Algorithms Yose Iratuzengurutse, ariko Birashobora kwizerwa kutuyobora?

“Algocracy,” “Guverinoma na algorithm,” cyangwa “Amabwiriza ya Algorithmic” ntabwo ari igitekerezo gisobanutse neza cyangwa gisobanutse. Ariko, turashobora kubivuga muri make gutya: algorithms + imiyoborere (amategeko cyangwa amategeko y'ubwoko runaka). Ni muri urwo rwego, dushobora kuvuga kuri algocracy mugihe ubwoko bumwe bwa sisitemu ishingiye kuri algorithm, yaba amasezerano yubwenge, Ubwenge bwa Artificial Intelligence (AI), cyangwa ikindi icyo aricyo cyose, igenzura, byuzuye cyangwa igice, inzira yo gufata ibyemezo kumurongo runaka, umushinga, imishinga, cyangwa ikigo.

Ntabwo ari kimwe na e-guverinoma (guverinoma ikoresha ibikoresho bya digitale), kandi itanga ibibazo byayo bwite. Algorithm irenze gusa porogaramu yoroshye ya digitale; ni urutonde rwamabwiriza asobanutse agenewe gukemura ibibazo bigoye - mugihe kandi afite ubushobozi bwo gukora bundi bushya. Nkurugero, mu gitabo Daemon (2006) cyanditswe na Daniel Suarez, turashobora kubona uburyo algorithm yigarurira isi rwihishwa, ndetse ikica abantu, uwayiremye amaze gupfa.

Ntabwo twageze kurwego rwa dystopiya kwisi yacu, ariko dushobora kuba twubaka inzira yabyo. Algorithms ikoreshwa nabantu ku giti cyabo, ibigo, na guverinoma kugirango bafate ibyemezo. Kandi ibyemezo byingenzi, kuri.

Algorithms mubikorwa

Niba waribajije: yego, cryptocurrencies ikorana na algorithms. Amasezerano yubwenge akorana na algorithms, kandi imiyoboro yose ya crypto yubatswe kuri algorithm. Bakoresha aya mabwiriza akomeye, y'imibare kugirango basimbuze abantu bahenze cyangwa batizerana muguhuza ibikorwa. Algorithms ifasha kandi abantu gufata ibyemezo rusange kubyerekeye urubuga rwabo babaha ibikorwa remezo byo gutora ( imiyoborere myiza mu miyoboro ya kode). Uru ni ingero ebyiri gusa zibyo algorithms ikora, ariko ibyo ni kure yibyo byose barimo.

Muri 2017, abapolisi baturutse i Durham (mu Bwongereza) berekanye ibikoresho bya Harm Assessment Risk Tool (HART), sisitemu ya AI ivuga ko bishoboka ko ukekwaho icyaha azagaruka. Yashyize abantu mu byiciro by’ibyago, ifasha kumenya niba bafunzwe cyangwa bemerewe gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe. Uburyo nkubwo bwo guhanura abapolisi, akenshi bukoreshwa no kwiga imashini no gusesengura amakuru, bikoreshwa muri Amerika n'Ubushinwa.

Imijyi yubwenge itanga ubundi buryo-nyabwo bwo gukoresha imiyoborere ya algorithmic. Ibikorwa remezo bikoreshwa na AI, nkamatara yumuhanda yubwenge hamwe na sisitemu yimodoka ikora, itezimbere imikoreshereze yumutungo. Imishinga nkumujyi wa futuristic “Umurongo” muri Arabiya Sawudite irateganya guhuza AI kubikorwa bya serivisi. Guverinoma kandi zirimo kwinjiza AI mu gufata ibyemezo, kuva mu kugenzura igenzura ry'imisoro kugeza gukoresha uburyo buteganijwe kuri serivisi rusange. Abacamanza ba AI, bageragejwe mu Bushinwa na Esitoniya, barashobora gukemura amakimbirane mato yemewe n'amategeko, mu gihe algorithms zahanuye zifasha mu guca imanza. Uburezi bubona automatike isa na platform nka Knewton, ihindura ibikoresho byo kwiga bishingiye kumikorere y'abanyeshuri.

Moderi yindimi nka ChatGPT cyangwa DeepSeek yubatswe kuri algorithms. Google Shakisha ikoresha algorithms kugirango ikurikirane ibisubizo. YouTube, Netflix, na Spotify koresha algorithms kugirango utange ibitekerezo byihariye, kandi Amazon irabikora kugirango ihindure ibyifuzo byubucuruzi. Algorithms ni ingirakamaro, kandi tumaze kuzenguruka.

Algorithms ya Dystopiya

Algorithms yongera imikorere kandi igabanya uruhare rwabantu, ariko irashobora no kuba dystopiya. Ikintu gihangayikishije cyane ni iki Evgeny Morozov yitwa "insinga itagaragara" - sisitemu aho algorithms iyobora mu buryo bwihishe guhitamo, igabanya iterambere ryubwenge n’imibereho abantu batabizi. Izi sisitemu zisesengura amakuru yihariye yo guhanura imyitwarire, kwerekera abantu kubikorwa runaka mugihe bigabanya guhura nibitekerezo cyangwa amahirwe.

Kubera ko inzitizi zidasobanutse neza, abantu bakeka ko bakora mu bwisanzure, nubwo amahitamo yabo yatunganijwe neza nimbaraga zitagaragara. Uku kugenzura gutuje kurashobora guca intege umudendezo mugabanya ibitekerezo binegura no gushimangira ingeso zahozeho aho gutsimbataza ibyemezo byigenga. Muyandi magambo, abantu batabishaka bakurikiza ibitekerezo bivuye kuri algorithm, batazi uko algorithm ikora, batazi ko ishobora gukoreshwa, ariko bagatinya gufata inzira zindi zishobora kubagirira nabi.

Ubusa muri ubu buryo bwo gufata ibyemezo nikindi kibazo cyingutu, mubyukuri. Algorithms nyinshi ikora nkibisanduku byirabura, guhitamo bikomeye nta bisobanuro bisobanutse. Uku kubura gukorera mu mucyo ni akaga, cyane cyane iyo algorithms yatojwe amakuru abogamye. Niba algorithm itabizi yerekana ubusumbane bwamateka, irashobora gukomeza ivangura mugihe itanga ibyemezo byayo nkintego.

Kurugero, ibikoresho bya polisi byahanuwe byamaganwe kubarenganya abaturage bahejejwe inyuma, kandi sisitemu yo gutanga inguzanyo ya AI itesha agaciro amatsinda amwe. Iyo ibi bikoresho bigira uburyo bwo kubona amafaranga, kubahiriza amategeko, nakazi, ingaruka zo kubogama zibogamye ziba ingirakamaro.

Amateka Mabi

Ingero zifatika-zerekana ububi bwateguwe nabi algorithms ishobora gutera. Muri 2018, guverinoma y'Ubuholandi yohereje sisitemu ya algorithmic SyRI kumenya abashobora gushuka imibereho, gushyira ibendera ryabantu ibihumbi kugirango bakore iperereza nta shingiro bifite. Kwamagana rubanda byatumye gahunda ihagarikwa muri 2020 kubera guhonyora uburenganzira bwa muntu.

Muri ubwo buryo, muri 2021 muri Amerika, software ya ATLAS Byakoreshejwe gusuzuma ibyifuzo by’abinjira n'abasohoka, kunenga kubera ibyemezo bidasobanutse kandi bishobora kuvangura, n'intego nyamukuru yo gutesha agaciro abaturage. Mu Bwongereza, algorithm yahawe amanota y'ibizamini by'abanyeshuri muri 2020, gutonesha abo mumashuri akize mugihe bahana abandi. Imyigaragambyo ikwirakwira yatumye guverinoma ihindura iki cyemezo, yerekana uburyo igenzura rya algorithmic ritagenzuwe rishobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima.

Mugihe algorithms ishobora koroshya gufata ibyemezo, imikoreshereze mibi irashobora gushira ibibazo kuri sisitemu, kugabanya umudendezo, no gutesha icyizere. Hatabayeho gukorera mu mucyo, kubazwa, no kugenzura imyitwarire, algorithms yibanze ishobora guhinduka ibikoresho byo kugenzura aho guha imbaraga.

Ubutabera bwegerejwe abaturage

Kugeza ubu, byibura, twavuga ko algorithms yigitugu ikomoka mwisi yunze ubumwe. Burigihe ni ishyaka rikuru (isosiyete cyangwa guverinoma) igenzura ibintu byose kugirango igere ku ntego zabo ziteye amakenga, cyangwa ibintu bivuruguta kubera uburangare gusa. Kubwamahirwe kuri twe, algorithms irashobora gukoreshwa kugirango tubone ubwisanzure nubutabera, cyane cyane iyo byegerejwe abaturage. Nkuko ushobora kuba ubitekereza, crypto algorithms nyinshi zifungura-isoko kandi zegerejwe abaturage, zirahari kubantu bose kugenzura no gukoresha. Kandi dusanzwe dufite sisitemu ya algorithmic yubutabera bwegerejwe abaturage.

Ikintu cyingenzi mu miyoborere yegerejwe abaturage, nkurugero, ni Ishirahamwe ryigenga ryegerejwe abaturage (DAO), rikora hakoreshejwe amasezerano yubwenge-amasezerano yo kwikorera wenyine. DAOs yemerera abanyamuryango kugira uruhare mu gufata ibyemezo binyuze mu gutora, bakemeza ko igenzura rigabanywa mu bitabiriye amahugurwa aho kuba ikigo rusange. Ubu ni ubwoko bwimiyoborere, aho amategeko nicyemezo bishyirwa mubikorwa binyuze muri DLT yagenzuwe, kandi bifasha kubungabunga umucyo numutekano mugihe hirindwa gukoreshwa nabantu bakomeye cyangwa imiryango ikomeye.

Ubutabera bwegerejwe abaturage igamije gukemura amakimbirane neza kandi neza mugihe twirinda ingaruka zo kugenzura hagati. Inkiko gakondo zishingiye ku manza z’abantu, ariko inzego z’ubutabera zegerejwe abaturage zikoresha uburyo bw’ubukungu kugira ngo zitabogama. Abitabiriye amahugurwa bahembwa kuba bahuje ubwumvikane, bufatwa ko ari gufata ibyemezo bikwiye. Ubu buryo bukuraho gushingira ku kwizerana ahubwo bukoresha uburyo bwo kwemeza ibisubizo gusa.

Byongeye kandi, ubutabera bwegerejwe abaturage bugenewe gukorera mu mucyo, hamwe n’amategeko hamwe n’ibikorwa byo gufata ibyemezo biboneka ku rubuga. Ibi byemeza guhanura, guhuzagurika, no kurwanya kubogama cyangwa ruswa.

Algocracy for good

Umuyoboro wa apt algorithmic wo kubaka ubutabera buboneye ni Obyte , tekinoroji yuzuye yo kwegereza ubuyobozi abaturage (DLT) ikuraho abahuza nkabacukuzi na "abemeza" . Obyte kandi ituma imiyoborere ikurikirana, yemerera abaturage bayo gufata ibyemezo byingenzi hamwe binyuze muburyo bwo gutora. Ifasha kandi amasezerano yubwenge, itangiza ibikorwa n'amasezerano bidasabye ubuyobozi bukuru.

Byongeye kandi, Obyte aratanga amasezerano n'ubukemurampaka , kwemerera ababuranyi kugirana amasezerano aho amakimbirane ashobora gukemurwa hakoreshejwe amasezerano yubwenge gusa ahubwo abakemurampaka babantu babigize umwuga kuva ArbStore . Ibi bice byemeza ko ibikorwa n’imiyoborere bikomeza gukorera mu mucyo, mu mucyo, no kurwanya igenzura ryo hanze, bishimangira amahame yo kwegereza ubuyobozi abaturage haba mu miyoborere n’ubutabera. Ninurugero rwiza rwuburyo bwo gukoresha algocracy ibyiza!

Ishusho Yerekana Ishusho ya vector4stock / Freepik