I-MEV Bots: Yini Esiyaziyo Ngabo Futhi Singazivikela Kanjani?

I-strange is a think that while a significant portion of the Earth's population still lacks access to the internet, clean water, medicine, and other basic necessities, another part is engxolene in a hunt for MEV-- essentially a form of temporal warfare. In this scenario, for some, it's about a present that has yet to unfold, while for others, it's already an established future.

Let ushiye konke ngezinyathelo ngezinyathelo futhi zihlanganisa ezinye izindlela ezisebenzayo ukuhlangabezana ne-MEV bots. Kodwa isibuyekezo ibheka-ukuba kufanele siphinde kubo?

I-Bots ye-MEV – Yini?

Kwenziwe ngempumelelo, i-MEV bots iyiphi okungenani engaphezulu kunezinto ze-AI. Nakuba zihlanganisa nezinhlelo ezivamile, zihlanganisa inkampani ephelele ye-smart contracts kanye nezinhlelo ezengeziwe (njenge-mini-oracles kanye ne-daemons ezivela ku-blockchain) ezisungulwe ukukhiqiza imali kusuka ku-on-chain activities.

Ngibeka a16z isihloko ukuthi i-bot yokuqala okuzenzakalelayo ye-AI kuyoba omunye esebenza node ephelele futhi isebenzisa izipho zayo "ukuvumela ubomi yayo?a16za16z

I-MEV bots (I-Maximum Extractable Value) iyisofthiwe okuzenzakalelayo ezohlisa i-blockchains kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezohwebo ukuze zithole izinzuzo eliphezulu kakhulu ngokuvimbela isakhiwo se-block kanye ne-transaction validation process.

Wasebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene, ezifana:

• I-Front-running – ukubeka kwezohwebo ngaphambi kwezohwebo ezinzima abasebenzisi.
• I-Front-runningFront-runningFront-running
• I-Sandwich Attacks - Ukukhishwa kwezohwebo ngaphambi kwe-transaction enkulu ukuze zibonise izindleko.
I-Sandwich AttacksUkuhlukaniswa kwe-Sandwich
• I-Arbitrage - Ukuphumelela kokuphumelela kwamahhala phakathi kwebhizinisi ezivamile.
I-ArbitrageI-Arbitrage
• I-LiquidationsImininingwaneImininingwane

  Ukuhlola kanjani i-bot?

  Ngozi lokhu:

  

  

  
  

  Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kungcono ukuthi ingxenye ye-backend yayo ibonakala, ibekwe ku-smart contract: https://etherscan.io/address/0x00000000003b3cc22af3ae1eac0440bcee416b40#code – sicela ushiye ukuthi le mkhosi inikeza umsebenzi we-ReInit.

  https://etherscan.io/address/0x00000000003b3cc22af3ae1eac0440bcee416b40#codehttps://etherscan.io/address/0x00000000003b3cc22af3ae1eac0440bcee416b40#code

  I-Type ye-MEV Bots

  I-Type ye-MEV Bots

  I-MEV bots ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana:

  1. Ibhothi ye-Arbitrage – zitholela izixazululo zokushintshwa phakathi kwebhizinisi ze-DEX.
  2. Ibhothi ze-Front-running – zitholela i-transactions zabo ngaphambi kwe-user transactions ukuze zitholele imali.
  3. Ibhothi ze-Sandwich – zitholela imizuzu e-DEX ngokufaka ama-trades emabhodini ye-user's transaction.
  6. Ibhothi ze-Time-Bandit – zitholela
  7. I-Arbitrage bots – zibonisa izinga lokuphakama phakathi kwebhizinisi ze-DEX.
  8. Bots-Front-running - zihlanganisa imisebenzi zabo ngaphambi kwamakhasimende abasebenzisi ukuze uthole profit.
  9. I-Sandwich bots – zihlanganisa izindleko ku-DEX ngokufaka ama-trades ezimbini zezindiza ze-user.
  10. I-Bots ye-Liquidation - zihlanganisa ngokuzenzakalelayo i-subcollateralized borrower positions.
  11. I-Bots ye-Time-Bandit - Lezi zithunyelwe ukubhalisa umlando we-blockchains nge-rewards eyenziwe.
  I-Bots ye-Time-BanditI-Bots ye-Time-Bandit

  
  

  Ngaphezu kwalokho, sinokufumana ama-bots e-hybrid abasebenzisa izinhlamvu eziningana yokufinyelela imiphumela yayo ekupheleni.

  
  

  Kodwa lokhu kuphela isakhiwo. Thina ucwaningo izibalo – izibonelo zokusebenza ezidlulileyo kanye nezibonelo zebhizinisi zebhizinisi ezidlulile.

  I-MEV Statistics

  I-MEV Imininingwane

  Ukuhlola ezinye iziphakamiso ebalulekile kulesi isixhumanisi: collective.flashbots.net/t/publishing-flashbots-protect-and-mev-share-data/3087.collective.flashbots.net/t/publishing-flashbots-protect-and-mev-share-data/3087collective.flashbots.net/t/publishing-flashbots-protect-and-mev-share-data/3087

  
  

  

  

  
  

  Ukwazi ukucubungula ulwazi oluthile isikhathi esifanayo usebenzisa le link: https://dune.com/defi_wonderland/mev-bots.

  https://dune.com/defi_wonderland/mev-botshttps://dune.com/defi_wonderland/mev-bots

  
  

  Ngemuva kwalokho, ngithombe i-screenshot - ngisho nangeminyaka embalwa, kuyinto enhle kakhulu ngokwemvelo:

  

  

  And the most telling highlight:

  Izibonelo ze-Attack

  Ngaphandle kweminyaka embalwa, i-trader ye-cryptocurrency I-swapped ~$732,583 e-USDC ngama-$18,636 e-USDT phezu emahhovisi amabili, ebangeni isivakashi esikhulu se-sandwich.

  swappedswapped

  
  

  I-trader usebenzisa i-USDC-USDT liquidity pool ku-Uniswap V3. Ngokusho Michael Nadeau, umbhali we-The DeFi Report, umbhali we-MEV uqala ukuhweba we-trader, okwenza isisindo sokushintshwa phakathi kwama-assets ezimbili. I-bot kwenziwa futhi umbhali we-block builder bobTheBuilder ukuhlola ukuhweba kwayo kuqala.

  Michael Nadeau, umbhali we-The DeFi ReportMichael Nadeau, umbhali we-The DeFi Report

  
  

  Ukuvelisa izinzuzo, umdlavuza usebenzisa isofthiwe ye-bot esizayo ukucacisa i-meppool ngenxa ye-transactions ye-swap emikhulu, ezihlangene ku-platforms ezihlangene. Umdlavuza uqala izinzuzo ezimbili - eyodwa ngaphambi kwe-swap yama-victim - okwenza "i-sandwich". I-transactions yokuqala iye yandisa i-price ye-token yama-victim eyenza ukuthenga. Umdlavuza uyenza ngempumelelo ngokuthengiselela izindleko ezingaphezu.

  
  

  Let’s look at another similar case: I-transaction link kanye ne-screenshot yokufaka ngokushesha: (ngezansi):

  linkink

  

  

  
  

  Sihlola ukuthi $220,762.89 USDC lithunyelwe e-Uniswap V3 pool kuphela $5,271.11 USDT, okuyinto, ngokuvamile, engaphansi kwe-ideal – okwenza isisindo se-$214K jikelele.

  

  

  
  

  Khanye, kubaluleke ukuthi lokhu kuyinto ibhizinisi yesibili ku-block futhi ibhizinisi lokuqala yebhizinisi lomsebenzisi.

  
  

  Ukuqala ukuhweba kwe-block, i-Bot ye-MEV ibhizinisi i-Uniswap, okwenza isisombululo (ngokusho): link. Futhi lokhu kungcono: (I-screenshot ifakwe ngezansi).

  linkink

  

  

  
  

  Nge-transaction ngokuvamile, i-cross-loan enhle (AAVE) yasungulwa, ezilandelayo i-swap (Curve + Uniswap).  Ngenxa yalokho, i-$18 million enhle yasungulwa ngempumelelo ku-Uniswap pool, okwenza isilinganiso esikhulu:

  

  

  
  

  And now— this is crucial!  I-transaction elilandelayo ku-block yasungulwa nangokuthi i-MEV bot, lapho ibhizinisi yasungulwe. I-transaction link.  Futhi lokhu kubona kanjani: (i-screenshot ifakwe ngezansi):

  linkink

  

  

  
  

  Ngoko ke, thina usihlobene lapha? Ngokusho — a classic sandwich attack!  (I-There is a strong suspicion that such an attack would not be possible without collusion with the block producer. Ngoba? Ngenxa yokuba i-block iqukethe kuphela izimali ezingu-8, okuyinto enhle ngokuvamile ngokuvumelana nokusebenza kwebhizinisi elandelayo.)

  I-block producerI-block producer

  Yini okunye kufanele ukwazi?

  Sihlola i-logs yeendaba yokuqala transaction:

  ukudluliselwaI-transaction

  

  

  Yini thina ufunde lapha?

  Yini thina ukhangela lapha?

  Ukuhlaziywa:

  • I-Input/I-Output Ubuningi
  • I-Liquidity
  • Tick
  12. Input / Output Ubuningi
  13. I-Liquidity
  I-Liquidity
  14. Tick

  15. Ukuhlobisa kanjani?

      Yini i-tick?

      Let’s refer to the original isource: Ngokusho ukunikezela i-liquidity ku-Uniswap, i-tick iyinhlanganisela elincinane esetshenziselwa ukuhlola izinga lokushintshana ezithile lapho i-liquidity ingatholakala:

      isourceSource

      
      

      • Wonke i-tick ibonisa ingxenye encane ye-price space lapho i-liquidity ingatholakala.
      • Wonke i-liquidity level has its own tick spacing, okuyinto inikeza ama-pools ukucubungula i-liquidity ngokushesha.
      • I-tick spacing ibonise ukuthi izinga le-pricing ingatholakala ngokushesha.
  16. Okuningi le tick ibonisa ingxenye encane yezinga lokushintshwa lapho izinga lwezinsizakalo zingatholakala.
  17. Wonke isilinganiso isilinganiso ine-tick spacing yayo, okuholela ama-pools ukucubungula i-liquidity ngempumelelo.
  18. I-tick spacing ibonise ukuthi izinga lokushintshwa kwama-prize kungase ku-liquidity placement.

  
  

  I-Example: izinga lokushicilela ezincinane zithumela ukujabulela okuqhubekayo kwezimpahla ezisebenzayo, okuvumela ama-liquidity providers ukunciphisa izinga lokushicilela ngokuphathelene.

  
  

  Imininingwane:

  • I-Basis Points (bps), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-"bips", iyindlela eyodwa yokubonisa imibuzo yesigidi yama-prize e-pool.
  • 1 tick = 1 bip = 0.01% (noma 0.0001 ku-decimal).
  • I-Tick izindleko zihlanganisa kusuka ku-887,272 kuya ku-887,272 ku-Uniswap v3.
  19. I-Basis Points (i-bps), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-bips, iyindlela eyengeziwe yokubonisa imibuzo ye-percentage yama-price e-pool.
  20. 1 tick = 1 bip = 0.01% (noma 0.0001 ku-decimal).
  21. Imininingwane ze-Tick zihlanganisa kusuka ku-887,272 kuya ku-887,272 ku-Uniswap v3.

  
  

  I-Tick Spacing ibonise izindawo ezivamile ze-tick ezingenalutho ezingenalutho nezingane ze-liquidity. Ama-tick angakwazi ukuguqulwa izindleko – zonke izindawo ze-Uniswap v3 zihlanganisa izindleko ezimbili, zihlanganisa njenge-token0 ne-token1.

  
  

  Ndiya, sicela usebenzise lokhu ngokuvamile:  Uniswap isebenzisa isisombululo intengo:  Price = 1.0001^{tick}, Uma siphinde tick = -38716, siphinde: Price = 1.0001^{-38716} ≈ 0.02083.

  
  

  Lokhu kubalulekile ukuba ixabiso ye-pool yakhelwe ku-1 USDC = 0.02083 USDT, okuyinto ivimbele ngokuphelele ku-exchange rate enhle (~1:1).  Lezi zingawulo lwekhwalithi yakhuthaza ngqo isivakashi se-MEV, okuvumela i-bot ukuba isebenzisa i-liquidity pool ebuthakeme.

  I-Note ebalulekile

  Izithombe ze-sandwich attacks kanye nemiphumela emikhulu ye-swap ingathandwa ngezinye izikhathi zihlanganisa i-hacker transactions. Lezi zibonelelo zihlanganisa izivakashi ze-arbitrage bot, okuyinto ama-hackers ngokuvakasha.

  
  

  Ngokusho lokuqala, kubonakala ukuthi umthengisi onentshisekelo akuyona imali. Ngokwenene, ama-attackers zihlanganisa izindleko ngokusebenzisa izinzuzo ze-arbitrage etholakalayo nge-software etholakalayo. I-part enhle? Ama-assets e-blacklisted zihlanganiswa njengezinzuzo ze-bot trading, zihlanganisa izinhlelo eziningi zokulawula.

  
  

  Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi izindlela ezithile zisetshenziselwa i-Lazarus Group. I-Source: I-Lazarus is a sandwich-attacking its own trades to launder crypto.

  Lazarus is sandwich-attacking its own trades to launder cryptoLazarus is sandwich-attacking its own trades to wash crypto

  Techniques, Izindlela, kanye nezinhlelo zokusiza

  Techniques, Izindlela, nezinhlelo zokhuseleko

  I-Method #00: Ukuhlolwa

  Ukulungiselela kuphela imizuzu ye-1-3 ukuhlola i-contract esebenzayo, ukuhlola umlando we-transaction, futhi ukubuyekeza ama-input / i-output parameters kunokwenzeka kakhulu kunezinye.

  
  

  Ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo:

  • Ukuhlola i-Rekt kanye nemisindo efanayo.
  • Ukuhlola ngezindlela ezintsha zokuthutha kanye nezindlela ezintsha zokuthutha kwe-MEV.
  22. Ukuhlola i-Rekt kanye nemisindo efanayo.
  23. Ukuhlaziywa nge-attack new vectors kanye ne-MEV exploitation techniques ezintsha.

  I-Method #01: Isisombululo se-Manual – Don't Overpay

  Ngaphandle kokuba I-strategies ye-curve zihlanganisa ukulawula i-swaps emikhulu ngokushesha, ngicabanga ukuchithwa kwezimali zamazwe amancane – ngisho noma ibhola kubonakala ephelele. (Ngokusho i-swaps: I-curve strategiesI-curve strategiesisihlokoImininingwaneisihlokoisihloko

  
  

  Yes, lokhu kungabangela njengendlela primitive, futhi kungabangela izindleko zokuhweba, kodwa akuyona engcono ukulayisha izindleko ngaphezulu kunoma ingxenye ephakeme yedolobha yakho ngenxa ye-swap elula?

  
  

  Let usebenzisa izibonelo ezidlulileyo: ngisho uma i-bot wathatha umdlali wahlanganyela i-$220K nge-$5K, kodwa umdlali wahlanganyela kuphela i-$10K ekuqaleni, ukuthatha cishe i-$1K, izivakashi ezilandelayo zihlanganisa ngokushesha, ukuhlangabezana kwezimali amakhulu.

  I-Method #02: Isisombululo se-Semi-Automatic – Ukulawula Ukuhlobisa

  Uyazi ngokuvamile ukuthi i-slipperage yintoni (ukuba akuyona, uchofoza ukuhlaziywa).

  But lapha ingxenye ebalulekile: manually setting, test, and understanding slippage is one of the most critical self-protection tools in DeFi.

  
  

  Ngokwesibonelo, uma usebenza i-1: 1 swap futhi ngemuva kokuhweba i-100 izitolo, uzothola kuphela i-98, ke isilinganiso yakho yasungulwa ku-2%.

  
  

  Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye ama-aggregators zithuthukisa i-swaps embalwa. Lezi zindlela zibonisa inani elincinci esithathwe ngoba ama-super-nodes (eyaziwayo ezahlukile) zithuthukisa:

  • Izindleko ze-Fee;
  • I-Routing Efficiency;
  • I-MEV Protection Strategies.
  24. Izindleko ze-Fee;
  25. Ukulungiswa kwe-routing;
  26. I-MEV ukhuseleko zomthetho.

  
  

  Kwa lokhu, ukucaciswa kwe-slipperage kuyinto ezidingekayo (okungabikho) isilinganiso ku-DeFi.

  I-Method #03: Ukufinyelela okuzenzakalelayo – I-RPC

  Yini izibonelo ezimbili.

  
  

  Izibonelo yokuqala: gashawk.io. Ungathola i-wallet yakho ngokuzenzakalelayo – nje ubeka ikheli lakho ku-field efanayo:

  gashawk.iogashawk.io

  

  

  And then it’s simple:

  • Suka ku-dAPP.
  • I-Connect your wallet.
  • Suka ku-RPC.
  27. Go ukuze dAPP.
  28. I-Connect your wallet.
  29. Ukulungiselela i-RPC.

  
  

  Izibonelo yesibini:protect.flashbots.net/summary.  Isikhathi esifanayo-ukuvumela nokufaka izinga.

  protect.flashbots.net/summaryprotect.flashbots.net/summary

  I-Method #04: Ukufinyelela okuzenzakalelayo – Amagregators

  Nokho, akuyona kuphela ama-aggregators - amaningi ama-AMMs (DEXs) zihlola izindlela zokhuseleko kubasebenzisi zabo:

  

  

  
  

  Nge-screenshot ephakeme, ngifake ukhuseleko we-MEV ku-PancakeSwap futhi ngifake ngempumelelo:

  

  

  
  

  Ngemuva kwalokho, Ngingathola nge-swaps. Kulesi isibonelo, kuyinto engaphakathi, kodwa lokhu kuyinto ingozi yokuhlanganisa. Phakathi ne-aggregators, ngithole i-1inch ne-Odos. Nokho, ungakwazi futhi ukuhlola i-DeFiLlama (i-meta-aggregator) ne-Paraswap.

  Ukuqaleni

  Ukuhlaziywa

  Wagcina ukuthi i-MEV isetshenziselwa kuphela emithombo emibi—okungenalokho! Ngiyazi isibonelo esidlulile:

  
  

  Flashblocks kuyinto ubuchwepheshe eyakhelwe ngokuvumelana ne-Flashbots, inkampani eyaziwa izixhobo zayo ze-Ethereum kanye nezisombululo ezitholakala ze-MEV.

  
  

  I-Flashblocks inikeza isivinini sokusebenza sokusebenza ngokushesha ama-blocks e-pre-confirmed ngamahilisi angu-200, okunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuguqulwa kwamahhala.

  
  

  I-DAO emangalisayo, i-Uniswap, ivumela isixazululo esifanayo, ukunciphisa isikhathi se-block ku-Unichain kuya ku-0.25.

  
  

  I-Architecture ye-Flashblocks yakhelwe izindlela ezivamile ze-block propagation kanye ne-execution, ezifana ne-"shreds" ku-Solana ne-"data squares" ku-Celestia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Base isebenza futhi kulokhu.

  
  

  Ngokuthi, I-dark forest kuyoba ikhona emzimbeni emzimbeni emzimbeni emzimbeni emzimbeni emzimbeni emzimbeni emzimbeni emzimbeni emzimbeni emzimbeni!

  ukudluliselwaukudluliselwa

  Imininingwane

  mev.wiki flashbots.net explore.flashbots.net
  • mev.wiki
  mev.wikimev.wiki
  • flashbots.net
  flashbots.netflashbots.net
  • explore.flashbots.net
  explore.flashbots.netexplore.flashbots.net
  • protect.flashbots.net/explorer
  protect.flashbots.net/explorerprotect.flashbots.net/explorer
  • dune.com/hildobby/sandwiches
  dune.com/hildobby/sandwichesdune.com/hildobby/sandwiches
  • github.com/flashbots/mev-explore-public
  github.com/flashbots/mev-explore-publicgithub.com/flashbots/mev-explore-public
  • https://bankless.ghost.io/rise-of-the-liquidity-robots-
  https://bankless.ghost.io/rise-of-the-liquidity-robots-https://bankless.ghost.io/rise-of-the-liquidity-robots-