Ese DeepSeek y'Ubushinwa ishobora gusenya '' GPUs nyinshi, Imbaraga nyinshi '?

Nintangiriro ya 2025, kandi dushobora kuba tumaze kubona ibihe byo gusobanura AI nkuko twabimenye mumyaka mike ishize. Ese urutonde rwa "GPU nyinshi nizo ukeneye" rugiye guhinduka?

Mbega impinduka idasanzwe y'ibyabaye. Ubwa mbere, umushinga wa Stargate . Umushinga uhuriweho na OpenAI, SoftBank, Oracle, n’ikigo cy’ishoramari MGX ugamije gushora imari igera kuri miliyari 500 z’amadolari y’ibikorwa remezo bya AI muri Amerika muri 2029.

Intwaro, Microsoft, Nvidia, Oracle, na OpenAI n’abafatanyabikorwa b’ibanze ba mbere mu ikoranabuhanga mu cyiswe “umushinga wa Manhattan wo mu kinyejana cya 21”, babifashijwemo n’ubuyobozi bwa Amerika. Perezida Donald Trump yise “umushinga munini w’ibikorwa remezo bya AI mu mateka”.

Urutonde rw’abafatanyabikorwa b’ikoranabuhanga bakorera muri Amerika muri uyu mushinga n’ishoramari ryinshi mu byabaye ingamba zifatika kuri Amerika - Ibikorwa remezo bya AI kugira ngo babone ubuyobozi muri AI - nibyo bitera guhuza umushinga wa Manhattan.

Abakora chip ya AI bombi kurutonde - Arm na Nvidia - bayobowe nabayobozi bakuru ba Tayiwani. Ibyo biragaragara, urebye umubano wa Tayiwani ukomeje kugirana umubano n’Ubushinwa, ndetse n’uko umushinga wa Stargate ariwo uheruka mu murongo wa politiki iherutse gukorwa na Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika zigamije gushimangira ibikorwa remezo bya AI mu gihugu ndetse n’ubumenyi-mu gihe hashyirwaho imipaka ku isi yose , cyane cyane Ubushinwa.

Icyakora, nta na kimwe muri ibyo cyari gifite agaciro ku isoko, cyohereje imigabane ya Nvidia kuzamuka mu kindi gihe mu myaka mike ishize mu itangazwa ry'umushinga wa Stargate . Ariko ibyo byose byari mbere yo gusohora DeepSeek R1.

DeepSeek R1 nuburyo bushya bwo gufungura-isoko yo gutekereza, yasohotse nyuma yiminsi mike itangazwa ryumushinga wa Stargate. Iyi moderi yakozwe na AI yo mu Bushinwa yatangije DeepSeek, ivuga ko R1 ihuye cyangwa ikarenga ChatGPT o1 ya OpenAI ku bipimo byinshi by'ingenzi ariko ikora ku giciro gito.

Ikintu gitangaje kuri DeepSeek R1 ni uko yatejwe imbere mu Bushinwa, nubwo ibibujijwe byose kuri chip ya AI bigamije kubangamira ubushobozi bwo gutera imbere kuri AI. Bishatse kuvuga ko ubwenge busanzwe bwa OpenAI- na Amerika bushingiye kuri "GPU nyinshi aribyo ukeneye" muri AI bigiye kuzamurwa ?

AI chip, amafaranga, impano, hamwe nubuhanga

Ukuri nukuri, mugihe twateguye ikiganiro kuri chip ya AI hamwe na Chris Kachris muminsi mike ishize, yaba umushinga wa Stargate cyangwa DeepSeek R1 ntabwo wari wigeze uturika kuri AI. Nubwo tutigeze duteganya kumenya aya majyambere, twari tuzi ko chip ya AI ari ingingo ikwiye kwitabwaho, kandi Kachris ni imbere.

Byahindutse bimwe mumigenzo ya Orchestre Ibintu byose byo gusesengura chip ya AI no kwakira ubushishozi butangwa ninzobere muri urwo rwego, kandi ikiganiro na Kachris nigice gishya muri uyu muco.

Chris Kachris niwe washinze InAccel akaba n'umuyobozi mukuru. InAccel ifasha ibigo kwihutisha porogaramu ukoresheje ibyuma byihuta mu gicu byoroshye kuruta mbere hose. Ni n'umushakashatsi uvugwa cyane ufite uburambe bwimyaka irenga 20 kuri FPGAs hamwe nihuta ryibikoresho byo kwiga imashini, gutunganya imiyoboro no gutunganya amakuru.

InAccel imaze kugurwa na Intel , Kachris yasubiye mu bushakashatsi, kuri ubu akora nka Assistant Professor mu ishami ry’amashanyarazi n’ikoranabuhanga muri kaminuza ya West Attica.

Mugihe washyizeho umwanya wo kuganira naya makuru ajyanye n'igihe, ijambo rya Kachris ryatangije avuga ko guhanga udushya muri AI ari "siporo ihenze", niyo mpamvu bikunze kubaho mu nganda bitandukanye na za kaminuza. Muri icyo gihe ariko, yavuze ko ibikoresho bikenewe bitamanuka ku mafaranga gusa, ahubwo binasaba impano n’ubuhanga.

Kuri Kachris, politiki yo muri Amerika yagiye mu nzira nziza ukurikije intego yabo yo gutaha ubumenyi no gutuma igihugu cyihaza. Kubera ko afite ubwenegihugu bw’Uburayi, yahamagariye kandi Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba nk'izo, mu majwi menshi ahamagarira Umuryango w'ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kongera ingufu mu mukino wa GPU . Urebye uburyo intsinzi ya DeepSeek yagezweho, ariko, hari icyo yatwigisha?

Kwigira ku ntsinzi ya DeepSeek

Raporo ya “ Generative AI muri BRICS + Ibihugu ”, bitandukanye n’ibindi bihugu bya BRICS, Ubushinwa bukoresha amakarita y’ibishushanyo y’amahanga (binyuze mu gicu no mu bigo byayo bwite) hamwe n’amakarita y’ibanze yakozwe n’amasosiyete yo mu Bushinwa.

Kugeza ubu, mu Bushinwa hari ibigo birenga 10 biteza imbere amakarita y’ibishushanyo, kandi inzira yo kwimukira muri GPU yaho nyuma yo gukoresha NVIDIA ngo ntabwo bigoye ku masosiyete y’Abashinwa.

Birasa nkaho kugirango bakomeze guhatanira irushanwa rya AI, ibihugu bigomba kongera gusuzuma amahitamo yabyo, bishobora kuguza impapuro mubitabo by’Ubushinwa . Kachris yemeje ko Ubushinwa bugenda butera imbere cyane, bwabanje kwigana hanyuma bugateza imbere ubuhanga bushya.

“Barashobora kuvanga no guhuza. Barashobora guhuza verisiyo zitandukanye za GPUs nibindi bice bitunganya kugirango bakore amakuru akomeye cyangwa igicu. Ibi ni ingirakamaro cyane, cyane cyane niba utekereza ko kera, wagombaga kugura ibikoresho bishya buri myaka itatu cyangwa ine wenda.

Noneho udushya twihuta kuburyo hafi buri mwaka, ufite chip nyinshi kandi zikomeye hamwe na processor zikomeye. Nibyumvikana guta abitunganya bafite imyaka imwe cyangwa ibiri? Rwose rero, ugomba gushaka uburyo bwo gukoresha umutungo, kabone niyo yaba amoko atandukanye. Ibi byaba bihendutse cyane ”, Kachris.

Ikiguzi cya DeepSeek R1 cyo guhugura ni ingingo ikomeye yo gushyigikira ubu buryo. Usibye amahugurwa ku bikorwa remezo bitandukanye, inzira ya DeepSeek yarimo kugabanya umubare wuzuye, ubushobozi bwo gusoma-ibimenyetso byinshi, no gukoresha ubuhanga buvanze bwubuhanga.

Igisubizo ni ukugabanya ibiciro byamahugurwa kuva miriyoni 100 kugeza kuri miliyoni 5 z'amadolari no kugabanya ibikoresho bikenerwa kuva 100.000 GPU kugeza 2000 gusa, bigatuma iterambere rya AI rigera kumikino isanzwe ya GPU. Ikirenzeho, nubwo DeepSeek itari isoko 100% ifunguye - ibyo aribyo byose bivuze kuri LLMs - inzira yayo irashobora kwigana.

Imashini za AI hamwe nisoko ryisoko rya AI ni igice cyamahugurwa yuzuye ya Pragmatic AI.

Inyigisho hamwe na laboratoire. Umwiherero wose. Intebe ntarengwa cohort.

Kanda hano wiyandikishe mumahugurwa ya Pragmatic AI

Gusuzuma isoko rya chip chip

Igisubizo cyahise kuri aya makuru ni igiterane cyo kugurisha , imigabane ya Nvidia yagabanutseho 17% nyuma yamakuru . Isoko ryatangiye gukosora amasomo mugihe cyo kwandika, hamwe no kumanuka no kuzamuka bigenda bigaragara.

Ku ruhande rumwe, icyo DeepSeek yerekanye ni uko hari umwanya munini wo kunguka neza mu mahugurwa yo hejuru ya AI ikora, bigatesha agaciro ubwenge busanzwe. Ku rundi ruhande, ibyo ntibisobanura ko Nvidia atakiri umuyobozi , kandi dushobora kwizera ko tuzongera kubona paradox ya Jevon mu bikorwa .

Nvidia yakomeje umuvuduko wo guhanga udushya mu 2024 , itangaza kandi nyuma yo kohereza inyubako zayo za Blackwell iheruka, kwagura urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima no gutera intambwe nyinshi mu bijyanye n’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi. Kachris yagaragaje ko Nvidia itagurisha chip gusa, ahubwo bagiye mu buryo bwo guhuza uburyo bwa tekinoroji ya NVLink hamwe na chip zabo ku rubuga rwa DGX .

Ariko Nvidia GPUs ntabwo ari umukino wonyine mumujyi. AMD kuruhande rwayo yatangaje umuvuduko mushya wa AI, Instinct MI325X . Nkuko Kachris yabivuze, urutonde rwa MI300 rurakomeye cyane, rugizwe nibice byihariye byo kwihutisha impinduka - imyubakire yingenzi ya Moderi nini y'ururimi. Iterambere rya AMD bivugwa ko riterwa na data center nibicuruzwa bya AI .

Umubare munini wabantu nimiryango bazakoresha AI, ntabwo bubaka AI. Kuri bo, gukoresha cyangwa kubaka porogaramu za AI ntabwo mubyukuri ari ikibazo cyo guhugura icyitegererezo cyabo, ahubwo ni ugukoresha cyangwa guhuza neza icyitegererezo cyabanje gutozwa.

Kachris yahamagariye kandi iterambere rya Intel hamwe na Gaudi. Nubwo ubushobozi bukomeye bwa Gaudi 3, ariko, Intel isa nkaho iri inyuma mubijyanye nigabana ryisoko, ahanini biterwa na software . Muri icyo gihe, Intel irimo gukora ibikorwa byo kugurisha igice cyayo cya FPGA, Altera .

FPGAs, Kachris akomeza avuga ko, bidashobora kuba igisubizo cyiza cyane mu mahugurwa ya AI, ariko birumvikana cyane kubitekerezo, kandi aha niho hari umwanya uhagije wo guhatana no guhanga udushya. Nibyo rwose - kubaka software ikorana na FPGAs - InAccel yakoraga, niki cyatumye Intel igurwa.

Mubisanzwe, Kachris yashimangiye akamaro k'urwego rwa software. Umunsi urangiye, nubwo chip ifite imikorere isumba iyindi, niba bitoroshye gukoresha kubateza imbere ukoresheje porogaramu ya software, ibyo bigiye kubangamira kurerwa. Nvidia ikomeza inyungu zingenzi kurwego rwa software bitewe na CUDA igaragara hose , ikomeza gushora imari.

Inganda zisigaye, ziyobowe na Intel binyuze muri gahunda ya UXL Foundation / OneAPI , zirimo gukora ibishoboka ngo zifate. AMD ifite porogaramu yihariye - ROCm. Ariko gufata ntabwo bigiye kubaho ijoro ryose. Nkuko Kachris yabivuze, porogaramu ya software igomba gukora ikoresheje ibyuma bitarinze guhindura umurongo umwe wa code.

Nvidia iriyongera kubikorwa byayo hamwe na software hamwe nuburyo bushya bwa NIM bwasohotse , busa nkaho bwabonye ibyemezo . Amarushanwa nayo yibanda ku mwanzuro . Hano hari abanywanyi benshi nka Groq , Tenstorrent , GraphCore , Cerebras na SambaNova , bahatanira igice cy'isoko ry'isoko.

Impande: kwihuta no gukoresha ingufu

Mugihe DeepSeek nigaragaza cyane inyungu zo gutezimbere, ntabwo nayo yonyine. Kachris yagize uruhare mubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa no kugereranya kwihuta kwibyuma bya LLMs , hamwe nabenshi mubyerekeranye no gufata umwanzuro.

Inzira imwe yo kubigendaho ni ugukora ibi ukoresheje AI itanga API - mubisanzwe OpenAI cyangwa Anthropic. Kubindi bibazo bikomeye byo gukoresha, ariko, kubwimpamvu zijyanye no kwiherera, kubahiriza, inyungu zipiganwa, ibisabwa gusaba cyangwa ikiguzi, abakoresha amaherezo bazashaka gukoresha imiterere ya AI kubikorwa remezo byabo.

Ibyo birashobora kubamo urwego rwose rwibidukikije, uhereye kumurongo wambere hamwe nigicu cyihariye kugera kumpera nicyuma cyambaye ubusa. Cyane cyane hamwe na LLMs, hari nuburyo bwo kubikoresha hafi yimashini zibika . Twabajije Kachris niba yemera ko ibikorwa bya LLMs byaho / byumvikana.

Kachris yavuze ko umwanzuro ushobora gukorana n '“kugabanuka”, bita verisiyo ya moderi ya AI. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko na 1-bit ya moderi ari nziza . Kachris yerekanye ko nubwo hari ibikoresho byububiko bwihariye byabugenewe, uhereye kubisanzwe GPUs na FPGAs bitanga imikorere myiza, hamwe na FPGAs zikoresha ingufu.

Kujya imbere: guhanga udushya

Mugihe iterambere rizaza, Kachris yerekanye muri comptabilite yibuka nkahantu hagomba gukurikiranwa. Igitekerezo nyamukuru nukubasha guhuza ububiko no kubara kubice bimwe, bityo bikuraho gukenera kohereza amakuru kandi biganisha kumikorere myiza. Ibyo byatewe nuburyo urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima rukora, kandi rwitwa comptabilite.

Hariho uturere twinshi twiterambere ryibanze, nka chiplet , chip yihariye igenewe imiterere ya transformateur iha imbaraga LLMs , tekinoroji ya fotonike nindimi nshya zo gutangiza porogaramu za AI .

Ku bijyanye n’igihe gito kigufi cyangwa giciriritse, hamwe n’ikibazo cyo kumenya niba hari umwanya wo guhanga udushya mu isi yiganjemo Nvidia, Kachris yizera ko sisitemu yashyizwemo na Edge AI byerekana amahirwe ku bahanganye:

Ati: "Hariho ibisabwa bitandukanye nibisobanuro bitandukanye murwego rwa Edge AI. Ndibwira ko hari umwanya wo guhanga udushya muri Edge AI, urugero nko gusaba amashusho kubitaro, cyangwa gutwara ibinyabiziga byigenga.

Ntekereza ko bigiye kubaho. Reka tuvuge kuri GPU. NVIDIA rero nuyoboye muri GPU, ariko habuze GPU kubikoresho byambara. Twabonye isosiyete ikomeye, Tekereza Silicon , izamuka kandi iteza imbere GPU kabuhariwe kubitsinda ryiza cyangwa amasaha meza, hanyuma igurwa na Applied Materials .

Guhanga udushya bigiye kuba mu bice bito cyane ku masosiyete nka Nvidia cyangwa Intel, ariko bikaba byiza bihagije ku masosiyete mato ashobora gukora ibicuruzwa byihariye ”.