Muchinyakare blockchains, kupararira kweblock kunoitika kuburikidza nevezera-kune-vezera network umo mabhuroki matsva uye matransferensi anotepfenyurwa kune ese anoparadzira node. Iyi nzira inowanzoitika sequentially kana yakazara. Nekudaro, iyi nzira haina scalable, sezvo zvinova zvakaoma kubata sezvo network inokura nekuda kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwekutaurirana.

Ngatitarisei network ye35,000 validators. Mutungamiriri anofanirwa kuendesa 128 MB block (inenge mazana mashanu emakumi mashanu ekutengeserana pa250 bytes per transaction) kune vese zviuru makumi matatu nezvishanu zvinosimbisa. Iyo yechinyakare block propagation kuita yaizoda kuti mutungamiri ave neyakasarudzika yekubatanidza kune yega yega inosimbisa uye kufambisa iyo yakazara 128 MB 35,000 nguva. Izvi zvingaguma nekutapurirana kwedata kwe4.69 TB, iyo inodarika zvakajairwa bandwidth uye zvingave zvisingagoneke kugarisana nekubatana kwakawanda.

Kugadzirisa nyaya yekunonoka kuparadzira block, Solana akaunza Turbine, yakawanda-layer block propagation nzira inoshandiswa nemasumbu kutepfenyura zvinyorwa zveledger kumanode ese. Kutaura zvakafara, Turbine inotyora zvidhinha kuita mabhururu madiki uye nekuaparadzira kuburikidza nehurongwa hwemanodhi, ichidzikisa mutoro pane imwe node.

Chii chinonzi Turbine?

Turbine's architecture yakafemerwa zvakanyanya neBitTorrent's. Ose ari maviri anovimba nedata chunking-kutyora data hombe kuita zvidimbu zvidiki-uye shandisa peer-to-peer network kuparadzira data. Turbine yakagadziridzwa kutenderera. Inotumira data uchishandisa UDP chete, iyo inopa latency mabhenefiti. Iyo inoshandisa yakasarudzika nzira pakiti kuburikidza netiweki sevatungamiriri (vagadziri veblock) vanofambisa data ravo. Iyi yekumhanyisa yekumhanyisa block inobvumira Solana kuchengetedza kwayo yakakwira throughput.

Kunyanya zvakadaro, Turbine inogadzirisa nyaya yekuwanikwa kwedata, kuve nechokwadi chekuti node dzese dzinogona kuwana iyo data inodiwa kuti isimbise kutengeserana nemazvo. Izvi zvinoitwa pasina kuda huwandu hukuru hwebandwidth, inova yakajairika bhodhoro mune mamwe blockchain network.

Iyo block propagation process yeTurbine

Chivharo chisati chaparidzwa, mutungamiri anovaka uye anoraira bhuroka yakapihwa nzira inopinda yekutengeserana. Mushure mekunge block yavakwa, yakagadzirira kutumirwa kuburikidza neTurbine kune yakasara network. Iyi nzira inonzi block propagation . Mharidzo dzinobva dzapfuudzwa pakati pevanosimbisa, uye aya mameseji anoiswa mukati meiyo block data kugutsa chero mamiriro ekuzvipira "akasimbiswa" kana "akapedzwa.".

Nepo vatungamiriri vachivaka uye vachikurudzira mabhuroki akazara, iyo data chaiyo inotumirwa semashreds (chikamu chezvivharo) kune mamwe mavhavhari mune network. Shreds ndiwo maatomu mayuniti anotumirwa pakati pevagadzirisi. Iyi nzira yekupwanya uye kuparadzira inovimbisa nekukurumidza uye kwakaringana kugovera kweblock data mhiri kweSolana, kuchengetedza yakakwira throughput uye network chengetedzo.

Cherechedza: Chivharo chakasimbiswa chawana kuwanda kwemavhoti ebhurodhi, nepo bhuroko rakapedzwa rakasimbiswa uye rine 31+ mabhuroko akasimbiswa akavakwa pamusoro pebhuroko rakanangwa.

Erasure Coding

Isati yatumirwa kuMuti weTurbine, shreds yakavharwa neReed-Solomon erasure coding, nzira yekudzivirira data inoshandisa mamwe marudzi ekukanganisa-kugadzirisa kodhi. Iyi nzira yakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza kubva pakurasikirwa kwedata kana paine kutadza kana kukanganisa. Inokamura data kuita mabhururu madiki uye inoisa kodhi yega yega neruzivo rwekuwedzera.

Turbine inotsamira zvakanyanya pakudzoreredzwa kwemapaketi pakati pevagadziri vanogona kusarudza kuburitsa data risiri iro kana data isina kukwana. Nekuda kwekutumirazve, chero network-yakafara packet kurasikirwa inowedzerwa, uye mukana wepaketi kutadza kusvika kwairi kuenda unowedzera pane yega hop. Semuenzaniso, kana mutungamiri akatumira 20% yemapakiti echivharo semakodhi erasure, saka network inogona kudonhedza chero 20% yemapaketi pasina kurasikirwa nechivharo. Vatungamiri vanogona kugadzirisa nhamba iyi (FEC rate) zvichienderana nemamiriro ehutano kuburikidza nekufunga zvakasiyana-siyana zvakadai semazuva achangobva kuonekwa network-wide packet kurasikirwa uye kudzika kwemuti.

MuSolana, data shreds zvidhinha zvishoma kubva kune yekutanga block yakavakwa nemutungamiri, uye shreds yekudzoreredza ndeye Reed-Soromoni-yakagadzirwa erasure-coded zvidhinha. Mabhuroki paSolana anowanzo wedzera FEC ye32:32 (32 kubva pa64 mapaketi anogona kurasika pasina chikonzero chekutumira zvakare).

Turbine Muti

Solana anoshandisa Turbine Tree, yakarongeka network topology, kufambisa kupararira kwakanaka kweshreds pakati pevagadziri. Kana shreds dzakanyatsokodherwa mumapoka avo akachekwa, akagadzirira kuparadzirwa kuburikidza neTurbine Tree kuzivisa vamwe vagadzirisi mumambure enzvimbo yakagadziridzwa.

Muti weTurbine, uchizivikanwa kune vese, unova nechokwadi chekuti mugadziri wega wega anoziva kwaanoita basa rekudzosera iyo shred. Muti weTurbine unowanzo 2- kana 3-hop muti (zvichienderana nehuwandu hwezvinosimbisa zvinosimbisa), zvichipihwa ikozvino DATA_PLANE_FANOUT kukosha kwe200.

Uyezve, node dzinogona kushandisa makuhwa uye kugadzirisa kana vasingagamuchiri shreds yakakwana kana kana chiyero chekurasikirwa chichipfuura chiyero cheFEC. Pasi pekushandiswa kwazvino, node inoshaya shreds yakakwana yekuvakazve block inotumira chikumbiro kumutungamiri kuti atumirezve. Pasi pe deterministic Turbine, chero node inogamuchira iyo yakazara block inogona kutumira iyo yekugadziridza shreds iyo inokumbira node inoda, nekudaro kusundidzira kutapurirana kwedata kudzika kusvika kunzvimbo dzemuti dziri kukumbira data.

Mhedziso

Mumushumo uyu, takaongorora Solana's Turbine block propagation mechanism, iyo inopwanya mabhuroko makuru kuita madiki shred kuti inyatso kugovera data panetiweki. Isu takasimbisa kuti erasure coding inovimbisa sei kutendeseka kwedata uye kuti Turbine Muti unofambisa sei nekukurumidza kutapurirana pakati pevagadziri.