Umbhali:
(1) J. Walker Orr, Ubunjineli boMbane kunye neNzululwazi yeKhompyutha, iYunivesithi yaseGeorge Fox, eNewberg, OR, 97132, USA ([email protected]).
Itheyibhile yoQhagamshelwano
Isishwankathelo kunye 1. Intshayelelo
3.1 Ulwakhiwo lweNgxaki kunye neScaffolding eDynamic
3.2 UVavanyo olungekho sikweni kunye neNgxelo
6 Imibulelo kunye neembekiselo
Abstract
Olu phononongo luphonononga ukulungelelaniswa kwestudiyo sokusombulula ingxaki kwimfundo yesayensi yekhompyuter ngokuyidibanisa nenkqubo yesibini. I-Pair programming sisenzo sobunjineli besoftware kushishino, kodwa ibone iziphumo ezixubeneyo kwigumbi lokufundela. Uphando lwakutsha nje lucebisa ukuba inkqubo yokubini inesithembiso kwaye inokuba sisixhobo sokufundisa esisebenzayo, nangona kunjalo, into ebandakanya uyilo olufanelekileyo lokufundisa kunye nokuphunyezwa kweenkqubo ezimbini kwigumbi lokufundela akucaci. Siphuhlise isakhelo soyilo lokufundisa lwenkqubo ezimbini ngokuhlengahlengisa istudiyo sokusombulula ingxaki (PSS), i-pedagogy evela kubunjineli bebhayoloji. I-PSS ibandakanya amaqela abafundi abasombulula iingxaki ezivulelekileyo ngengxelo yexesha lokwenyani enikwe ngumhlohli. Ngokucacileyo, i-PSS isebenzisa iingxaki zobunzima obuhlengahlengiswayo ukugcina abafundi bawo onke amanqanaba bebandakanyeka kwaye besebenza ngaphakathi kwendawo yophuhliso olusondeleyo. Ulwakhiwo lwekhosi lunezigaba ezithathu, okokuqala kuqala ngomboniso, kulandele iseshoni yePSS, emva koko kugqitywe ngengxoxo. Sifunde indibaniselwano ye-PSS kunye ne-pairing programming kwiklasi ye-CS1 kwiminyaka emithathu. Uvavanyo lwabafundi lunika ingxelo yenqanaba eliphezulu lokuzibandakanya, ukufunda, kunye nenkuthazo.
1. Intshayelelo
I-Pair programming yinkqubo ye-eXtreme programming (XP) (Beck, 2000) ebone ukusetyenziswa okuthile kwishishini (Hannay et al., 2009). Ibandakanya abadwelisi benkqubo ababini abasebenza kunye kwingxaki enye kunye nekhompyuter kunye nomdwelisi wenkqubo omnye othatha indima "yomqhubi" kunye nomnye kwindima "yomqhubi wenqanawa." "Umqhubi" usebenza ikhibhodi kwaye ubhala ngokuthe ngqo ikhowudi ngelixa "umqhubi wenqanawa" ejonga kwaye ebuza imibuzo, egxeka kwaye ecoca ikhowudi kunye nokuyila kwayo. "Umqhubi wenqanawa" akazenzi, bajonga iibhug kunye neziphene, bacinge ngolunye uyilo, kwaye bajonge amaxwebhu anxulumeneyo kunye nezixhobo. Nangona ukusebenza kwenkqubo yesibini kuxutyiwe (Hawlitschek et al., 2022; Hannay et al., 2009), kwezinye iimeko kubonakaliswe ukuvelisa ikhowudi yomgangatho ophezulu ngokukhawuleza kuneprogram ye-solo (Williams et al., 2000). Injongo yeyokuba idizayini yenkqubo iya kunceda abaphuhlisi abasebenza kunye ukubamba iimpazamo kunye neziphene ngokukhawuleza kunokuba bebodwa.
Kwimfundo, ukucwangciswa kwezibini kunyanzelekile kuba kuhambelana nomgaqo wokufunda kunye nokufunda okusasazwayo, ingcamango yokuba "Ulwazi luqhele ukwakhiwa ngokwentlalo, ngeenzame zentsebenziswano kwiinjongo ekwabelwana ngazo okanye ngeengxoxo kunye nemingeni eziswa yiyantlukwano kwiimbono zabantu" ( Solomon, 1997). Ngaphaya koko, kubonakaliswe ukwandisa ukwaneliseka kwabafundi, ukunciphisa ukuphoxeka kwabafundi, ukuphucula utyekelo lwabafundi lokuzingisa, kunye nokunika abafundi indlela yokuzimela (Williams and Upchurch, 2001). Isakhelo se-ICAP sichaza iindlela ezine zokuthethathethana kwabafundi kunye nokuziphatha, ukuchonga imo yokunxibelelana njengokuvelisa elona nqanaba liphezulu lokuzibandakanya kwengqondo yomfundi. Iindlela zokufunda ezisebenzisanayo zikholelwa ukuba zivelisa ulwazi olunzulu, oludluliswayo (Chi noWylie, 2014). Udweliso lwenkqubo ngababini luhambelana nenkcazo ye-ICAP yokufunda ngokudibana kwaye kungoko inamandla okuvelisa ukufunda okuqinileyo, okutshintshekayo, okunengqiqo. Kutshanje, Hawlitschek et al. (2022) yenze uphononongo loncwadi arXiv:2311.01693v1 [cs.CY] 3 Nov 2023 kunye nemeta-study of pair programming in education yafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba iperi programming ibalulekile kwaye iyasebenza kubafundi, ngakumbi abasaqalayo, kodwa uyilo olusebenzayo lokufundisa lwalungekho. Yiyo loo nto ukucwangcisa inkqubo ngababini kubonakaliswe ukuba kuninzi okunokubakho njengendlela yokufundisa kodwa iinkcukacha zendlela yokuphumeza ngokuchanekileyo kwigumbi lokufundela azikafunyanwa.
Siphakamisa ukuba isisombululo soyilo olusebenzayo lokufundisa kwiprogram ye-pair eklasini sifunyenwe kwindawo yokufunda ye-Problem Solving Studio (PSS) (Le Doux and Waller, 2016). I-PSS yayiyilelwe ukufundisa abafundi bobunjineli bebhayoloji ukusombulula iingxaki ezintsonkothileyo ngaphandle kokuba babhenele kwinkqaya yeenkqubo kunye ne-algorithms. Abafundi basebenza ngamaqela amabini ukusombulula iingxaki ezingachazwanga kakuhle kwindawo kawonke-wonke, okwenza abahlohli banike ingxelo yexesha lokwenyani njengoko beqhubeka. Olona phawu luphambili lwe-PSS kukuguquguquka kwescaffolding, uhlengahlengiso olujoliswe kuyo lobunzima bengxaki ukugcina abafundi becela umngeni kodwa bangatyhafi. Ngokwandisa okanye ukunciphisa ubunzima kwisiseko seqela ngalinye ngexesha lokwenyani, abafundi abaninzi kangangoko banokugcinwa kwizowuni yophuhliso olusondeleyo. Ikhosi esekwe kwisifundo iya kuba nexesha elinzima lokuthelekisa amanqanaba ahlukeneyo abafundi abakuwo kuba umxholo wesifundo esifanayo kunye nokuhanjiswa kudluliswa kubo bonke abafundi. Kukho ubungqina obulungileyo bokuba i-PSS iphucula ukuqonda kwengqondo yabafundi (Le Doux and Waller, 2016).
I-PSS kunye ne-pairing programming zihambelana ngokwemvelo kwaye indibaniselwano yezi zimbini zihambelana neenjongo kunye neemfuno zokufundisa zezifundo ze-CS1. Ngesi sizathu, olu phononongo lujongene ngokukodwa nokulungelelaniswa kwe-PSS ngokubambisana nenkqubo yokubini kwi-CS1 pedagogy. Iinjongo ezimbini eziphambili zekhosi ye-CS1 kukufundisa izakhono ze-algorithmic zokusombulula iingxaki kunye nolwimi oluthile lokucwangcisa. Omnye wemingeni kubahlohli beengcali kukuba zombini ukusombulula iingxaki kunye nolwazi lolwimi lwendele nzulu kangangokuba luyindalo yesibini kubafundisi. Okumangalisayo kukuba, eli nqanaba liphezulu lokuqonda lithetha ukuba abahlohli bahlala benexesha elinzima lokunxibelelana olu lwazi kuba luthathwa nje kancinci (Le Doux kunye noWaller, 2016). Ngapha koko, isakhono somfundi kunye nemvelaphi yahluka kakhulu kwizifundo ze-CS1. Nangona kunjalo, i-synthesis ye-PSS kunye ne-pairing programming ijongana nale mingeni kunye neenjongo ngokuthe ngqo, ngokunika abafundi ithuba lokuphuhlisa ukusombulula iingxaki kunye nezakhono zolwimi lweprogram. I-PSS kunye nokongezwa kwenkqubo yokubini, ifundisa ukusombulula ingxaki ye-algorithmic ngokusebenzisa imeko yokuqeqeshwa kwengqondo (Collins et al., 1987). Abafundi bafunda omnye komnye kwaye bakhokelwa ngumqeqeshi okanye abanye abancedisi bokufundisa. Ukufunda ngoontanga kuluncedo kuba abafundi abakumanqanaba afanayo okukwazi banamava akutsha nje aneengxaki ezifanayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba basoloko bengcono ekunxibelelaneni nezo zisombululo njengoko bekhumbula iinkcukacha kunye neenkcukacha zazo zombini ezo zinto bazifumene zilucelomngeni kunye nendlela abayoyise ngayo loo miqobo. Ukukwazi kwenkqubo yokubini ukunika ingxelo ekhawulezileyo kunceda abafundi bafunde isintaksi kunye nesemantics yolwimi locwangciso. Ngaphaya koko ikhuthaza intsebenziswano ngababini kunye nokusombulula iingxaki. I-Pair programming ibonakaliswe ukunceda abadwelisi bezaziso ukusombulula iingxaki abanako ukuzibamba ngokwabo (Hawlitschek et al., 2022). Ukudityaniswa kwe-PSS kunye nenkqubo ye-pair yenza zombini indawo yokufunda kunye nemeko yokufunda koontanga apho abafundi baphuhlisa zombini ukusombulula iingxaki kunye nezakhono zolwimi lokuprograma.
Eli phepha li
