I-Ethereum yokunyuswa komda wegesi ecetywayo ijolise ekuphuculeni ubungakanani, imirhumo ephantsi yentengiselwano, kunye nokuvula amathuba amatsha e-dapps ngokwandisa umthamo womnatha. Nangona kunjalo, iphakamisa iingqwalaselo ezibalulekileyo malunga nokunikezelwa kwamagunya, iimfuno ze-hardware ye-validator, ukungafani kwe-MEV, kunye nefuthe kuzinzo lwenethiwekhi.

Intshayelelo

Uluntu lwase-Ethereum kutshanje luye lwaxubana neengxoxo malunga nokunyuka komda wegesi. Ingcamango yokunyusa umda wegesi ivakalelwa kukuba i-intuitive, njengoko ihambelana nemfuno yomsebenzisi yokugqithisa okuphezulu kwaye ibonisa ukukhula kwendalo komthamo womnatha ngexesha. Abaphandi abaninzi kunye namalungu oluntu baye babonisa inkxaso eqinile , bethetha ukuba u-Ethereum ulungele olu tshintsho kwaye linyathelo elifanelekileyo lokuphucula ngokuthe ngqo i-Ethereum scalability.

Esi sindululo sikwafumene impembelelo ebalulekileyo kuluntu ngokubanzi. Iiwebhusayithi ezifana ne-pumpthegas.org zenziwe luluntu ukuze zifundise iziseko zokunyuka komda wegesi, kunye nendlela abaqinisekisi abanokutshintsha ngayo i-node yabo. Enye iwebhusayithi, i-gaslimit.pics , ilandelela ngenkuthalo inkqubela yenkxaso ye-validator kumda ophezulu wegesi-ebonisa ukuba i-25% ye-Ethereum validators (ukususela ngo-Disemba 21, i-2024) sele ilungelelanise ulungelelwaniso lwabaxhasi babo ngokuthanda ukunyuka. Ukuba ngaphezu kwe-50% yabaqinisekisi bayavumelana ngokunyusa umda wegesi kunye nokuguqula ulungelelwaniso lwabaxhasi babo, umda wegesi we-Ethereum uya kuqala ukunyuka kwaye uhlale ngokuzinzileyo kwithagethi eyandisiweyo.

Ngokucacileyo, esi siphakamiso simele umahluko kwi-Ethereum's rollup-centric roadmap. Ngokungafaniyo nokuphuculwa kwe-scalability yamva nje njenge-EIP-4844 kunye ne-EIP-7691, egxile kwi-rollup scaling kunye ne-blob transactions, ukunyuka komda wegesi yindlela yokulinganisa i-L1.

Nangona oku kuye kwavuyisa ezinye iindawo zoluntu, kuye kwaphakamisa inkxalabo phakathi kwabaphandi malunga neengozi ezinokuthi zibe yingozi kwimilinganiselo ephambili ye-Ethereum yokusabalalisa kunye nokhuseleko. Abagxeki balumkisa ukuba ubukhulu bebhloko yecala elibi kakhulu linokunciphisa umaleko wokuvumelana kunye nokwandisa iimfuno ze-hardware ye-validator, ezinokusongela uzinzo lwenethiwekhi.

Eli nqaku livavanya imvelaphi yesindululo somda wegesi, impembelelo enokubakho, kunye nobugcisa kunye neengqwalasela ezithile ezixhasa iingxoxo eziqhubekayo.

Imbali emfutshane yeziphakamiso zokunyusa umda wegesi ye-Ethereum

Ingcamango yokwandisa umda wegesi ye-Ethereum ixoxwe ixesha elithile. Ngexesha le-Ethereum AMA ngoJanuwari 2024, uVitalik Buterin ucebise ukuba ukuphakamisa umda wegesi kwi-40M unokulungelelanisa noMthetho kaMoore, obonisa ukuphuculwa okuzinzile kwezakhono ze-hardware.

Ngokucacileyo, i-Ethereum ayizange ilungelelanise umda wayo wegesi ukususela ngo-Epreli 2021-ngaphezulu kweminyaka emithathu edlulileyo-nangona intuthuko ebalulekileyo ye-hardware ngeli xesha. Abaninzi ngoku bakholelwa ukuba lixesha lokuba i-Ethereum iphendule ngolu phuhliso.

Kutshanje, izindululo zigxile ekujoliswe kuko okunebhongo ngakumbi: ukuphinda kabini umda werhasi ukuya kuma-60M. Ngelixa oku kubonisa umtsi obalulekileyo kwaye kuvelise uchulumanco, kukwaphakamise inkxalabo malunga nemingcipheko enokubakho. I-60M ubukhulu becala ibonwa njengenjongo yexesha elide kunokuba ijolise kwangoko. NgoDisemba ka-2024, u-Toni Wahrstätter ucebise indlela elumke ngakumbi, ekhuthaza ukunyuka okunyukayo ukuya kwi-36M yegesi-ukunyuka kwe-20%-njengenyathelo lokuqala elikhuselekileyo.

Okwangoku, ukufikelela kwi-36M yerhasi kubonwa njengenyathelo lokuqala, kukho nakuphi na ukunyuka okuthe kratya okulindelweyo ukuba kulandele indlela ethe chu, inyathelo nenyathelo. Ukubeka iliso ngononophelo kwinethiwekhi kuya kuba yimfuneko ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba imilinganiselo ye-Ethereum yozinzo kunye nokusabalalisa amagunya agcinwe.

Ungatshintshwa njani umda wegesi yebhloko?

Umda wegesi yebhloko unokunyuswa ngokuthe ngcembe ngaphandle kokufuna ifolokhwe okanye utshintsho lomgaqo womnatha. Endaweni yoko, abaqinisekisi baguqula iinketho zabo zoqwalaselo, bevumela ukuhambelana ngasemva kunye nokuvumela uhlengahlengiso lwamaxesha, oluguquguqukayo olusekwe kwimvumelwano yoluntu.

Ngokuchasene nenkolelo ethandwayo, umda wegesi ye-Ethereum yebhloko ayilungiswanga kwi-30M. Umcebisi webhloko unokuyilungisa kancinci ngaphakathi kwemida ethile. Ngokukodwa, umda wegesi webhloko unokutshintsha ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1/1024 yomda wegesi webhloko yangaphambili. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umda wegesi webhloko yangoku i-30 yezigidi, inokunyuka ukuya kwi-30M + 30M X (1 / 1024) = 30,029,296 kwibhloko elandelayo.

Ikhowudi engezantsi ibonisa ukuziphatha okungagqibekanga kwe-Ethereum nodes kwi-geth client: ukuba umda wegesi omtsha webhlokhi uwela phakathi koluhlu olwamkelekileyo malunga nebhloko yomzali, iya kuthathwa njengefanelekileyo.

Ukuba abacebisi bebhloko abalandelelanayo bavuma ukuphakamisa umda, umda wegesi unokunyuka ngokuqhubekayo. Ngokomzekelo, ukufikelela kwinqanaba lokuqala le-36M-ukunyuka kwe-20%-kuya kuthatha malunga ne-log (1.2) / log (1025/1024) = iibhloko ze-187 = imizuzu ye-38, kwimeko efanelekileyo yokuthatha imvumelwano phakathi kwabaqinisekisi. Nje ukuba ngaphezulu kwe-50% yabaqinisekisi bevuma, ukunyuka kungenzeka ngokukhawuleza.

Zeziphi iziphumo esinokuzilindela ekunyuseni umyinge werhasi?

Masiqale ngezinye iziphumo ezinokuqikelelwa ngakumbi zokunyuka komda wegesi. Ukunyuka komthamo webhloko kuya kwenza kube lula ukuphatha iimfuno zangoku ze-blockchain, ezikhokelela kwimirhumo ephantsi yegesi.

Ngexesha elifutshane, oku kuncipha kwimirhumo yegesi kunokubangela ukuba i-ETH encinci itshiswe phantsi kwendlela ye-EIP-1559 , ukwandisa okwethutyana ukukhutshwa kwe-Ethereum. Umkhwa ofanayo wabonwa emva kwe-EIP-4844, xa kuncitshiswa kakhulu ukufumaneka kwedatha (DA) iifizi ze-rollups zakhokelela ekutshiseni kwe-ETH. Isiphumo esifanayo sinokuthi senzeke ngokunyuka komda wegesi, ngakumbi ukufaka isandla kwixesha elifutshane lokunyuka kwamaxabiso.

Ngexesha elide, nangona kunjalo, imirhumo ephantsi inokuthi ikhuthaze umsebenzi wenethiwekhi ephezulu, njengoko abasebenzisi abaninzi banokufikelela kwintengiselwano. Lo msebenzi wanda unokuqhuba umphumo wenethiwekhi ye-Ethereum, ukutsala ii-DApps ezininzi kunye nokukhuthaza ukwamkelwa okubanzi. Njengoko i-Ethereum ibandakanyeka ngakumbi kwizicelo ezinikezelweyo kunye neenkqubo zemali, i-ETH inokuthi isetyenziswe rhoqo njengemali. Ukusetyenziswa okuphezulu kwe-ETH okunesiphumo kunokuthi, kwakhona, kukhulise ukukhula okuthe kratya kumsebenzi wothungelwano, ukudala i-feedback loop efanelekileyo ye-ecosystem ye-Ethereum.

Ukwakha ii-dapps ezintsha kunokwenzeka emva kokunyuka kwegesi

Ngaphaya komrhumo ocuthiweyo werhasi kunye nokuhamba kwentengiselwano okuphuculweyo, ukonyusa umda wegesi kwibhloko enye kunokuvula amathuba amatsha ngokupheleleyo. Nangona ukunyuka okuphakathi ukuya kwi-36M kungenakukhokelela ekutshintsheni okubalulekileyo, ukunyuka okukhulu kwi-60M kunokuvumela iintlobo ezintsha ze-dapps kunye neentengiselwano eziye zanyanzeliswa ngaphambili ngumda wegesi we-30M. Imisebenzi ethile, ephantse izalise okanye idlule i-gas cap yangoku ye-30M, inokwenziwa ngokufanelekileyo okanye ibe yinto enokwenzeka okokuqala emva kotshintsho.

Umzekelo, iitransekshini ezifuna irhasi eninzi, efana ne-NFT batch minting, i-airdrops yethokheni enkulu, okanye imisebenzi ye-DAO, ihlala isondela okanye igqithe kumda wangoku we-30M werhasi. Ezi ntengiselwano zidla ngokuqhekeka kwiibhloko ezininzi, ezikhokelela kukungasebenzi kakuhle, ukulibaziseka, kunye nokuxhaphazwa okunokwenzeka. Umzekelo okhethekileyo oboniswe kulo mzobo ungezantsi yi-NFT batch minting transaction, edla ngaphezulu kwe-28M yerhasi.

Ukwandisa umda wegesi yebhloko ukuya kwi-60M kuya kuvumela ukuba imisebenzi enjalo igqitywe ngaphakathi kwebhloko enye, ukuqinisekisa ukubulawa kwe-athomu. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umsebenzi uyaphumelela okanye uyasilela, kuthintelwa ukugqityezelwa okungaphelelanga kunye nokuqinisekisa ubulungisa kubathathi-nxaxheba ngelixa kuncitshiswa amathuba okukhohlisa.

Ngaphaya kokuphucula iimeko zokusetyenziswa ezikhoyo, umda werhasi ophezulu unokuvula indlela yee-DApps ezivelisa izinto ezintsha ezifuna ukusebenza okunzulu. Umzekelo, izicelo ze-AI ezikwi-chain-chain, ezifana noqeqesho lwemodeli encinci okanye i-inference, zinokusebenza kunye nemida ephezulu yegesi. Ngokufanayo, iikhontrakthi ezintsonkothileyo, ezinje ngemidlalo yekhonkco ngokupheleleyo okanye iindlela zolawulo ezintsonkothileyo, zinokuphumelela kwindawo enesakhono esiphezulu. Olu phuculo lunokwandisa ukusebenza kunye nokubhenela kwe-Ethereum, yenze inkqubo yendalo ibe nezinto ezininzi.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuphinda kabini umda werhasi kunokuba nenzuzo engaphezulu kolungelelwaniso, njengoko kuya kunciphisa ukuqhekeka kunye nokuvula amathuba amatsha ebekade engenzeki ngaphambili.

Kuthetha ukuthini ukonyusa umda werhasi kwi-trilemma ye-blockchain?

Ukwandisa umda wegesi ngokusisiseko ngumzamo wokuphucula ukuhla kwe-Ethereum. Kumxholo we -blockchain trilemma , ukufikelela kwi-scalability enkulu kudla ngokuza kwiindleko zokwabiwa kwamagunya okanye ukhuseleko. Yingakho isiphakamiso sokunyusa umda wegesi siye satsala ukungaqiniseki, kunye neenkxalabo ezinokuthi zikhokelela kwi-centralization ngokunyusa iimfuno ze-validator okanye ukuqinisa ukhuseleko ngokuthobisa ukuzinza komgca wokuvumelana.

Nangona kunjalo, abameli bamagqwetha bathi oku ayikokubeka esichengeni ukunatyiswa kwamagunya okanye ukhuseleko ukunyusa izinga. Endaweni yoko, bayibeka njengophuculo oluxhasayo ekusebenzeni kwehardware, njengoko kuchazwe ngumthetho kaMoore, ukwandisa umthamo opheleleyo we-blockchain. Kulo mbono, "i-triangle" ye-blockchain trilemma inokunyuswa, njengoko i-hardware yanamhlanje ivumela umthamo omkhulu ngokubanzi ngaphandle kokunciphisa iipropati eziphambili ze-Ethereum.

Ukuvavanya ukuba ngaba oku kunjalo ngokwenene, kubalulekile ukujonga ngononophelo iingozi ezinokubakho zokunyusa umda wegesi. Iingqwalaselo malunga nokwabelwa amagunya kunokubandakanya ukunyuka kweemfuno zehardware ye-validator, kunye nobugocigoci be-MEV (iXabiso eliNcinciweyo eliPhezulu) izicwangciso. Ngokubhekiselele kukhuseleko, kufuneka siqwalasele ubungakanani bebhlokhi eyongeziweyo, ixesha lokwenziwa kweentengiselwano, ezinokuchaphazela izinga leefolokhwe okanye kwiindawo zokubeka eziphosiweyo.

Ukunyuka komda wegesi kunye nobukhulu bebhloko

Ukwandisa umda wegesi kwibhloko enye ivumela ukuba kufakwe i-calldata engaphezulu, echaphazela ubungakanani bebhloko embi kakhulu. Okwangoku, ubukhulu bebhloko obuphezulu obunokufezekiswa ngokuzalisa ibhloko nge-calldata engenantsingiselo ijikeleze i-1.8MB , kunye namabhulobhu amathandathu, ubungakanani bedatha bebonke obusasazwa kwi-slot enye bunokufikelela kwi-2.58MB. Umda ophezulu wegesi unokwandisa le sayizi yebhloko embi kakhulu, enokuthi ikhokelele kwimiba kwi-peer-to-peer (P2P) umaleko osetyenziselwa i-network nodes ukunxibelelana.

Ubungakanani bebhloko yemeko embi kakhulu bunokuxinanisa abathengi bemvumelwano kuluhlu lweP2P. Xa umda werhasi ungaphezulu kwe-40M, eyona sayizi yebhloko yemeko embi kakhulu inokodlula imiqobo eyakhelwe kwindlela yokuziphatha yabathengi abangagqibekanga, ebangela ukuba abanye abathengi basilele ekucebiseni okanye ekusasazeni iibhloko ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kwenza ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukujongana nezi zithintelo phambi kokunyusa umda wegesi kakhulu.

Ngethemba, i-EIP-7623 inikeza isisombululo ngokulungelelanisa ixabiso le-calldata yokuthengiselana kokufumaneka kwedatha , enokunciphisa ubungakanani bebhloko embi kakhulu ukusuka kwi-2.58MB ukuya malunga ne-1.2MB. Ukwamkela i-EIP-7623 kuya kuba yimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwemvumelwano nakuphi na ukunyuka komda werhasi ozayo kwixesha elizayo.

Ngokunjalo, eyona sayizi yebhloko-ubungakanani beebhloko ezihlala zizaliswe yidatha yentengiselwano-ihambelana nokuba nokwenzeka kweendawo zokubeka ngokutsha okanye eziphosiweyo. Ukuhlalutya idatha ye-slot (#9526972 ukuya ku- #10351782) ityhila ukuba kwiibhloko ezincinci, kukho umehluko omncinci ekusasazeni ubungakanani bebhloko phakathi kweendawo zokubeka ezifakiwe kunye neendawo zokubeka ngokutsha / eziphosiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko iibhloko zikhula zibe nkulu (umzekelo, ngaphezulu kwe-0.25MB), ukubakho kwee-reorgs okanye iindawo zokubeka eziphosiweyo ziyenyuka.

Olu lungelelwaniso lunokuvela kwizinto ezifana nexesha elongeziweyo lokwenziwa kwentengiselwano okanye indlela yokuziphatha engagqibekanga ye-P2P, endaweni yobungakanani bebhloko yodwa. Ngelixa ubudlelwane obujongiweyo buqaqambisa ubungozi obunokubakhona, abuzinzi iicausality.

Isishwankathelo, ngelixa ukonyuka kobungakanani bebhloko kunokuchaphazela uzinzo lwe-slot, eyona nto imbi kakhulu ubungakanani bebhloko bubaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukomelela kwe-P2P. Ukunyuswa komda werhasi kwixesha elizayo kufuneka kukhatshwe lutshintsho olufana nolo lucetywayo kwi -EIP-7623 ukunciphisa le mingcipheko ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukunyuka komda wegesi kunye nexesha lokuphumeza

Ekubeni ukunyuka komda wegesi kuvumela ukuthengiselana okungakumbi ukuba kufakwe kwibhloko, ixesha lokwenziwa kweentengiselwano liya kwanda. Ingaba ukunyuka kuya kuba yinto ebalulekileyo okanye ayixhomekeke kwi-slots ephosiweyo okanye ephosiweyo, emele ukuzinza kwemvumelwano ngokubanzi.

Itshathi engezantsi ibonisa ukuba njengoko igesi eninzi isetyenziswa kwibhloko, ixesha lokubulawa livame ukwanda. Ukunyuka kwegesi ngama-20% kulindeleke ukuba kwandise kancinane amaxesha okubulawa, kodwa eyona mpembelelo inzima kunzima ukuyiqikelela. Ixesha lokwenziwa alisoloko lilingana ngokuthe ngqo nowona mda uphezulu werhasi okanye ukusetyenziswa kwerhasi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba senza uqikelelo olulondolozayo lokulinganisa ngokusekwe kwitshathi, ukwanda kwe-400-500ms ngexesha lokubulawa kubonakala kuqondakala.

Ngoku, makhe sihlolisise ubudlelwane phakathi kwexesha lokubulawa kunye neendawo zokubeka ifolokhwe okanye eziphosiweyo.

Ibhokisi ebomvu kumzobo wasekhohlo ibalaselisa ukuba iindawo zokubeka ezinamaxesha okubulala angaphezu kwe-4,000ms ziqhelene kakhulu nokuhlengahlengiswa okanye ukuphoswa xa kuthelekiswa neendawo zokubeka ezinamaxesha amafutshane okuphumeza. Ngelixa uninzi lweendawo zokubeka ngokutsha okanye eziphosiweyo zenzeka ngaphakathi kwe-1,000-3,000ms (ebonisa ulungelelwaniso olubuthathaka phakathi kwexesha lokubulawa kunye namathuba e-reorg kolu luhlu), iibhloko ezikwibhokisi ebomvu zibonisa ukubakho okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-reorgs xa amaxesha okwenziwa edlula i-4,000ms. Umzobo ochanekileyo uqinisekisa oku ngokubonisa ukuba iindawo zokubeka ezinamaxesha okubulala ngaphezu kwe-4,000ms zinezinga elihlengahlengisiweyo okanye eliphosiweyo ngaphezu kwamaxesha amathathu aphezulu kunalawo angaphantsi kwe-4,000ms, egxininisa impembelelo yamaxesha aphezulu kakhulu okusebenza kuzinzo.

Ngaba iimfuno zehardware ye-validator ziya kuchatshazelwa kukunyuka komda wegesi?

Enye yezona zinto zixhalabisayo kwii-validators xa ziphakamisa umda wegesi malunga nobukhulu bokugcinwa kwee-validator nodes zokusebenza. Ukususela ngoDisemba 2024, i-validator node ine-1.5 ~ 1.6 TB yokugcina yonke imbali kunye nombuso. Ukunyuka komda wegesi kuya kukhawulezisa ukukhula kwembali kunye nokukhula kombuso .

Ngo-2020 kunye no-2021, imfuno yokuqhuba i-validator node yayiyi-2TB SSD. Nangona kunjalo, xa imbali kunye nedatha yelizwe ibetha i-1.8TB, abaqinisekisi abasebenzisa i-2TB kufuneka bathathe indawo ye-SSD yabo kwi-4TB SSD. Nangona ixabiso le-4TB SSD ngoku kunye ne-2TB SSD iminyaka emi-3 edlulileyo iphantse yafana malunga ne-250 $, ukutshintshwa ngokwayo kuthetha iindleko zokugcinwa kunye nobunzima bobugcisa.

I-36M umda werhasi isenokungabi yingxaki enkulu apha. Kodwa ukuba umda wegesi unyuka ukuya kwi-60M okanye ngaphezulu, i-validator nodes iya kufuneka iqhubeke ithatha indawo ye-hardware yazo, ibeka iindleko zokugcinwa kwayo, isongela ipropati yokwabiwa kwamagunya.

Xa i-EIP-4444 yamkelwa-ijoliswe ekukhutshweni kwabaxhasi ngoMeyi 2025-ukukhula kwembali kunokuyeka, ukubonelela indawo yokunyuka kwegesi. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kwe-EIP-4444, ukukhula kwembali kunokuba yibhotile elandelayo ekunyuseni umda wegesi.

Uhlalutyo lokukhula kombuso nguStorm Slivkoff lubonisa ukuba ukukhula kombuso kukwayinto enokwenzeka, kodwa iireyithi zangoku-malunga ne-2.62 GiB ngenyanga-zilawuleka, kunye ne-hardware yanamhlanje ukukhula kokugcina iminyaka elishumi. Iimfuno zememori zikhula kunye nobukhulu belizwe, kwaye ukunyuswa komda wegesi ukuya kwi-60M kuya kukhawulezisa oku, okunokufuna i-2-4.7 GiB ye-RAM eyongezelelweyo ngonyaka. Ngelixa ukuseta i-RAM ye-64 ye-GiB ibonelela ngesithinteli esikhululekileyo okwangoku, ukukhula okuzinzileyo kunokwenza uphuculo rhoqo.

Uphuculo oluzayo olufana nokuzama kweVerkle kunye nokuphelelwa ngurhulumente kulindeleke ukuba kube lula lo mthwalo, kodwa ukubeka esweni ngononophelo kuhlala kubalulekile.

Kuthetha ukuthini ukonyuka komda wegesi kwi-MEV?

Enye into enokuchaphazela ukunatyiswa kwamagunya yimpembelelo yokunyuswa kwemida yerhasi kwi-MEV (iXabiso eliKhulu eliNcinciweyo eliPhezulu) kwimivuzo yabaqinisekisi. Njengoko i-MEV ikhule ibalasele, kuye kwavela iinkxalabo malunga nomahluko wengeniso phakathi kweengqinisiso ezinobunkunkqele zisebenzisa amacebo aphucukileyo e-MEV kunye nabancinci abancinci be-solo. Lo msantsa wengeniso unokwandisa uxinzelelo, njengoko abaqinisekisi abanezibonelelo ezininzi kunye nobuchule bongamele umvuzo. Ukujongana nale nto, iindlela ezifana ne-Proposer-Builder Separation (PBS) kunye ne-MEV Burn zixutyushwa ngenkuthalo ngaphakathi koluntu lwase-Ethereum, olujolise ukulinganisa ingeniso yokuqinisekisa.

Kwithiyori, ukunyuka komda wegesi kuvumela ukuthengiselana okungakumbi ukuba kufakwe kwibhloko enye, enokuthi ikhulise ukungafani kwengeniso enxulumene ne-MEV. Ngelixa i-MEV Boost iwuthomalalisile lo mba ngokwenza ukuba abaxhamli be-solo babambe isabelo semivuzo ye-MEV, idatha yomahluko wengeniso yokuqinisekisa ihlala ingangqinelani. Oku kubangelwa yimingeni ekuchazeni ukuthengiselana kwe-MEV kunye nokulandelela ngokuchanekileyo imivuzo, ngokukodwa kwiimeko ezinzima ezifana ne-cross-platform ye-MEV izicwangciso phakathi kotshintshiselwano oluphakathi (CEX) kunye nokutshintshwa kwe-decentralized (DEX) . Nangona kunjalo, ezi meko zinqabile, njengoko uninzi lwe-MEV luvela kwizicwangciso eziphezulu zebhloko.

Ngaphezu koko, umda ophezulu werhasi unokwenza amacebo e-MEV aphucuke ngakumbi kunye nemithombo yobutyebi. Ngelixa kunqabile, kukho iimeko ze-MEV bots ezenza intengiselwano enzima kakhulu edla phantse yonke umda wegesi yebhloko. Umzekelo, intengiselwano ye-bot esebenzisa igesi engaphezulu kwe-18M yabonwa, isenza utshintsho oluninzi kunye nemisebenzi yokungabikho kwemali kwibhloko enye. Njengoko umda wegesi ukhula, ezo zicwangciso zinokuthi zixhaphake ngakumbi, zinokwandisa i-gap phakathi kwee-validators eziyinkimbinkimbi kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba abancinci.

Ukuqukumbela

Ingxoxo malunga nokunyusa umda wegesi ye-Ethereum inika ithuba elivuyisayo lokuqhuba i-scalability, ukunciphisa iifizi zentengiselwano, kunye nokwenza ii-dapps ezintsha eziye zanyanzeliswa yimida yangoku. Ngelixa umda werhasi ephezulu unokuphucula ukwehla, imirhumo ephantsi yentengiselwano, kwaye unike amandla iintlobo ezintsha ze-dapps, ikwaphakamisa iinkxalabo ezibalulekileyo malunga nokwabela amagunya, iimfuno zokuqinisekisa, kunye nokuzinza kwenethiwekhi. Imiba efana nokukhula kwelizwe kunye nembali, ixesha lokwenziwa, kunye nokungafani kwe-MEV kugxininisa imfuneko yokuqwalaselwa ngononophelo kunye nokubeka esweni idatha yobungqina.

Ekugqibeleni, ukuphumelela kokunyuka kwegesi kuya kuxhomekeka kwikhono lika-Ethereum lokulinganisa ezi zorhwebo. Izisombululo ezifana ne -EIP-7623 , i-PBS (Ukwahlula i-Proposer-Builder), kunye ne -MEV Burn ibonisa indlela esebenzayo yenethiwekhi yokujongana neengozi ezinokubakho. Ngokuphunyezwa okucingayo, umda ophezulu wegesi unamandla okuvula isigaba esilandelayo sokukhula kwe-Ethereum.

Inguqulelo yeli nqaku yaqala yapapashwa apha .