Ababhali:
(1) I-UTKUCAN BALCI, iNyuvesi yase-Binghamton, e-United States;
(2) U-MICHAEL SIRIVIANOS, Cyprus University of Technology, Cyprus;
(3) UJEREMY BLACKBURN, Inyuvesi yase-Binghamton, e-United States.
Ithebula Lezixhumanisi
2 Isendlalelo kanye Nomsebenzi Ohlobene
3.1 Ukuhlonza ama-Tankie Subreddits
3.2 Ukuhlonza I-Ideology Subreddits kanye 3.3 Nokuqoqwa Kweposi
4 Ukuhlaziywa Kwesisekelo Somsebenzisi kanye 4.1 Nokwakhiwa Kwegrafu Nokutholwa Komphakathi
4.3 Ukufuduka Kwabasebenzisi Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
5 Ukuhlaziywa kokuqukethwe kanye 5.1 Ngabe amathangi akhuluma ngani?
5.2 Bakhuluma ngobani amathangi?
5.3 Ukuhlaziywa Kokungalungi kahle
6 Izingxoxo & Isiphetho kanye 6.1 Imikhawulo
6.2 Imithelela nomsebenzi wesikhathi esizayo, kanye Nezinkomba
Iqhaza lezinkundla zokuxhumana ekusabalaleni nasekuguqukeni kwe-extremism igxile ekucwaningweni okujulile. Ontamolukhuni baku-inthanethi babambe iqhaza ekusabalaleni kwenzondo eku-inthanethi, ulwazi olungalungile/ukungahloniphi, nodlame lomhlaba wangempela. Kodwa-ke, iningi elimangalisayo lomsebenzi okhona ugxile ku-extremism yakwesokudla. Kuleli phepha, senza ucwaningo lwalo lokuqala olukhulu, oluqhutshwa yidatha lokuhlola ukushisekela kwesokunxele. Sigxila “kumathangi,” umphakathi ophiko lwesokunxele owaqala ukuvela ngeminyaka yawo-1950 usekela izenzo eziqinile ze-USSR futhi usuthuthuke ukuze usekele lokho abakubiza ngokuthi “amazwe akhona ezenhlalakahle,” isb, i-CCP iphethe i-China, i-USSR, amazwe angaphambili aseSoviet, kanye neNyakatho Korea. Siqoqa okuthunyelwe okungu-1.3M kubabhali abangu-53K abavela ku-tankies subreddits, futhi sihlola indawo yama-tankies phakathi komphakathi obanzi kwesokunxele ku-Reddit. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, sithola ukuthi ama-tankies atholakala ngokusobala emaphethelweni omphakathi omkhulu ongakwesokunxele. Uma sihlola okuqukethwe kokuthunyelwe, sithola ukungaboni ngaso linye kanye ne-conceptual homomorphisms eqinisekisa incazelo yama-tanies emsebenzini wetiyori. Siphinde sithole ukuthi ama-tankies agxila kakhulu emicimbini yezepolitiki yezinga likahulumeni kunezindaba zomphakathi uma kuqhathaniswa neminye imiphakathi ekude kwesokunxele. Okokugcina, sibonisa ukuthi ama-tankies abonisa ukuziphatha okufanayo okukhathazayo njengabashisekeli bephiko lesokudla, isb, ubuthi obuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa kanye nokusabela okuhleliwe emicimbini ephazamisayo.
1 ISINGENISO
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinkundla zokuxhumana ngabashisekeli kubhalwe kahle emaphephandabeni [4, 23, 108] futhi bekugxilwe kakhulu emphakathini wocwaningo [7, 46, 75]. Kodwa-ke, cishe yonke imisebenzi yakamuva iye yafunda abashisekeli be-rightwing. Lokhu kugxilisa ingqondo kungabangelwa izici ezimbalwa. Ukuthandwa okwandayo kocwaningo mayelana ne-populism, ngenxa yokwanda kokusabalala kwamaqembu abantu abaningi kanye nabaholi emhlabeni jikelele [106], kuholele ekwandiseni okukhulu kontamolukhuni ababonakala bephiko lwesokudla ku-inthanethi kanye nomthelela wabo omkhulu emphakathini. Ngaso leso sikhathi, kube nokukhula okuqhubekayo kwezinkulumo zezombusazwe eziveza amaqembu ezombusazwe ajwayelekile njengabashisekeli besobunxele, begxeka abakude kwesokunxele ngenxa yezenzo zobudlova (isb., ukusho ukuthi u-Antifa wahlela ukuvukela umbuso kaJanuwari 6 [15], esola abashisekeli abakude kwesokunxele ngokuhlela nokuhlela udlame ngemuva kokushona kukaGeorge [31] '. abashisekeli bophiko lwesokunxele ngokushisa imililo yehlathi e-Oregon [51])
Nakuba iningi lalezi zinkulumo zichithwa kalula njengeziwumbudane (isb., uMongameli uJoe Biden akahambisani nanoma iyiphi incazelo yokukude kwesokunxele esiyitholile ezincwadini), izici eziningi nokuziphatha esikuhlobanisa nokushisekela kwesokudla ku-inthanethi kusetshenziswe ngokomlando kontamolukhuni bephiko lesobunxele futhi. Isibonelo, ukusabalalisa ulwazi olungalungile kanye ne-disinformation oluvela emithonjeni engahloniphekile noma echema ngokweqile [122]. Naphezu komthelela wabashisekeli be-inthanethi abaphiko lwesokudla, inkulumo-ze yezombusazwe, kanye nomlando wodlame nezinxushunxushu okuthiwa zibangelwa abashisekeli abakude kwesokunxele, empeleni azikho izifundo zalabo abakude kwesokunxele ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, ingasaphathwa eyeqile kwesokunxele.
Kuleli phepha, sivala lesi sikhala ngokwenza izilinganiso zokuqala ezinkulu, eziqhutshwa yidatha ezikude kwesokunxele ezinkundleni zokuxhumana. Sigxila kakhulu emphakathini omkhulu ophiko lwesokunxele owaziwa ngokuthi ngama-tankies. Ngokomlando, amathangi ayengabasekeli bezenzo zeSoviet eziqinile [43]; uStalinist kakhulu kunoLeninist. Igama livela kumaSoviet esebenzisa amathangi ukubeka phansi izihlubuki empumalanga yeYurophu [34, 50, 94, 100, 105, 107]. Muva nje, ama-tankies akhule asekela izenzo ze-CCP e-China, izwe elikhona njengamanje le-socialist (AES). Ngokuphawulekayo, ukwesekwa kwabo kungadlulela ngalé kwamazwe e-AES, ngokuvamile ahambisana noma athethelela imibuso emelene ne-NATO, engeyona eyezenhlalo, ebusa ngokwentando yeningi, kuhlanganise nezenzo zaseRussia ezilawulwa uPutin [24, 35]. Kungakhathaliseki amaqhinga abo omlando, ama-tankies asanda kukhombisa ukuziphatha okufana nabashisekeli be-right-wing (isb, ukuphika ukubulawa kwabantu base-Uyghur [104]).
Njengoba saziswa ngezincwadi ezincane ezikhona kuma-tankies, siqale sakha isethi yama-tankie subreddits. Sibe sesilinganisa okuthunyelwe okungaphezulu kwe-1M kusuka kubabhali abangu-50K kudathasethi yethu kuzo zonke izimbazo ezihlukahlukene, okusinika umbono ohlukile wokuthi amathangi abekwe kanjani phakathi komphakathi omkhulu ophiko lwesokunxele. Senza iqoqo lokuhlaziya inani eliveza ubudlelwano phakathi kwama-tankies, eminye imiphakathi ekude kwesokunxele, ama-leftists, feminists, kanye nonxiwankulu. Ngokwakha igrafu lapho ama-node eyi-subreddits futhi unqenqema lukhona lusuka kwesinye i-subreddit luye kwenye uma i-subreddit yokuqala ixhumeka kweyesibili kubha eseceleni, sihlonza ama-tankie subreddits angu-6 futhi sihlole ukuvelela kwawo kanye nokuxhumana phakathi kwenethiwekhi yesithenjwa engaphezu kuka-21 K subreddits. Bese siqhathanisa ukugqagqana komsebenzisi phakathi kwesethi yethu ekhonjiwe yama-subreddits emibono. Siphinde sibheke ukuthi amathangi aqhathaniseka kanjani nawo wonke amanye angakwesokunxele maqondana nesilulumagama sabo, izihloko abaxoxa ngazo, abaxoxa ngazo, kanye nobuthi bezingxoxo zabo. Okokugcina, sikala ukufuduka kwabasebenzisi phakathi kwemiphakathi yophiko lwesokunxele kanye nokusabela kwama-tankies kumcimbi wokudelela.
Iminikelo . Kafushane, leli phepha linikeza iminikelo eminingana. Okokuqala, sinikeza izilinganiso zokuqala ezinkulu zesokunxele ku-Reddit. Ngolwazi lwethu olungcono kakhulu, lo msebenzi uphinda umelele ucwaningo olukhulu kakhulu lwe-inthanethi kwesokunxele kuze kube manje. Okulandelayo, sikhomba futhi sibonise umphakathi we-tankie ku-Reddit. Ngokwazi kwethu okuhle, leli phepha lihlinzeka ngezimpawu zokuqala ezinjalo zama-tankies ezincwadini emikhakheni eminingi. Uma sibheka ukuma kwama-tankies phakathi kwenethiwekhi yethu ye-subreddits yemibono, sithola ukuthi empeleni asemaphethelweni akude kwesokunxele, futhi kufanele kubhekwe njengabashisekeli bophiko lwesokunxele. Siphinde sibonisa ukuthi amathangi ahlukile kwamanye akude kwesokunxele ngezindlela eziningi ezimangazayo. Isb, amathangi abonisa ukungalungi kahle kwamagama uma kuqhathaniswa neminye imiphakathi ekude kwesokunxele, abonisa ubuthi obuningi kuneminye imiphakathi ekude kwesokunxele, futhi abelane ngezixhumanisi eziningi ezivela ezindabeni zokubuyekeza. Siphinde sibonisa ukuthi amaphethini okufuduka kwabasebenzisi besuka kweminye imiphakathi ekude kwesokunxele baye emathangini ahambisana nama-tankies aba umphakathi wangakwesokunxele odume kakhulu ku-Reddit ngaphambi kokuvinjelwa. Okokugcina, sibonisa ukuthi impendulo yama-tankies ekususweni kwe-Reddit yayifana neyabashisekeli be-right-wing: bathuthela ngokuphelele endaweni entsha futhi bakhulisa ngokuqhathaniswa nokusebenzisa kwabo ulimi olunobuthi.
Leli phepha litholakala ku-arxiv ngaphansi kwelayisensi ye-CC BY 4.0 DEED.
