Esikhaleni, Akekho Owazi Ubani Umnikazi Wombono

Ubani phakathi kwethu ongazange adabuke lapho sibona ukuthi amaphupho ethu ebuntwaneni awasabalulekile? Ukunqoba indawo eseduze akuzuzisi. Ukunqoba indawo ejulile akunakwenzeka.

Nokho, iziqalo ezihlobene nokudayiswa kwe-orbit yomhlaba ziphila futhi ziphindaphindeke. Bakholelwa eqinisweni lokuthi isintu sizozama ngandlela thile ukuze sidlulele ngaphesheya koMhlaba nokuthi abameleli bayo abangcono kakhulu bazovuma ukukhokhela isipiliyoni sokuba ngaphezu kwale mingcele.

Isibonelo, i-Orbital Assembly Corporation evela e-US Sacramento yamemezela inhloso yayo yokuvula i- Ihhotela lokuqala e-orbit yezivakashi zasemkhathini ngo-2027 . I-Voyager Station izoba yindawo yokungcebeleka kanokusho yezivakashi ezingama-280 kanye nabasebenzi abangu-112 abazoletha izivakashi. Kuzoba nendawo yokudlela, indawo yokucima ukoma, ithiyetha yamamuvi, ihholo lekhonsathi, nendawo yokuzivocavoca.

Mhlawumbe nawe, mfundi othandekayo, ungase ufune ukuhileleka kubuchwepheshe obuhlobene nesikhala kanye/noma ibhizinisi. Uma kunjalo, khumbula ukuvikela impahla yakho yengqondo. Okusunguliwe kuvame ukuvikelwa ngamalungelo obunikazi - kodwa asungulelwa uMhlaba. Ukuhamba ngale koMhlaba kuletha ama-nuances angalindelekile angokomthetho azodinga ukucatshangelwa.

Isikhala Sinuka Njengemali

Ukuvakasha komkhathi ngokuqinisekile akuyona ukuphela kwendawo yokuhlola indawo. UMcKinsey uyalinganisela umthamo womnotho wasemkhathini womhlaba ku-$630 billion ngo-2023 futhi ubikezela u-$1.8 trillion ngo-2035. Abahlaziyi babo bahlukanisa bonke ubuchwepheshe be-space "kuzinhlelo zokusebenza eziyisisekelo" kanye "nokufinyelela izinhlelo zokusebenza". Okokuqala kufaka phakathi, isibonelo, yonke into okwakhiwa kuyo amasathelayithi, izinhlelo zokuqalisa, kanye nezinhlelo zokuzulazula zohlobo lwe-GPS. Okwesibili yizinhlelo zokusebenza ezivumela izinkampani “zasemhlabeni” ukuthi zenze imali. Isibonelo, ama-algorithms kuhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Uber ahlanganisa amasiginali wesathelayithi nedatha evela ocingweni ngokwalo ukuhlela imizila nokuxhuma abashayeli nabagibeli.

Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bendawo eseduze nebhizinisi kuphakamisa imibuzo eminingi. Kuhlanganisa nezomthetho. Kubandakanya emkhakheni wokuvikelwa kwamalungelo empahla. Okokuqala, ubunikazi bezinto ezisunguliwe.

I-Patent iyinto yendawo ngokwemvelo. Ilungelo lobunikazi elitholwe endaweni ethile ayimvikeli umsunguli kwesinye isifunda.

Emkhathini, imingcele yezindawo ifiphalisiwe. Izimiso ezijwayelekile zokusebenzisana phakathi kwezifunda ezingaphandle kweplanethi zibekwe idokhumenti ka-1972 ebizwa ngokuthi Isivumelwano se-Outer Space (OST) . Ngokugcwele, igama laso lithi “Isivumelwano Sezimiso Ezibusa Imisebenzi Yezizwe Ekuhloleni Nokusetshenziswa Kwendawo Engaphandle, okuhlanganisa Inyanga Nezinye Izindikimba Zasemkhathini”. Kuyisisekelo somthetho wasemkhathini. Yasayinwa ngo-1972 yi-USSR, i-US, ne-UK, namanye amazwe angu-110 ajoyina ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Lesi sivumelwano, kanye nengqungquthela yangonyaka ofanayo, sibophe amandla ezinto zasemkhathini kuhulumeni owazethula. Kodwa kwasheshe kwacaca ukuthi kwakungelula kangako:

1. Zombili izivumelwano azizange zibhekane nezindaba zempahla yengqondo nganoma iyiphi indlela.
2. Amaphrojekthi omkhathi avame ukutholwa yizifundazwe ezimbalwa.

Ngenxa yalokho, akucaci ukuthi ubani ophethe futhi ovikela amalungelo alokhu noma leyo nto yendawo.

I-Space Tech Patents: Umthetho Ongalungile

Ngo-1974, kwamukelwa iSivumelwano Sokubhaliswa. Kwase kubekiwe lapho ukuthi izinto ezethulwa emkhathini zibangelwa amandla ombuso ahlinzeka ngokuqondile ukwethulwa. Ngenxa yalokho, uma izwe A lethula isathelayithi evela endaweni kanye nesikhumulo semikhumbi-mkhathi sezwe B, kwakufanele ngandlela thize banqume ukuthi iyiphi isathelayithi. Ngakho, kungokwakho kokubili.

Ngakho-ke, uma isathelayithi noma enye into eyethulwe endaweni yezwe B yephula amanye amalungelo obunikazi abhaliswe kuleli zwe, lokhu kwephula kungase kurekhodwe. Kodwa-ke, uma isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obunelungelo lobunikazi ndawana thize kodwa hhayi ezweni B, kwakukhona indawo emhlophe esemthethweni, futhi zazingekho izizathu zokuvikela amalungelo omnikazi welungelo lobunikazi.\

Ngo-1990, i-US yazama ukunweba imingcele yayo emkhathini ngokuphathelene nokuvikelwa kwempahla yengqondo futhi yaphasisa uMthetho Welungelo Lobunikazi Wase-US (USC §105).

Ngokwalo Mthetho, “okusunguliwe okwenziwe, okusetshenzisiwe, noma okudayiswe entweni yasemkhathini engaphansi kwamandla noma ukulawulwa kwe-United States (noma ingxenye yayo) kuyothathwa ngokuthi yenziwe, yasetshenziswa, noma yathengiswa e-United States. ” Ngeshwa (kubasunguli base-US), lo mbhalo usebenza emazweni anesivumelwano esikhethekile sokwenza kanjalo ne-United States.

Abameli bomthetho welungelo lobunikazi bavele bancome ukuthi abadali bobuchwepheshe obuhlobene nomkhathi babanikeze igunya ngokuhlukene kuwo wonke amazwe angama-72 asayine Isivumelwano Sokubhalisa esishiwo ngenhla. Yiqiniso, lokhu kudla isikhathi futhi kuyabiza.

I-Space Tech Patents: Ama-nuances acashile

Ongoti bathi kuzoba lula ukuvikela amalungelo kubabhali bezinto ezisunguliwe ezibandakanya ukukhiqiza izingxenye eziqanjiwe zokusungulwa noma konke okusunguliwe eMhlabeni. Okusunguliwe kuxhumene nendawo efanele uma umkhiqizo uxhumene nezwe elithile.

Kodwa-ke, ilungelo lobunikazi lingachaza into esunguliwe ngendlela yokuthi kuvikelwe kuphela ukusetshenziswa kokusungulwayo, kodwa hhayi inqubo yokuyenza. Kulesi simo, kungase kungabi khona ukubopha endaweni yokulawula yomkhiqizi. Isibonelo, uma usungula ubuchwepheshe bokukhipha into ethile enhlabathini yenyanga engasetshenziswa kuphela eNyangeni.

Isibonelo esifaneleka kakhulu sokusungulwa okusengozini njengamanje into engaphrintwa kuphrinta ye-3D ngaphandle komhlaba (e-orbit, eNyangeni, ku-Mars, njalonjalo). Inkampani ye-ICON, ngokwesibonelo, izophrinta kumamojula ezindlu zeNyanga kanye nazo zonke izindlu ezilungele ukuhlala hhayi nje osomkhathi kodwa futhi “nezakhamuzi” zamakoloni.

Futhi i-ICON patent, okokuqala, iphrinta ngokwayo. Bakhe umshini oye waxazulula izinkinga ezintathu zamamojula wokunyathelisa emkhathini. Iphrinta ingakwazi ukumelana nokwehluka kwezinga lokushisa kwenyanga ukusuka ku-plus kuya ku-minus hundred degrees Celsius, ayisindi ukuze unganyakazi isisindo esiningi, futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu - ingaphrinta izingxenye ezinobukhulu obukhulu kunayo. Ngokuvamile, isikali sezingxenye zephrinta silingana nesikali somklamo owenziwayo.

Ngakho, yini okufanele yenziwe umuntu oye wakha ubuchwepheshe obusebenzayo ekuhloleni indawo, osungula umshini noma enye into esunguliwe, futhi alindele ngokufanelekile ukuvuna izithelo zomsebenzi wakhe?

Vele Patent It!

Ababhali be-IP Watchdog batusa izinyathelo ezintathu ezilula:

• I-Patent yokusungulwa e-US
• I-Patent yokusungulwa e-China
• Thola i-European Union Unitary Patent

Ngenxa yalokho:

• Okusunguliwe kuzovikelwa endaweni yase-United States (futhi lena akuyona nje indawo yezwe kodwa futhi nezinto ezingezalo emkhathini)
• I-Patent izosebenza emazweni ayi-17 agunyaze iSivumelwano se-European Unitary Patent (noma kunjalo, njengoba ochwepheshe bebhala, umuntu angathembela ekuvikelweni kwaleli lungelo lobunikazi kuwo wonke amazwe angama-39 aseYurophu, ambozwe amandla e-European Patent Office. , EPO)
• Futhi, kunjalo, i-patent yaseShayina izosebenza e-China

Cishe bonke ochwepheshe abakhulume ngalesi sihloko beluleka umsunguli ukuthi akhuthale ngangokunokwenzeka futhi avikele amalungelo akhe ngaphandle kokulinda ubungozi bokwephulwa komthetho. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi izihlahla zama-apula zizoqhakaza ku-Mars esikhathini sethu sokuphila, kodwa ukuthengiswa kwendawo kuyathuthuka futhi kuzosheshisa (kanye nokuhlola kwayo kwesayensi). Ngakho-ke, uma usebenza ngobuchwepheshe obufanele, qala ukubonisana nabameli kusengaphambili.