulungisa ezinobulungiswa I-Obyte , ubuchwepheshe beleja obuhlukaniselwe ngokuphelele (i-DLT) obususa abaxhumanisi abafana nabavukuzi “nabaqinisekisi” . I-Obyte iphinde inike amandla ukubusa kwe-on-chain, ivumela umphakathi wayo ukuthi wenze izinqumo ezibalulekile ngokuhlanganyela ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokuvota. Futhi isekela izinkontileka ezihlakaniphile, ezenza imisebenzi nezivumelwano ngokuzenzakalelayo ngaphandle kokudinga isiphathimandla esimaphakathi.

Ukwengeza, i-Obyte inikeza izivumelwano ne-arbitration , ukuvumela abathintekayo ukuba bahlanganyele ezivumelwaneni lapho izingxabano zingaxazululwa ngokusebenzisa hhayi kuphela izinkontileka ezihlakaniphile kodwa nabaxazululi abangochwepheshe abavela I-ArbStore . Lezi zici ziqinisekisa ukuthi okwenziwayo kanye nokuphatha kuhlala kusobala, kungenzeleli, futhi kumelana nokulawulwa kwangaphandle, kuqiniswa imigomo yokusatshalaliswa kombuso kukho kokubili ukuphatha kanye nobulungiswa. Kuphinde kube yisibonelo esihle sendlela yokusebenzisa i-algocracy ngokuhle!

Isithombe seVector esifakiwe nge-vector4stock / Freepik