I-Byte Yezemfundo: Iyini Ibhamuza Lezomnotho Futhi Liyithinta Kanjani I-Crypto?

Ake siqale ngokuthi ukunquma inani “langempela” lempahla akulula, futhi imakethe yamahhala, eyakhiwe abantu abanombono ohlukile, ayisizi ngaso sonke isikhathi—ngezinye izikhathi, okuphambene kakhulu. Uma abantu abanele bekholelwa, nganoma yisiphi isizathu (esicatshangelwayo noma cha), ukuthi intengo yempahla ethile izoya enyangeni futhi iqale ukuthenga ngobuningi, khona-ke kungenzeka. Inkinga ifika lapho labo bantu sebeqala ukwethuka ngoba akwanele. Yileso sikhathi lapho siba namabhamuza ezomnotho.

Lolu hlobo “lwebhamuza” lwenzeka lapho intengo yento ethile, njengezindlu, izitoko, nanoma iyiphi enye impahla, ikhuphuka kakhulu kunenani layo 'langempela' ngenxa yokuthenga kakhulu, ngokuvamile okuholela ekulimaleni okungazelelwe . Njengokugcwalisa ibhaluni kuze kube, ngokunengqondo, liyaqhuma. Manje, ngisho noma kunzima ukunquma inani 'langempela' lento ethile, kunezinkomba zomqondo ovamile. Ngokwesibonelo, uyakholelwa yini ukuthi isibani esisodwa se-tulip (imbali, yebo) singathenga amahektha angu-12 omhlaba? Ngoba sekwenzekile.

(Ku)Amabhamuza Adumile Ezezimali

Amabhamuza ezomnotho kuvame ukuholela ezindabeni ezithokozisayo kodwa ezilimazayo zokuwa kwemakethe. Esinye sezibonelo zakuqala i-Dutch Tulip Mania yango-1637. ENetherlands, ama- tulip afiswa kakhulu, futhi amanani ama-bulb awo enyuka ngenxa yokuqagela. Amanye ama-bulb athengiswa ngentengo yezindawo nezindlu, kodwa ngo-February 1637, imakethe yawa cishe ngobusuku obubodwa, kwashiya abatshalizimali abaningi becwile. Lo mcimbi uyisibonelo sakudala sokuhlanya okuqagelayo kanye nemiphumela yako, nakuba umthelela wawo emnothweni obanzi wase-Dutch kusaxoxwa ngakho.

Isibonelo esiseduze kithi sonke yibhamuza le-dot-com lasekupheleni kwawo-1990. Lokhu kugxile ekwenyukeni okusheshayo kwezinkampani ezisekelwe ku-inthanethi . Abatshalizimali bathululele imali emabhizinisini ngenxa nje yokuthi ayebhalwe ngokuthi ".com," okuholela ezintengo zesitoko ezibiza ngokweqile. Ngo-2000, igwebu laqhuma lapho lezi zinkampani zehluleka ukuletha inzuzo, futhi inkomba ye-Nasdaq (imakethe yamasheya) yehla ngaphezu kuka-78%. Amafemu amaningi, njenge-Pets.com, aqothuka, nakuba amanye afana ne-Amazon ne-Google avela enamandla.

Kukhona amabhamuza aqatha kakhulu, nokho. Ibhamuza lezezindlu laseMelika ngeminyaka yawo-2000 kwaba yimbangela enkulu eyaholela enkingeni yezomnotho ka-2008. Njengoba amanani ezakhiwo ekhuphuka, amabhange anikeza izikweletu ze-subprime eziyingozi (imalimboleko kubaboleki abanesikweletu esibi). Lapho amanani entengo yasekhaya eqala ukwehla ngo-2007, ababoleki abaningi bahluleka, okwadala inkinga yezezimali eyaholela ekuwohlokeni okukhulu komnotho. Lokhu kuwa kwabangela ukuwa komnotho okusakazekile, izigidi zalahlekelwa amakhaya nemisebenzi yazo. Kuphinde kwagqugquzela imithetho eqinile yezezimali ukuze kuvinjelwe inhlekelele efanayo.

I-Cryptocurrency Bubbles

Othile uzozama ukukutshela ukuthi i-cryptocurrencies ingamabhamuza ezomnotho, kodwa lokho akulona iqiniso. Ziwuhlobo olusha lwempahla, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukunquma inani lazo 'langempela' noma 'elingaphakathi' kube ukugibela okumangalisayo. Ama-Cryptocurrencies akuwona amabhamuza ezezimali ngokwawo, kodwa angahlushwa amabhamuza ezezimali. Futhi, ngempela, baye bahlushwa amabhamuza amakhulu phakathi neminyaka edlule.

Isibonelo, i-2017 ikhunjulwa kahle kakhulu yibo bonke abasebenzisi be-crypto. NgoZibandlela walowo nyaka, amanani e-cryptocurrency, eholwa yi-Bitcoin, akhuphukela phezulu angakaze abonwe, kanti i-Bitcoin isondela ku-$20,000. Ekuqaleni kuka-2018, ukudayiswa kokwesaba, ukukhwabanisa, nokugebenga kwenza amanani ehle. Ekupheleni konyaka, i-Bitcoin yalahlekelwa ngama-80% yenani layo, yacwila ngaphansi kwama- $4,000, kwalandela amanye ama-cryptocurrencies amaningi, okuphawula ukuwa kwemakethe okukhulu kakhulu emlandweni.

Nokho, imakethe ye-crypto iyakwazi ukuqina, futhi ekugcineni yasimama—lapho ukwethuka kuphelelwa ithemba kanye nokufika kwezinye izindaba ezinhle . Eminyakeni eyisithupha kamuva, i-Bitcoin idlule i-$ 100,000 ngeyunithi ngayinye, futhi yonke imali yemakethe ye-crypto ingaphezu kwama- $ 3 trillion. Yiqiniso, ngeke sisho ukuthi zonke izinhlamvu zemali ziye zasinda kumabhamuza azo.

I-Terra (LUNA) kanye ne-FTX Token (FTT) yizibonelo ezingazange zilulame kusuka ezingozini ezinkulu . Ekugcineni, konke kuncike ezicini ezibalulekile (noma cha) ezinikezwa i-crypto ecosystem ethile kanye nokusekelwa komphakathi wayo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, I-Obyte , eyasungulwa ngo-2016, iye yakwazi ukumelana namabhamuza ezomnotho ngenxa yokugxila kwayo ekwahlukaniseni abantu ezindaweni kanye nasekusebenziseni phezu kokuqagela okucatshangelwayo. Isakhiwo sayo se-DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph) siqeda isidingo sabaphakathi futhi sinikeza inethiwekhi esebenza kahle, enezindleko eziphansi. I-Obyte ayincikile ezimayini ezidla amandla amaningi noma emiklomelweni yokuqinisekisa, inciphisa ukuncika kumnotho wamathokheni oguquguqukayo.

Izimo zayo zokusebenzisa komhlaba wangempela, njengokuqinisekiswa kwedatha kanye nezezimali ezihlukaniselwe amazwe, ziqhubeka ziqinisekisa inani layo ekusetshenzisweni esikhundleni sokuqagela. Ngale ndlela, i-Obyte yakha ikusasa elihlukaniswe ngempela!

Isithombe seVector esifakiwe ngu-WangXiNa / Freepik