EIP-7002: Nzira Iri Nani Yekutora PaEthereum

Kuchinja kwaEthereum kubva kuChipupuriro cheBasa (Pow) kuenda kuChiratidzo cheStake (PoS), aka, The Merge, yaiva nguva inokosha munhoroondo yetiweki. Kunze kwekupa Ethereum yaidiwa rebrand kuburikidza nekuderedza carbon footprint, Uchapupu hweStake hwakanga hwakakosha kune chinangwa chikuru chenguva refu: kuderedza chipingamupinyi chekubatanidzwa mukubvumirana kweEthereum. The Merge yakatsiva computational resources (simba remigodhi) nemari yemari sehwaro hwekuchengetedzwa kwehupfumi hweEthereum-kuzarura mukana wekuti chero ani zvake aite purofiti uye nyore nyore kuitisa node yekusimbisa nekuisa 32 ETH paBeacon Chain.

Nepo Humbowo hweSitiko hwakaunza mabhenefiti, kuchine nzvimbo dzakawanda dzekuvandudza. Zvimwe zvacho zvinosanganisira:

• Kuderedza danda centralization uye validator cartelization
• Kuderedza mashandiro epamusoro kune vanosimbisa uye kukurudzira solo staking
• Kuvandudza staking economics uye ruzivo rwemushandisi (UX)
• Kuwedzera kuve nyore, kuchengetedzeka, uye kugovera matunhu emabasa akatumwa uye emapato akawanda.

EIP-7002: Execution Layer Triggerable Withdrawals ndiyo itsva Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP) inogadzirisa mamwe ematambudziko ambotaurwa. Iyo EIP inosuma nzira yekuti vanobata basa vabvise magwaro kubva kuBeacon Chain vachishandisa magwaro ekubvisa pane kuvimba nekiyi yekusaina yeanosimbisa kuti atange mashandiro ekubvisa - kunyatso batanidza kiyi yekusaina kubva pakiyi yekubvisa.

Uku "kupatsanurwa kwekunetsekana" pakati pemakiyi ekusaina makiyi uye makiyi ekubvisa ane bhenefiti yakakosha: kudzikisira fungidziro yekuvimba mukupihwa basa nekugonesa magwaro ekubvisa kuchengetedza kutonga kweETH yakatemerwa. Ini ndichaongorora kuti nei ichi chimiro chakakosha mukati meichi chinyorwa uye tokurukura zvimwe zvakanaka zveEIP-7002, kunyanya kune solo staking uye DVT (yakagoverwa validator tekinoroji) staking. Chinyorwa chacho chichatarisawo zvimwe zvingangokanganisa pakushandisa EIP-7002 paEthereum.

Ngatinyure mukati!

Kugadzirisa nhanho: Nhau yemakiyi, magurovhosi machena, uye kusuwa (ing)

Kana iwe uchida kuisa ETH uye kusimbisa iyo Beacon Chain nhasi, une maviri ekutanga sarudzo: solo staking uye delegated staking; kune dzimwe nzira dzekutemesa ETH, asi izvi zvakanyanya kana zvishoma zvekubvisa pane spectrum pakati pezvambotaurwa. Solo staking iri nyore:

• Dhipoziti 32 ETH muchibvumirano chedhipoziti yeBeacon Chain kuti uvhure mugadziri mutsva
• Gadzira makiyi ekuita basa rekusimbisa (kusimbisa kutengeserana, kupupurira zvivharo, kubatanidza zvipupuriro, uye mabhuroko ekukurudzira)
• Gadzirisa node yekusimbisa uye sync danho rekuuraya (EL) uye kubvumirana layer (CL) mutengi.
• Chengetedza yako validator pamhepo uye ichishanda nemazvo kudzivirira zvirango

Kune mamwe nhanho (iyo Staking Launchpad's Validator FAQ ine mhedziso huru kune vangangove vagadzirisi), asi aya ndiwo anonyanya kukosha maficha ekuvhura inosimbisa. Zvakakosha, kurovera wega kunoda hapana munhu wepakati kana mumwe uye anobvumidza iwe kuchengetedza zana remibairo yakagamuchirwa kubva mukusimbisa (kupupurira mabhuraki uye kukumbira zvidhinha) paBeacon Chain. Asi haisi kudya kwemasikati kwemahara: iwe une basa rekugadzirisa yako validator uye uchada imwe nhanho yehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi kuti uite solo staking oparesheni.

Kana iyo pfungwa yekutonga inosimbisa inonzwika yakaoma, unogona kuenda iyo yakatumwa staking nzira. Iwe uchiri nebasa rekupa makumi matatu nembiri ETH kunyoresa mugadziriso mutsva — chete ikozvino, iwe unopa basa rekushandisa iyo validator kune wechitatu-bato. Iyo validator node opareta iri kupa izvo zvingatsanangurwa nevamwe se "white glove sevhisi" uye inoda muripo wesevhisi iyi. Semuenzaniso, iwe unogona kudikanwa kugovera chikamu chemubairo wako wekusimbisa neanode opareta sechikamu chechibvumirano chekutanga.

Chikamu che "white girovhosi" chinoreva kuti mushandisi anotora basa rekuchengetedza mushandisi wako achishanda uye akachengeteka-zvinoreva kuti unogona kuita zvinhu zvakaita seNetflix manheru eChishanu manheru (kana chero chaunoita munguva yako yemahara) usinganetseki nezvirango kubva pakushaikwa kwemabasa ekusimbisa. kana kunetseka nezve kuchengetedzeka kwemakiyi ako ekusimbisa.

Pane caveat, zvakadaro: Kupihwa basa kunoda kuvimba neanode operator kudzivirira kuisa yako 32 ETH panjodzi nekuita mhosva inoparadza (semuenzaniso, kusaina mabhuroki maviri anopokana) kana kuba mari yako. Zvakawanda kubvunza-uye zvechokwadi kwete kune vanhu vane nyaya dzekuvimba-asi kurongeka kunoshanda zvakanaka nguva zhinji kana node vanoshanda vakatendeseka.

Asi Ethereum haina kuvakwa paweb2's "trust me bro" ethos, ndicho chikonzero iwe uchiona "kusavimbika" uye "kusavimbika" kunoonekwa kazhinji mukukurukurirana pa crypto-Twitter uye Reddit. Yakatumirwa staking mune yayo yakachena fomu inopokana neiyi ethos, asi pane workaround kubva munzira makiyi maviri anogadzirwa panguva yekuita activator nyowani.

Imwe neimwe validator ine makiyi maviri: kiyi yekubvisa uye kiyi yekusimbisa. Kiyi yekubvisa ndeye yeruzhinji-yakavanzika kiyi vaviri inodiwa kuti zvishoma kana kubvisa zvachose chiyero cheBeacon Chain validator zvichienderana nekuti iwe unoda "skim" (kubvisa mibairo chete) kana "kubuda" (kubvisa 32 ETH chiyero + mibairo) . Ziva kuti kiyi yekubvisa inofanirwa kuvandudzwa kubva kune yakasarudzika BLS ( 0x00 ) zvitupa kune 0x01 zvitupa zvinonongedza kukero yeEthereum kuitira kuti chikamu kana kuzere kubviswa kwechiyero chemugadziriso.

Kiyi yekubvisa inogadzirwa panguva yekuisa kuburikidza neiyo interface seStaking Launchpad uye yakakurumidza kugadzira ID yeKubvisa iyo inosanganisirwa mudhipoziti data yemugadziri-inopa iyo Beacon Chain ruzivo rwekuti ndiani akaisa 32 ETH. Iyo infographic pazasi kubva Kudzivirira Kubvisa Makiyi neAtestant inopa tarisiro huru yekuti kiyi yekubvisa inosanganiswa sei mune inobvumira dhipoziti yekukumbira maitiro:

The validator key is a public-private keypair inodiwa pakuita mabasa anotarisirwa ega Ethereum validator-kunyanya kuvhota zvidhinha uye proposeing blocks kuti vamwe vavhotere ("kuvhota" uye "kupupura" zvinoshandiswa zvakasiyana, asi zvinoreva pfungwa imwechete. yekusimbisa matransferensi uye kusimbisa chokwadi chezvivharo). Iyo validator's public kiyi inoshanda seyakasarudzika cryptographic identity muEthereum's consensus protocol, nepo kiyi yepachivande inotarisirwa kuvanzwa uye inoshandiswa kusaina block data (makiyi evharita anotsanangurwawo sekiyi yekusaina nekuda kweichi chikonzero).

Zvino, pamusiyano mukuru pakati pe validator (kusaina) makiyi nemakiyi ekubvisa:

Kiyi yekusaina yea validator inoshandiswa nguva nenguva - funga maminetsi ega ega 6.5 kana kureba kweslot panguva iyo mutsigiri wega wega achasarudzwa kuti apupurire kana kupa bhuroko - uye anonyatso chengetwa munzvimbo yepamhepo, iri nyore-kusvika sechikwama chinopisa. Nekudaro, kiyi yekubvisa inoshandiswa zvishoma uye inogona kuchengetwa munzvimbo yakachengeteka, isina nzvimbo sechikwama chinotonhora kusvikira munhu anotemerwa achida kubvisa mari kubva kukero yekubvisa yakabatana neimwe validator.

Musiyano uyu wakakosha kudzikisa fungidziro yekuvimba mukumisikidzwa kwestaking: sezvo kiyi yekubvisa isingadiwe pakuita basa rekusimbisa, mutengi anogona kuchengetedza kutonga kweETH yakatemerwa nekugovana kiyi yekusimbisa nemushandisi wenode uye akabata kiyi yekubvisa. Nenzira iyo, mushandisi ane hutsinye haakwanise kutiza nemari yeanobata mushure mekubvisa chiyero chemugadziri pasina mvumo yemutengi.

Hurongwa hwemasiteki hwakapihwa, uko mutengi akabata kiyi yekubvisa, anowanzo kutsanangurwa se "asina kuchengetedzwa" kuratidza kuti sangano rinoshandisa node inosimbisa panzvimbo peanotemerwa pakupedzisira harina masimba eETH yakabatwa. Izvi zvinomira zvakasiyana nemhinduro dzekuchengetedza staking umo iyo staking sevhisi inodzora zvese kusaina uye kubvisa makiyi; "white glove service on steroids" muenzaniso wakanaka wepfungwa we custodial staking: a staker anongopa 32 ETH kubhadhara iyo validator uye nhumerwa zvimwe zvese-kusanganisira kutanga validator dhipoziti zvikumbiro uye kuchengetedza kubvisa makiyi - kune staking service).

Kuparadzanisa validator kusaina makiyi kubva kubvisa makiyi ne theoretically inogadzirisa dambudziko rekuvimba muzvibvumirano zvakapihwa staking. Mukuita, hukama pakati penode opareta uye staker mune isiri- custodial staking setup ichine chinhu chekuvimba nekuda kweiyo nzira yekubvisa validator uye kukonzeresa kubviswa kwakazara kana chidimbu kweyevhavhavhari kukero yekubvisa.

Kuti ubvise chibvumikiso kubva kuBeacon Chain, "Voluntary Exit Message" (VEM) yakasainwa nekiyi yekusimbisa inofanirwa kuendeswa kuti igadziriswe pane yekubvumirana layer. Kana ichinge yasanganisirwa mubhuroka (yega yega block inogona kusanganisira inokwana gumi nematanhatu yekubvisa chikumbiro mashandiro), meseji yekubvisa inowedzerwa kumutsetse wechikumbiro chekubvisa - nekunonoka pakubviswa kwekupedzisira kunokonzerwa nezvinhu, senge y nhamba yekumisikidzwa kwekubvisa kana validator churn rate.

Ndakasimbisa chinodikanwa chekusaina chikumbiro chekuzvidira chekubvisa nekiyi yekusaina yekusimbisa kuratidza dambudziko nearipo "asiri- custodial" staking mhinduro: mutengi anofanira kuvimba neanode opareta - uyo anodzora kiyi yekusimbisa inodiwa kusaina VEM-ku. gadzirisa zvikumbiro zvekubvisa. Izvi zvinonyatso kuunza kuvimbana muhukama pakati pevashandisi venode uye masevhisi ekutangisa; zvakatonyanya kuipa, zvinoisa vatengesi panjodzi yeku "kushungurudzwa" nevashandisi vane hutsinye.

Mukurwisa kunoshungurudza , chinangwa cheanorwisa ndechekuita kuti mumwe wake arasikirwe - kwete hazvo kuti abatsirike zvakananga. Kuisa izvi mumamiriro ezvinhu, funga nezve chiitiko apo Alice anotuma Bob kuti ashandise inosimbisa panzvimbo yake asi ofunga kumubvisa makumi matatu nemaviri ETH gare gare. Bob anogona kukudza chikumbiro chaAlice uye kuunza chikumbiro chekubvisa nekusaina Voluntary Exit Message (VEM)… Bob haabatsirike zvakananga nekuramba chikumbiro chaAlice - chaanogona kuita chete kubata Alice ETH "nhapwa" nekuramba kubatsira Alice kubvisa mumiriri wake.

Zvakanaka, izvo hazvisi 100% zvakarurama; Bob anogona kuita zvinhu zvakaipa zvakawanda kukonzera Alice zvakanyanya "kusuwa":

1. Deredza chiyero chaAlice chekusimbisa nekuita nemaune mhosva inoputsika kana kuunza zvirango. Chirango chega chega chekutadza kuita basa remutsinhanisi (semuenzaniso, kushaikwa kwehuchapupu) kana kupara mhosva isingachinjike (semuenzaniso, kusaina mabhuroko maviri anopokana mune imwechete slot) kazhinji yakadzikira asi inowedzera mukuenzana nenhamba yevabvumidzi vanoita zvikanganiso zvakafanana panguva imwe chete. . Semuyenzaniso, kushaikwa kweuchapupu humwe chete kana huviri kunoderedza chiyero chemugadzirisi nechikamu chidiki, asi kudzikisira uku kunowedzera zvakanyanya kana kusaita kunodonha - uko akawanda mavhavhavha asiri epamhepo - anoitika.

   
   

Pasi pemaitiro emazuva ano, Bob ane hutsinye anogona kuderedza Alice's validator balance ye 32 ETH kusvika ku50 muzana kuburikidza nekuita zvirango uye kucheka kusvikira iyo validator yabviswa nesimba kubva kuBeacon Chain kubvumirana (mushure mokunge chiyero chayo chinoshanda chinodonha kusvika ku16 ETH). Kana tikashandisa 1 ETH = $2,000, kurwisa kwaBob kunoshungurudza kunodhura Alice zvishoma $32,000 (16 ETH) munyaya yakajairika (hapana chirango chakabatana) uye $64,000 (32 ETH) mumamiriro ezvinhu akaipisisa (kureva, apo chiyero chose chinogona kuderedzwa nekuda kwezvirango zvekubatanidza).

Uyo anogona kuparadza chinhu, anodzora chinhu. — Paul Atreides (Dune)

1. Kumbira rudzikinuro kubva kuna Alice mukutsinhana nekusaita mhosva inoparadza. Izvi hazvinyatsoenderana netsanangudzo yapfuura yekuchema, asi funga kuti nzira yaBob chete ndeye kupisa ETH kana Alice afunga kutamba hardball. Mamiriro acho akasiyana neakajairika marudzi ekurwiswa uko chinangwa chiri (nguva dzose) kuwana purofiti nekurasikirwa kushoma.

Ongorora: Bob (node opareta) anogona kunge akatendeseka mune iyi mamiriro, asi mhandu anogona kukanganisa kiyi yekusimbisa uye kubata Alice's ETH. Izvi zvinotsanangura "kupikisa ngozi" iyo vashandisi ve staking-as-a-service (SaaS) chikuva vanofanira kutakura uye ndicho chimwe chikonzero solo staking-ne "kuvimba hakuna munhu asi iwe pachako" ethos-inoonekwa segoridhe chiyero cheEthereum stakers. .

Izvi zvinoreva here kuti yese isiri- custodial staking sevhisi haisi yekuchengeta? Kwete chaizvo. A simple workaround nderekuti staking service isaine meseji yekuzvidira yekubvisa pachine nguva-zvichida kana iyo validator yaiswa paBeacon Chain-iyo iyo staker inogona kuendesa yakazvimiririra kune Ethereum consensus node pese painoda kubvisa.

Nekufanosaina zvikumbiro zvekubvisa zvekuzvidira kune staker, kurongeka pakati peanobata neanode opareta inodzokera kune yekutanga isiri- custodial chinzvimbo. Nekudaro, mameseji ekukumbira akasaina kare haana kugadzikana nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda:

Matambudziko ane pre-yakasaina zvikumbiro zvekubvisa zvekusina-custodial staking

Kuoma kunzwisisa

Pre-yakasaina zvikumbiro zvekubvisa workflows inoda kutaurirana kwakawanda pakati peanoshanda sevhisi uye mumiriri wesiteki: iwe unofanirwa kuendesa chikumbiro chekubvisa chikumbiro meseji uye kumirira iyo staking sevhisi kutumira zvakasainwa zvikumbiro zvekubvisa. Pane zvakare dambudziko rekuchengetedza kana uchishandisa uye kuchinjanisa pre-yakasaina zvikumbiro zvekubvisa:

• Sevhisi yekusimbisa inofanirwa kutora matanho ekuwedzera-sekuvharidzira meseji yekukumbira yekubvisa uye kuigovana pamusoro peyakachengeteka (off-chain) nzira yekutaurirana-kudzivirira mameseji ekukumbira ekubvisa kuti asawira mumaoko asiri iwo.
• A staker anofanirwa kutora chenjedzo kuti achengete meseji yekukumbira yekubvisa munzvimbo yakachengeteka sezvo kurasikirwa nemeseji yekukumbira yekubvisa kwakaenzana nekutadza kurasikirwa nekugona kubvisa wakazvimirira chiyero chemugadziri.

Pamusoro pezvo, zvikumbiro zvekubvisa zvakasaina zvino zvinoshanda kune maforogo maviri eEthereum kana ~ mwedzi gumi nemiviri-kana uchitarisira kuti maforogo aitike mwedzi mitanhatu yega yega. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mutengi anofanira kuendesa zvakare chikumbiro chekuzvidira kubvisa chikumbiro kune staking service operator kakawanda mugore rekarenda. Izvi hazvichave zvakadaro kana EIP-7044 yaitwa uye yakasainwa zvikumbiro zvekubvisa zvinova zvinoshanda nekusingaperi, zvisinei.

EIP-7044 inogadzirisa nyaya yekupera mameseji ekubuda, asi inounza seti nyowani yezvinetso-kunyanya kumadziva makuru ekubuda. Zvekumashure, nzira yazvino mumadziva akasarudzika ndeyekuda kuti vatsva ve validator node vaendese zvikumbiro zvekubvisa zvakasaina vasati vapihwa mari nedziva. Pano, zvikumbiro zvekusiya zvakasainwa zvinopa kuchengetedzwa kwekriptoeconomic sezvo ichideredza simba iro (asina kuvimbika) anoshanda ane pamusoro pemari yevabvumiri; dziva rinodzika rinogona kukonzeresa chikumbiro chekubvisa cheasinga shandire validator node opareta nekuendesa iyo isati yasaina yekubvisa chikumbiro pa-cheni.

Asi iyo validator node opareta haanyatsonzwa kugadzikana kana pre-yakasaina zvikumbiro zvekubvisa zvakachengetwa pane isina kujairika server nekuda kwenjodzi yemumwe munhu netsaona/maune kukonzeresa zvikumbiro zvekubvisa nekubata meseji yakasainwa yekubuda. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akaipisisa, kubuda kwekumanikidzwa kungangokonzera kurasikirwa kwea validator node opareta (semuenzaniso, kana iwe wakatora chikwereti uchipokana neramangwana Beacon Chain mibairo). Izvi zvinoreva kuti madziva anofanirwa kutora matanho ekuchengetedza uye kuchengetedza mameseji ekukumbira kubvisa zvakachengeteka, kunyanya munyika yepashure-EIP 7044 umo zvikumbiro zvekubvisa zvakasainwa zvine mazuva asingaperi ekupera.

Mhinduro ingangove ndeye encrypt yakasainwa zvikumbiro zvekubvisa nekiyi yeruzhinji yakagovaniswa inogadzirwa kuburikidza neDKG (Distributed Key Generation) protocol , uye inoda quorum yemakiyi makiyi kuti igadzirise kiyi yakavanzika chikumbiro chekubvisa chisati chadzimwa. Izvi zvinoderedza fungidziro yekuvimba inouya nebato rimwe chete rinochengeta zvikumbiro zvekubvisa, chero pasina munhu anodzora makiyi akakwana kuti anyore unilaterally zvikumbiro zvekubvisa zvakasaina pasina kupinza kubva kune vamwe vatori vechikamu. Asi nyaya yemupendero inooneka kana imwe kana mamwe makiyi ega ega akarasika, akarasika, kana kubiwa-zvichiita kuti zviome, kana kuti zvisaite, kubvisa chikumbiro chekubvisa chakasainwa kana zvichikonzera kubviswa kwemutsigiri.

Regulatory kutevedza

Masevhisi eStaking akawana kuongororwa kwakawanda kubva kune alphabet soup yevatongi, kunyanya iyo SEC (Securities and Exchanges Commission) inotungamirwa nemuvengi weruzhinji wecrypto 1: Gary Gensler. Semuenzaniso, Kraken akavhara mashandiro ayo ekuchengetedza-se-sevhisi kutanga kwegore rino uye akabhadhara madhora mamirioni makumi matatu efaindi ye "kupa zvibatiso zvisina kunyoreswa kuburikidza ne crypto staking platform."

Mupfungwa, iyo isiri- custodial staking sevhisi haigone kubatwa mu SEC's crosshairs nekuda kwekusachengetedzwa kwechimiro chehurongwa hwayo nemuridzi wesiteki:

1. Iyo 32 ETH (kana yakawanda ye 32 ETH) dhipoziti yekumisikidza inosimbisa inobva kune yekubvisa kero inodzorwa neanobata-uye protocol inoratidza kero yekubvisa semuridzi we32 ETH deposit. Izvi zvinoreva kuti iyo isiri-custodial staking sevhisi haigone kubvisa chiyero chemugadziri uye "kubatanidza mari yevatengi neyayo" sekupomerwa kwaKraken kuita neSEC.

Mukuchinjana seKraken, chikwama chemushandisi chiri "chaiyo" sezvo mari yese yemutengi inobatwa mune imwechete kana kupfuura wallet inodzorwa nekuchinjana. Saka kana iwe ukabata 32 ETH kuburikidza nekuchengetedza staking sevhisi inofambiswa nekuchinjana, chauinacho chaizvo iOU kubva mukuchinjana uchivimbisa kudzosera 32 ETH (pamwe nezana muzana yemubairo wevabvumiri) pese paunoda kubvisa.

1. Stakers inogona kuzvimiririra kubvisa mari nekuendesa pre-yakasaina kubuda pasina kuisa njodzi yekuti hutsinye hwekuita sevhisi inodzivirira kubvisa. Kusiyana neizvi, sevhisi yekuchengetedza-kunyanya kuchinjana seKraken-ine kutonga kwezvinhu zvemutambi uye inogona kuvharira kubvisa nekuda kwezvikonzero.

Aya maidi maviri anobvisa kudiwa kwe "invest kuchengetedzwa"; Ini handisi nyanzvi yezvematongerwo enyika, saka regererai chero kukanganisa mumutsara uyu wekufunga. Asi panogona kunge kuchine kakuwonyana kana maviri kana uri kuita sevhisi, isiri-yekuchengetedza staking sevhisi nhasi:

• Kwenguva pfupi (kana zvichida yakareba) pakati pekuita activator uye kutumira kusati kwasaina kusaina kubuda kwekuzvidira kune staker, iyo staking sevhisi inodzora iyo 32 ETH-iyo inoita kuti "ichengete" mumaziso emutongi. Kuwedzera kuwedzera dambudziko ndeyemazuva mapfupi ekupera kweasati asainwa ekubuda (pre-EIP 7044): pakati penguva iyo meseji nyowani yekubuda inosainwa uye inotumirwa kune staker, iyo validator node opareta ine humwe kutonga pamusoro peiyo staked ETH.
• Nepo mameseji enguva dzose ekubuda achitepfenyurwa pa-cheni uye achionekwa pachena, kubuda kwasati kwasaina kunoda kuvharirwa uye kugovaniswa off-cheni pachivande pakati penode opareta uye staker. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvinyanye kuomera munhu wechitatu semutongi kuona kuti sevhisi yekubuda yakasaina zvechokwadi chinangwa chekubuda sechikamu chechibvumirano chekutanga chedhipoziti-kana kana shanduko ikadzokororwa kana meseji yekubuda yapera (kureva, pre. -EIP 7004).

Muchidimbu: kubuda kwasati kwasaina kunoderedza mamwe matambudziko neakatumwa staking, asi hakuna kukwana kuita staking paEthereum kusavimbika, kuchengeteka, uye decentralized. Kuisa iyo "isina-chekuchengeta" kumashure mune isiri- custodial staking, tinoda mhinduro iri nani-iyo yatinayo ikozvino, nekuda kweEIP-7002. Zvikamu zvinotevera zvichabata EIP-7002 zvakadzama uye kubata pane zvakanakira zvakasiyana zveEIP pamwe nezvinogoneka zvine chekuita nekuzviita.

Mhedziso yeEIP-7002: Kuuraya-layer triggerable withdrawals

EIP-7002 inogadzirisa dambudziko remukuru-mumiriri mune yakatumwa staking-apo vatengesi vanofanirwa kuvimba neadhivhadhi node vanoshanda kufanosaina zvikumbiro zvekubvisa, kana kukudza zvikumbiro zvekubvisa mune ramangwana - nekuunza itsva yekuzvidira yekubvisa oparesheni iyo inogona kukonzereswa nemvumo yekubvisa. Izvi zvinopa simba kune vanobata basa kuti vabvise ETH yakatemerwa pasina kuvimba nesangano rine kiyi yekusaina yeanosimbisa (kureva, sevhisi yekumisikidza mune yakatumwa staking set) kugadzirisa kubvisa.

EIP-7002's yakakosha ficha ndiko kuunzwa kweiyo stateful validator yekubvisa chikumbiro kontrakiti inochengetedza mutsara wezvikumbiro zvekubvisa zvikumbiro zvinobva padanho rekuuraya. Nenguva nenguva, zvikumbiro zvinoverengeka zvekubvisa zvinobviswa kubva pamutsetse uye zvinowedzerwa kuchikumbiro chekuuraya cheBeacon Chain block. Izvi zvinobvumira zvikumbiro zvekubvisa kubva muchikamu chekuuraya kuti "chipiwe" muchikamu chekubvumirana uye chigadziriswe sechikamu cheBeacon Chain mashandiro-zvakafanana nemafambisirwo anoitwa mari kubva mukontrakiti yedhipoziti inopfuudzwa kubva pakuurayiwa kuenda kune yekubvumirana layer kuti igadziriswe.

Kubvisa zvikumbiro ndezvenguva dzose zveEthereum kutengeserana nekero yebvumirano yemvumo sechinangwa uye kuratidza chinangwa chekubvisa mugadziri (inozivikanwa nekiyi yayo yeruzhinji). A validator kubvisa meseji inoshanda kana (a) yakasainwa nekero yeEthereum inotaridzwa muvharivhari yekuuraya-layer ( 0x01 ) yekubvisa credential (b) iyo validator kuti ibviswe inoshanda paBeacon Chain. Aya macheki anoitwa neyakabvumiranwa layer mushure mekunge chikumbiro chekubvisa chaenda kuBeacon Chain; iyo validator yekubvisa chikumbiro chibvumirano inongosimbisa kana yekubvisa chikumbiro chekutengesa ichibhadhara gasi rakakwana panguva iyo chibvumirano chekubvisa chikumbiro chinodanwa ne staker.

Yese kuuraya-layer zvikumbiro zvekubvisa zvinogadziriswa nenzira imwechete seyenguva dzose yekuzvidira yekubvisa chikumbiro oparesheni inokonzeresa kubva pakubvumirana-layer, iyo inochengetedza zvipingamupinyi zvakapoteredza zvikumbiro zvinotenderwa zvekubvisa kubva kune inoshanda validator kubvisa. EIP-7002's in-protocol nzira yekuendesa zvikumbiro zvekubvisa pakati pekuuraya uye kubvumirana zvikamu zvakare inobvisa kudiwa kwekubatanidza kune yekubvumirana node kukonzeresa zvikumbiro zvekubvisa (izvo zvinodikanwa pakubvisa zvikumbiro nezvikumbiro zvekubvisa zvakasaina). Validators vanogona ikozvino kupihwa mari uye kubviswa kubva kune imwecheteyo kuuraya-layer kero, iyo inotsanangura zita reEIP se "Execution-Layer Triggerable Withdrawals".

Taona kuti EIP-7002 inoshanda sei padanho repamusoro, isu tinokwanisa ikozvino kuongorora zvakadzama zveEIP. Chikamu chinotevera chinovhara iyo yazvino kutsanangurwa kweEIP-7002 uye kukurukura zvakakosha zveiyo validator yekubvisa yekukumbira nzira. Kana ukada kusvetuka nhaurirano yehunyanzvi uye woongorora zvakanakira kushandisa EIP-7002, unogona kusvetukira kuchikamu chinotevera-chinoratidza dzimwe gadziriso dze staking mushandisi ruzivo (UX) iyo EIP-7002 inogonesa.

Validator kubvisa chikumbiro mabasa

Maererano neEIP-7002, chikumbiro chekubvisa chevatenderi (chinotsanangurwa mupseudocode add_withdrawal_request() ) CALL kune iyo inobvumidza kubvisa chikumbiro kero yekondirakiti. Iyo yekutengeserana ndima yekufona kune validator yekubvisa chikumbiro chibvumirano ine maitiro maviri:

• source_address : A 20-byte value inomiririra kero yekubvisa iyo yatanga kutengeserana
• validator_pubkey : Kukosha kwe48-byte inomiririra kiyi yeruzhinji yevabvumidzi kuti ibude.

Mushure mekunge mutengi afonera kondirakiti yekukumbira yekubvisa neiyo validator_pubkey sekuisa, iyo validator yekubvisa chikumbiro kondirakiti inoita mabasa anotevera (ini ndichaenda pamusoro pezvikamu zvakakosha zveichi oparesheni zvino):

• Inoratidza kuti kutengeserana kunobhadhara gasi rinokwana kuvhara EXIT_FEE
• Inowedzera kaunda yekubuda ( EXIT_COUNT ) neimwe yebhuroko razvino
• Inopinza meseji yekubuda mumutsetse
• Inowedzera kubviswa kwakawandisa kweiyo block block ( EXCESS_EXITS ) neimwe
• Dzosera munhu anenge afona — kana abhadharira gasi zvakawandisa—nekutumira mari inokwana 2300 gasi ( EXCESS_RETURN_GAS_STIPEND )

Chinhu chakakosha: chibvumirano chekubvisa chikumbiro hachitarise kana source_address iriyo kero yekubvisa yeanosimbisa anoonekwa na validator_pubkey , uye haatarise kana validator_pubkey . Izvi zvinoburitsa pachena nyaya yekuchengeteka inogona kumuka kana munhu anorwisa achizadza mutsara nemashoko anozotadza kubudirira; uku ndiko kurwiswa kunoshungurudza nechinangwa chekudzivirira kugadziriswa kwezvikumbiro zvekubvisa zviri pamutemo. EIP-7002 inogadzirisa dambudziko iri nekuchaja muripo wekugadzirisa zvine simba pakubvisa chikumbiro chekutengeserana (iyo nzira yekubvisa mubhadharo inokurukurwa gare gare).

Maximum uye chinangwa chekubvisa pa block

MAX_WITHDRAWAL_REQUESTS_PER_BLOCK

MAX_WITHDRAWAL_REQUESTS_PER_BLOCK inhamba yezvikumbiro zvekubvisa zvikumbiro zvinogona kuiswa muBrokoni yeBeacon Chain. Ukoshi uhwu parizvino hwakaiswa ku16 kuratidza mashandiro akafanana paBeacon Chain, VoluntaryExit (kubuda maoparesheni akakonzeresa kubva pachibvumirano chechibvumirano nekiyi yekusimbisa ye staker).

Izvo zvinotsanangurwa zvakare zvinoti kuseta MAX_WITHDRAWAL_REQUESTS_PER_BLOCK kusvika gumi nematanhatu kunosungira saizi yekutemerwa miripo-uye nekuwedzera, saizi yeBeacon Chain inovhara-uye inoderedza pamusoro pekugadzirisa mashandiro ekubuda pachikamu chekubvumirana. Izvi zvinobatsira sezvo isu tichigona kutarisira kuti mamwe mastaker aenderere mberi achibuda evagadzirisi vachishandisa iyo yazvino nzira yekukonzeresa kubuda kubva muchibvumirano chechibvumirano (kureva, kuburikidza neyakasainwa yekubuda kana chaiyo-nguva yekuzvidira mameseji).

TARGET_WITHDRAWAL_REQUESTS_PER_BLOCK

EIP-7002 ne theoretically inobvumira anosvika gumi nematanhatu execution-layer exit oparesheni kuti ibatanidzwe mubhuroko, asi inonongedza fungidziro yakawedzera yekubuda mairi pablock. Maererano nezvinotsanangurwa , TARGET_WITHDRAWAL_REQUESTS_PER_BLOCK yakaiswa ku2 kuti isungirire churn rate yezvinobatidza uye kuchengetedza isingachinji pakubvisa kunobvumidzwa kunobvumidzwa panguva inotsanangurwa neBeacon Chain's get_validator_churn_limit() kushanda-kunyangwe mumamiriro ezvinhu apo ETH yese yakabatwa.

Mutsara wechikumbiro chevalidator

WITHDRAWAL_REQUEST_COUNT

WITHDRAWAL_REQUEST_COUNT inhamba yezvikumbiro zvekubvisa zvinosanganisirwa mubhuroko razvino. Mushure mekufona kwega kwega kune inobvumidza kubvisa chikumbiro chekondirakiti, kukosha kwe WITHDRAWAL_REQUEST_COUNT musiyano wakachengetwa mudura rekondirakiti inowedzerwa neimwe (inotsanangurwa mupseudocode se increment_count() ).

Chero nguva, kukosha kwe WITHDRAWAL_REQUEST_COUNT kuchave pakati TARGET_WITHDRAWAL_REQUESTS_PER_BLOCK (2) MAX_WITHDRAWAL_REQUESTS_PER_BLOCK (16) zvichienderana nekuti mangani ekukumbira kubvisa anowedzerwa pamubhadharo we block. WITHDRAWAL_REQUEST_COUNT zvakare inoisa kune basa iro rinoverengera mari ichabhadharwa nekutsva kwechikumbiro chekubvisa ( MIN_WITHDRAWAL_REQUEST_FEE ).

ZVIKUMBIRWA ZVOKURERA ZVAKAWANDA

EXCESS_WITHDRAWAL_REQUESTS ndiwo mutsauko uripo pakati MAX_WITHDRAWAL_REQUESTS_PER_BLOCK TARGET_WITHDRAWAL_REQUESTS_PER_BLOCK -nhamba yezvikumbiro zvekubvisa zvakasiiwa zvisina kushandiswa nebhuroko razvino. Sezvataurwa, block yega yega inogona kusanganisira inokwana gumi nematanhatu zvikumbiro zvekubvisa asi yakanangana nezvikumbiro zviviri zvekubvisa mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa, saka EXCESS_WITHDRAWAL_REQUESTS yakaenzana ne "musiyano uripo pakati pezvikumbiro zvingani zvekubvisa izvo block inogona kushandisa uye kuti zvingani zvikumbiro zvekubvisa zviri kunyatso shandisa".

Kondirakiti yekubvisa yakawandisa kaunda inovandudzwa zvichienderana nekushandiswa kweyekupedzisira block uye chimwe chinhu (pakati pezvimwe) chinotarisa muripo unobhadharwa nekutengeserana kunodaidza iyo validator yekubvisa chikumbiro chibvumirano. Izvi zvinovimbisa kuti mari yekubvisa inotengeswa maererano nekushandiswa kwemazuva ano, iyo yakafanana neEIP -1559 kuverenga base_fee yebhuroko idzva inotarirwa zvichienderana nemusiyano pakati pechinangwa chegasi uye gasi rinoshandiswa nechekare.

WITHDRAWAL_REQUEST_QUEUE

WITHDRAWAL_REQUEST_QUEUE irondedzero yezvese zvikumbiro zvekubvisa zvakamirira (zvakarongwa maererano nekusvika) zvakachengetwa muchibvumirano chemutsinhanisi WITHDRAWAL_REQUEST_QUEUE_STORAGE_SLOT (se WITHDRAWAL_REQUEST_QUEUE_HEAD_STORAGE_SLOT ne WITHDRAWAL_REQUEST_QUEUE_TAIL_STORAGE_SLOT ) Huwandu hwezvikumbiro zvekubvisa mari mumutsara hunogona kudzikiswa, asi MAX_WITHDRAWAL_REQUESTS_PER_BLOCK mwero inoganhura kuti zvingani zvakamirira zvikumbiro zvekubvisa zvinogona kubviswa mubhuroko rimwe nerimwe.

Mutsara wekukumbira wekubvisa unochengetedza "musoro" uye "muswe" index-zvose zvichingoreva seti yezvikumbiro pedyo nekutanga uye kupera kwemutsara-iyo inovandudzwa mushure mekuvhara kwega kwega kuti ive nekugadzirisa kwechimwe kana chikumbiro chekubvisa. Uyu ndiwo mutsetse wekutanga-mu-yekutanga-kunze (FIFO), saka zvikumbiro zvinoitwa zvinoenderana nenguva yazvinowedzerwa pamutsetse-une zvine chekuita nekuchengetedzeka, kunyanya kwakatenderedza kusuwa kwevakavimbika vanosimbisa.

Validator kubvisa mari yekondirakiti

MIN_WITHDRAWAL_REQUEST_FEE imari iyo kero inodaidzira mutsigiri wekubvisa chikumbiro chekubvisa kuti abvise anofanira kubhadhara negasi. Asati MIN_WITHDRAWAL_REQUEST_FEE chikumbiro chekubvisa pamutsetse, kondirakiti yekubvisa yekubvisa inotarisisa kuti mubhadharo wegesi wakasungirirwa pakutengeserana wakaenzana kana kudarika kukosha kwazvino kweMIN_WITHDRAWAL_REQUEST_FEE -kana kutengeserana kwasara gasi mushure mekuita zvinobudirira, kero yekutumira inopihwa 2300 chaiyo. gasi.

Zvinoenderana nezvakatsanangurwa, dhizaini iyi inotevera iyo ikozvino-yakadzikiswa chimiro muSolidity, apo invoking the fallback() basa mukontrakiti yekuenda kana kutumira ETH kuburikidza transfer() kana send() kumberi stipend ye2300 gasi kune anogamuchira. Shanduko mumitengo yegasi (kutanga neForogo yeBerlin/Istanbul) yakadzora kushandiswa kwechinhu ichi (verenga Stop Using Solidity's transfer() Zvino kune mamwe mamiriro), asi iyo yekutanga pfungwa yeyakapusa gasi accounting system ichiri kubatsira. Muchirevo cheEIP-7002, kutumira yakagadziriswa kudzoserwa kwe2300 gasi kunorerutsa nzira yemubhadharo weiyo validator yekubvisa chikumbiro chibvumirano.

Imwe nzira ndeyekugadzira nzira yakakosha inobvumira chibvumirano chekubvisa chikumbiro kuti chidzose huwandu hwegasi hwakasara kubva mukutengeserana. Izvi zvine musoro, kunyanya panguva dzekuti kero yekubvisa ndeye EOA-smart makondirakiti anogona kuverenga chaiwo kukosha MIN_WITHDRAWAL_REQUEST_FEE nekutarisa mamiriro ekondirakiti, asi maEOAs angangotumira gasi rakawanda pakufona kwega kwega kuchibvumirano chekubvisa. Iyi nzira inowedzera kuoma kwekugadzirwa kweEIP-7002 vs. kushandisa CALL iri nyore kuendesa mberi mari yakatarwa yegesi sekudzorera; kunyange hazvo, vanyori veEIP-7002 vanoratidza kuti chimiro ichi chinogona kuverengerwa mukutsanangurwa kwekupedzisira zvichienderana nemhinduro kubva kune vane chekuita.

Kuverengera MIN_WITHDRAWAL_REQUEST_FEE ndipo panonakidza zvinhu. Mari yekukumbira yekubvisa ine simba uye yakagadzirirwa kupindura mamiriro etiweki, akafanana nemari yepasi yakaunzwa neEIP-1559, uye ibasa remhando nhatu:

• Mari yepasi (base) yekubvisa: MIN_WITHDRAWAL_REQUEST_FEE
• Huwandu hwekubvisa zvakawandisa pablock iripo: EXCESS_WITHDRAWAL_REQUESTS
• Nzira yekuvandudza muripo wekubvisa mari yekubvisa: WITHDRAWAL_REQUEST_FEE_UPDATE_FRACTION

Kufanana neEIP-1559's base_fee , muripo wekubuda kwechibvumirano chemvumo inzira yekumisa chiyero: muavhareji kesi (zvikumbiro zviviri pabhuroka), chero munhu anodana mvumo yekubvisa chikumbiro chemvumo anogona kutarisira kubhadhara mari shoma yekubvisa, asi mutengo we basa rekubvisa zvishoma nezvishoma rinowedzera zvikumbiro zvekubvisa zvinosanganisirwa mubhuroko. Izvi zvinogona kutorwa kubva kuEIP-7002's formal specification yekuvandudza mari yekubvisa mari : withdrawal_request_fee = MIN_WITHDRAWAL_REQUEST_FEE * e**(excess_withdrawal_requests / WITHDRAWAL_REQUEST_FEE_UPDATE_FRACTION) .

Tsananguro yenzira yekubvisa mari yekukumbira kubva pane zvakatemwa:

"Maitiro eblock-by-block angangoita seanotevera: Kana block N ikaita X zvikumbiro zvekubvisa, ipapo pakupera kweblock N excess_withdrawal_requests zvinowedzera ne X - TARGET_WITHDRAWAL_REQUESTS_PER_BLOCK , uye saka kubvisa_kukumbira_mubhadharo mu block N + 1 inowedzera nechinhu che e**((X - TARGET_WITHDRAWAL_REQUESTS_PER_BLOCK) / (WITHDRAWAL_REQUEST_FEE_UPDATE_FRACTION) Nokudaro, ine maitiro akafanana neEIP-1559 iripo, asi "yakadzikama" mupfungwa yekuti inopindura nenzira imwechete kune zvikumbiro zvekubvisa zvachose zvakagoverwa nekufamba kwenguva. .”

Nekuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma mari yekukumbira yekubvisa zvinoenderana nekushandiswa kwechibvumirano chekubvisa chikumbiro, EIP-7002 inoderedza njodzi yeanorwisa achizadza nemaune mutsara wekukumbira wekubvisa kudzivirira vamwe vanosimbisa kubva pakubvisa. Yeuka mameseji mumutsara wekukumbira wekubvisa anotemwa uye mune yekutanga-mu-yekutanga-kunze (FiFo) maitiro akasiyana, toti, yekupedzisira-mu-yekutanga-kunze (LiFo) kana yepamusoro-yekubhadhara-yekutanga-yekutanga kurongeka. Nepo isu tichigona kufunga kuti mitengo yegasi ichadzivirira kufona kusingakodzeri kuchibvumirano chekubvisa, munhu anorova ane hutsinye angave achida kubhadhara gasi rakawanda kuti "aise" mutsetse wechikumbiro chekubvisa uye kusundidzira chikumbiro chekubvisa cheumwe mugadziri kusvika kumagumo emutsara.

Dambudziko rinowedzerwa nepakati pekuvaka block mu post-Merge Ethereum. Kana munhu anorwisa akabatanidzwa nemumwe kana kuti vakawanda vanovaka (nokuda kwemamiriro ezvinhu: 80-90% yezvivharo kusvika nhasi paEthereum yakagadzirwa ne4-5 vavaki ) uye anoda kubhadhara kune-top-of-the-block inclusion, ivo. inogona kunyatso kutungamira zvikumbiro zvekubvisa kubva kune mumwe kana akawanda staker uye kudzivirira kubviswa panguva kwevagadziri kubva kuBeacon Chain.

Uye nei munhu upi noupi angapfuura nomukushushikana kwose ikoko? Kukurudzira kunogona kunge kuri kwekuti munhu anorwisa anoda kuchemedza vateki vanoshuvira kubvisa vagadzirisi vachishandisa magwaro ekubvisa. Kushandisa yakapfuura yaBob the (akashata) node opareta uye Alice muteki: Alice anogona kukurumidza kubvisa mugadzirisi wake kuti adzivise kurwiswa kwaBob nekufonera mumiriri wekubvisa chikumbiro chibvumirano nemvumo yekubvisa-asi Bob anogona kuramba achizvipa zvakawanda kuti adonhedze Alice. validator chiyero ne spamming iyo validator kubvisa chikumbiro chibvumirano uye kunonoka kubvisa chikumbiro chaAlice.

Block chimiro uye chokwadi

EIP-7002 inoshandura zvishoma chimiro uye kusimbiswa kweBeacon blocks nekuda kuti zvikumbiro zvekubvisa zviiswe mumuviri chaiwo we block (uye kuurayiwa kwekubhadhara mubhadharo muchibvumirano chekubvumirana). Zvikumbiro zvinofanirwa kuiswa mumubhadharo wekuuraya zvekuti chero nguva yekubvumirana ikasaitika, chikamu chekubvumirana chichiri nedata rinodiwa kuti riite zvizere chikamu chekubvumirana chebasa reshanduko yehurumende.

EIP-7002 inowedzerawo mamiriro matsva echokwadi emabhuraki. Chekutanga, rondedzero yezvikumbiro zvekubvisa ( withdrawal_requests_list ) haikwanise kudarika MAX_WITHDRAWAL_REQUESTS_PER_BLOCK . Chechipiri, runyorwa rwezvikumbiro zvekubvisa runofanira kuenderana nenhamba yezvikumbiro zvekubvisa zvakabviswa kubva WITHDRAWAL_REQUEST_QUEUE kana zvikumbiro zvakadaro zvarongwa mune yekutanga-in-yekutanga-kunze (FiFO) kurongeka.

EIP-7002 ine basa ( expected_exit ) rekusimbisa kuti bhurobhu haisanganisi zvikumbiro zvekubvisa zvakawanda pane zvabuda pakombiyuta NUM_WITHDRAWAL_REQUESTS_IN_QUEUE - MAX_WITHDRAWAL_REQUESTS_PER_BLOCK . Zvakare, node yekubvumirana kuita zvakare bhuroka ichazvimiririra kuverengera encoding yezvikumbiro zvekubvisa nekudzokorora request_type uye request_data zvichienzaniswa nekuzvipira kwehashi yekubvisa chikumbiro rondedzero.

Sei EIP-7002? Nyaya yekuuraya-layer triggerable withdrawals

Kudzikisira fungidziro dzekuvimba mune dzakatumirwa staking

Munhanganyaya, ndakacherechedza kuti kuvimba nekiyi yekusaina yekusimbisa kuti atange kubuda kwevabvumiri kwakaunza dambudziko rekuvimba; Ini handina kuisa tsananguro yekuvimba, asi tsananguro iyi kubva kuVitalik's Trust Models chinyorwa inoipfupisa zvakanaka: "Vimba ifungidziro chero ipi zvayo yaunoita nezvemaitiro evamwe vanhu". Nekusaina kusaina sevhisi yekubata, kuziva ane hutsinye node opareta anogona kumisa kubvisa, staker ari kunyanya kuvimba node opareta kuti aite akatendeka.

EIP-7002 haibvisi zvachose chinhu chekuvimba mune yakatumwa staking - iwe uchiri kuvimba nenode opareta kuti asaite kurwisa kunosuruvarisa - asi kugonesa mastaker kuti abve aine magwaro ekubvisa kunoderedza mutoro wekuvimba kusvika pamwero wakati. Semuenzaniso, mushandisi haafanire "kuva nekutenda" kuti node opareta anosaina akazvipira kubuda meseji kana angoikumbira.

Chinhu chakajeka nezve "kusavimbika" ndechekuti haisi nyaya yekudzivisa kukosha kwekuvimba, asi nezvekusada kuvimba nekuti (a) kune zvinokurudzira zvakasimba kuti mapato ese aite zvakatendeseka (b) mapato akatendeseka ane mwero we dziviriro kubva kuzviito zvemapato asina kuvimbika. Iko kugona kubvisa mumiriri ane magwaro ekubvisa muenzaniso weyekupedzisira: Bob anogona kuedza kushungurudza Alice, asi iye zvino Alice ane agency yekubvisa mugadzirisi wake, netarisiro Bob asati aita imwe kukuvara.

Nani njodzi utariri kuti staking madziva

Parizvino, madziva ekugadzirisa haana nzira yekumanikidza mugadziri we node kuti abvise-izvo zvinoisa vatsigiri vedziva munzvimbo isina kugadzikana yekuvimba nevashandisi ve node kuti vaite vakatendeseka. Mamwe madziva akadzika midzi anoda kuti vashandisi ve node vape bond, asi zvichipihwa mukana wekuti mushandisi ane hutsinye adimburwe kusvika ku0 ETH, chengetedzo kubva pachisungo inogona kunge isina kukwana mumaziso eanopikisa ngozi.

Iine EIP-7002 munzvimbo, madziva ekutemesa anogona kuderedza zvakanyanya fungidziro nekuzadzisa chengetedzo kubva mukutyisidzirwa kwekupwanya chibatiso cheanodhiraivha nemaitiro ekubvisa zvine chisimba mushandisi asina hunhu kuburikidza neanouraya layer yekubvisa. Iko mukana wekubvisa zvitupa zvinonongedza kukero yekontrakiti yakangwara (panzvimbo yeEOA) inovhurawo magadzirirwo matsva emhinduro yezviitiko zvemadziva emvura - semuenzaniso, kontrakiti yakangwara inogona kutumira chikumbiro chekubvisa otomatiki kana mushandisi akapa zvirango zvepamusoro-kupfuura-avhareji mukati. hwindo renguva. Izvi zvinoda kuvimba neoracle yekutevera validator kuita, uye muchengeti network kukonzeresa chibvumirano chakangwara, zvisinei.

Imwe fungidziro yekubatsira dziva rekusimudzira kubva pakushandisa EIP-7002 iri kunzvenga kukosha kwekukumbira uye kuchengeta pre-yakasainwa yekubvisa mameseji, anouya nenjodzi sezvandambotsanangura (semuenzaniso, kusatenderwa kuwana mameseji ekubvisa kunogona kukonzera kusingatarisirwe kubvumikisa. withdrawals). Izvi zvinobatsirawo kuchinangwa chekugadzira madziva ekusavimbika: kusiyana nekuvimba nezvikumbiro zvekubvisa zvakasaina zvakachengetwa nevanhu vashoma (vakavimbika), kontrakiti yakangwara inosarudzwa sekero yekubvisa inogona kudzorwa nekutonga-kugonesa nharaunda kusarudza. kubvisa node opareta pachena uye pachena.

Zvirinani manejimendi enjodzi yeDVT setups

Distributed validator tekinoroji (DVT) inoonekwa sechikamu chakakosha cheEthereum staking zvivakwa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda:

• DVT inoderedza zvipingamupinyi kune solo staking: akawanda solo staker anogona kuunganidza mari pamwe chete kuti aite mubatanidzwa activator pasina kuvimba nerimwe bato. Multiparty computation (MPC) zvirongwa zvinokwanisa kushivirira kusvika ⅓ node dzisina kunaka-saka kana fungidziro yakagovaniswa inosimbisa ichida 3-ye-5 makiyi makiyi ekuvakazve kiyi yekusaina yekusimbisa, kusaina kunogona kuitika kana mbiri DVT node dzisiri pamhepo.
• DVT inovandudza kukanganisa kushivirira uye kusimba kwemasangano / solo staking setups: Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro, kiyi yekusaina yekusimbisa inogona kupatsanurwa kuita makiyi akasiyana uye kuvakwazve chete kana kusaina block data kuchidikanwa. Izvi zvinodzikisira njodzi yehacker inokanganisa kiyi yekusaina, kana kuti staker kurasikirwa nekuwana mari nekuti mudziyo unochengeta kiyi yekusaina wakuvadzwa.

Nekudaro, DVT setups ichiri kutakura imwe njodzi kune vanobata nekuda kwenzira yekubvisa uye kubuda iko zvino kushanda paBeacon Chain. Kana mamwe maDVT node akarasika makiyi kana kuramba kutora chikamu muchirongwa chekusaina, kubuda mugadziriso hazvigoneke-kunyanya kana:

• Makiyi emutori wechikamu ega ega mugadziriro yeDVT anogadzirwa panguva yekumisikidza chibatiso uye hachigone "kuzorodzwa" mushure memutambo wekutanga weDKG (ona kuti "mutori wechikamu" anogona kungova imwe EOA inobatwa neanobata zvakafanana); mamwe maprotocol eDVT anobvumira kuti makiyi makiyi matsva agadzirwe, kunyangwe izvi zvingada makiyi asara kuti asangane nenhamba yemasiginecha anodiwa pakusaina nguva dzose.
• Iyo quorum threshold — nhamba yemakiyiwa anodiwa kuti aite pamwe chete siginecha inoshanda kune yakagoverwa validator — haigone kuchinjwa kana iyo (yakagoverwa) validator yashanda.

Pasina EIP-7002 ichipa sarudzo yekubvisa chibatiso uchishandisa kiyi yekubvisa, bhenefiti yekumhanyisa DVT setup-yakazvimirira kana mukoniti nevamwe vagadzirisi-inogona kuderedzwa zvakanyanya (semuenzaniso, chiyero chevhavhavha chinogona kuvharwa zvachose). EIP-7002 inopa yekudzokera kumashure kuchengetedza sarudzo kune yakagoverwa mavhaidhi: kana kuvakazve kiyi yekusaina isingagoneke, iyo validator inogona kubviswa kubva kuBeacon chain nekuendesa chikumbiro chekubvisa chakasainwa nekiyi yekubvisa yakavakwazve kubva ku keyshares.

Zvirinani kudzora kutevedza: Kuisa iyo "isina-kuchengeta" mune isiri-yekuchengetedza staking.

Hazvigoneki kuti vanyori veEIP-7002 vakanyatso tsanangura nechinangwa chekuita kuti zvive nyore kumhanyisa kambani inodzorwa yestaking-sevhisi. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, iyo EIP inobatsira padambudziko rekunyengetedza vatongi venzvimbo yekusachengeta ETH yakabatwa. A staking opareta muchiitiko ichi anogona kungopa hashi yedhipoziti yetransaction yakasainwa nestaker's withdrawal key-iyo yava kukwanisa kusaina nekuendesa kubuda nekuzvidira-sehumboo hwekuti mari yakaiswa muaidhipoziti haimbofa yakachengetwa chero nguva.

Ndakasimbisa "chero nguva nenguva" sezvo, pre-EIP 7044, node opareta inotora kwenguva pfupi kutonga kweyevha yeavhavhavha mushure mekunge iyo isati yasaina yekubuda yapera. Uye kunyangwe neEIP-7044's isingaperi inosaina yekubuda, ma node operators achine chengetedzo ye32 ETH yakaiswa kune inosimbisa kwenguva pfupi pakati peiyo validator activation uye staker achigamuchira yakasainwa yekubuda meseji kubva kune staking service operator. EIP-7002 inobvisa nzvimbo idzi dzisina kunaka uye inoita kuti vatengesi vane (zvinogoneka) kuchengetedza mari mukati mehupenyu hwemugadziri - kubva pakupinda muBeacon Chain kubvisa uye kutumira mari kune kero yekubvisa.

Zvirinani staking mushandisi ruzivo (UX) kune vese

Muenzaniso wakanaka wepfungwa weEIP-7002 ndeyekufunga nezvayo se " account abstraction for staking infrastructure". Panyaya, kiyi yekusimbisa (kana kiyi yekusaina) inogara iri EOA uye inouya neseti yakafanana yezvipingamupinyi zvakatenderedza yakavanzika kiyi chengetedzo uye mashandisiro anokanganisa akajairwa Ethereum EOAs nhasi:

• Validator (kusaina) makiyi ari panjodzi huru yekukanganiswa. Kusiyana nemakiyi ekubvisa akachengetwa munzvimbo inotonhora (isina online), makiyi evhadhita anochengetwa mumawallet anopisa akabatana neInternet-achiita kuti vatapurirwe nekurwiswa kwe phishing. Kana kiyi yekusaina yea validator ikakanganisika, stakers nevakapihwa staking vapeji vanotapukirwa nevanoshungurudza vectors vanotsanangurwa munhanganyaya pasina chirongwa chekudzokera kumashure-kupfuura "kumirira kusvika chiyero chadonha kusvika ku16 ETH uye iyo validator ichibviswa zvine simba neprotocol".
• Makiyi eValidator ane mashoma sarudzo dzezvirongwa zvekudzoreredza (kurasikirwa nazvo kamwe = kurasikirwa nazvo zvachose). Kupatsanura kiyi yekusimbisa mumakiyi akawanda kuburikidza neakagoverwa validator tekinoroji (DVT) inogona kudzikamisa iyi njodzi, asi kumhanya wega DVT staking setup haisi diki; Uyezve, sezvandakatsanangura kare, DVT haisi bara resirivheri sezvo makiyi anogona kurasika uye kuomesera kuzorodza makiyi.
• Validator makiyi haakwanise kutsigira mamwe anochinjika staking magadzirirwo. Masevhisi akasiyana e staking akachinja otomatiki / anochinjika mafambiro emari evagadziri nekuda kwekubatsira kwekunongedza magwaro ekubvisa kune akangwara zvibvumirano. Kubvisa validator ibasa remanyorero rinoda kusaina meseji yekuzvidira yekubvisa-maitiro anogona kuitwa otomatiki nechibvumirano chakangwara chinochengeta zvikumbiro zvekubvisa pre-signex, asi izvo zvinouya nemamwe fungidziro yekuvimba uye kufunga nezvekuchengetedza kwakatsanangurwa kare.

Isu tinokwanisa kugadzirisa zvakanyanya-kana kuti zvimwe, mamwe-ematambudziko aya kana makiyi ekubvisa achikwanisa kubuda mavhaidhi. Kuti izvi zvishande, staker (kana kuti staking pool) ichada kupedzisa shanduko yenguva imwe chete kubva ku0x0 yekubvisa zvitupa kuenda ku0x01 yekubvisa zvitupa-apo 0x0 zvitupa iri BLS (EOA) kiyi nekukasira, 0x01 zvitupa zvinogona kunongedzera kune chero Ethereum. kero, kusanganisira smart zvibvumirano uye EOAs. Kugadzika kondirakiti yakangwara sekero yekubvisa yeanosimbisa kwakanakira kuvandudza ruzivo rwemushandisi (UX) rwe staking:

1. Makiyi ekubvisa anogona kuve neanochinjika nzira dzekudzoreredza, sekudzoreredza kwevanhu. Anobata anogona kuve nemumwe kana vanopfuura "vachengeti" vanogona kubvumidza kiyi nyowani yekudzora chikumbiro chekubvisa smart kontrakiti kana kiyi yepakutanga yakabiwa kana kurasika - vachengeti vanogona kunge vari shamwari, hama, vamwe vanobata navo, kana nyanzvi yechitatu-bato sevhisi. Kuchinjika mumagadzirirwo ekudzoreredza kunogona kunyanya kubatsira solo staker; unogona kuva nedhirivha yemunhu akafa iyo inomutsa kubuda kwe EL uye kutumira mari kukero yakatarwa kana mutsigiri wako akamira kupupura kwenguva yakafanotemerwa (semuenzaniso, nekuti "wapfuura kuGreat Beyond").

2. Flexible staking magadzirirwo anogona kubuda. Semuyenzaniso, munhu asingadi ngozi angada 2-of-2 multisig withdrawal contract-ine staker uye node opareta akabata imwe yemakiyi maviri anodiwa kubvumidza zvikumbiro zvekubvisa-pachinzvimbo chekuchengetedza kiyi yekubvisa yese. Iyo ichiri isiri-yekuchengetedza (node opareta haagone kubuda iyo validator pasina mvumo), kunyangwe ichida kuvimba nenode opareta kuti asavhare kubuda kweanosimbisa nekuramba kusaina kubviswa kwekukumbira kwekuita kwakatsanangurwa neanobata.

Kumadziva emvura, kuchinjika mumadhizaini anogona kureva kuita zvibvumirano zvekubvisa zvine mutsindo wekugadzirisa kana kuendesa muridzi wevanosimbisa. Mukushaikwa kweEIP-7002, iyo chete nzira chaiyo iyo dziva rinodzika rinogona kubata varidzi vevabvumidzi ndeyekufambisa-yakasaina zvikumbiro zvekubvisa kutenderedza, izvo zvinouya nenjodzi dzakasiyana siyana uye edge kesi.

3. Validator withdrawals inogona yakachengeteka otomatiki. Kusiyana nekuchengetedza zvikumbiro zvekubvisa zvakasaina muchibvumirano chakangwara, zvibvumirano zvekubvisa zvibvumirano zvinogona kuva nemitemo yakaoma inodzora zvikumbiro zvekubvisa mvumo; pfungwa ye "mad sainzi" i "nguva-yakavakirwa staking dziva" apo node vanoshanda vanotenderedzwa zvisina kuvimbika. Kana kuti funga kana dziva rakakura rakaita seLido richida kudzikamisa: hutongi hunogona kusarudza kubvisa mamwe mavhavhari anodzorwa neanode opareta uye kugovera mari kune vadiki vanoshanda (kana solo staker) kudzikisa kudzipwa mapoinzi kubva kune node opareta anodzora nhamba yakakura ye vagadzirisi.

Aya angori mamwe ekutanga mikana EIP-7002 inogonesa, asi ndine chokwadi chekuti mamwe maapplication achaonekwa-sezvinoita sei zvitsva maficha uye mashandisiro-makesi ewallet akangwara paEthereum anoramba achibuda. Kana iwe uri kuverenga izvi uye uine mamwe makongiri mazano ekushandisa EIP-7002 kune staking dhizaini, inzwa wakasununguka kutaura mune zvakataurwa!

Pane zvipingamupinyi pakushandisa EIP-7002?

Inogona kutyora shanduko kune iripo staking dhizaini

Muchirongwa cheEIP, vanyori veEIP-7002 vanobvuma zvingangove zvinonetsa pamusoro pekugonesa kubvisa zvitupa kukonzeresa kubviswa kwevagadzirisi - asi enderera uchiti, "hatizive chero madhizaini anovimba nechinhu ichi [kureva, kusakwanisa kubvisa. nemagwaro ekubvisa mari]”. Izvi zvinoita sezvine musoro-kunyangwe ini ndakanetseka kufunga nezve chero yakatumirwa hurongwa hwekuita hwaizoda chimiro ichi. Asi nekuda kwekuti hazviite sezviri pachena, hazvirevi kuti haapo.

“Teerera kusava nechokwadi kwakanyarara, kunonetsa. Kana usingazivi, hauzivi zvausingazive, hauzivi kuti zvakawanda sei zvausingazivi, uye hauzivi kuti waifanira kuziva zvakawanda sei.” — Eliezer Yudkowsky

Kuti ndipe mamwe mamiriro, ini ndichasanganisira zviratidziro zvehurukuro yakatenderedza chikumbiro chekutanga kuita yekubvisa-yakatenderwa kubuda kuburikidza neGeneralized Message Bus (GMB) . Iyo GMB isystem-level smart kondirakiti ine zviitiko zvinoverengwa nekugadziriswa nevatengi, seyazvino dhipoziti kontrakiti, uye inokwanisa kuendesa mameseji kubva kuchikamu chekuuraya kuenda kune yekubvumirana layer. Nepo munyori (s) airatidza mamwe mageneric EL-to-CL mhando dzemeseji, iyo huru yakafungwa yekushandisa-kesi yeEL-to-CL meseji bhazi yaive ichipa nzira yekukonzeresa kubuda kubva mukuurayiwa layer kuburikidza ne0x01 yekubvisa zvitupa.

Kubva pakutsinhana uku, isu tatova nemuenzaniso wehukama-node opareta hukama hwakavakirwa pafungidziro yekuti staker haigone kubuda uye kubvisa mugadziriso uchishandisa kiyi yekubvisa. Mumwe muenzaniso weinogona kumucheto-kesi yekushandisa EIP-7002 inobva muhurukuro yakatenderedza Lido's decentralization zvirongwa paLido Nharaunda Staking Podcast, iyo yaunogona kuona paYouTube . (EIP-7002 inongotaurwa muchidimbu (28:55 kusvika 30:00) muvhidhiyo).

Nokuda kwemashure, Lido yakarondedzerwa se "kutyisidzira kwakarongeka kuEthereum" nokuti inodzora ~ 33.3% yeBeacon Chain validators uye inogona kuisa kubvumirana kweEthereum pangozi; semuenzaniso, kana Lido DAO yakamanikidza vafambisi venodhi kuti vatarise matransaction, kana kudzoreredza zvidhinha zvakapedzwa kare (Mike Neuder's Magnitude uye kutungamira kweLido attack vectors inotsanangura kutyisidzira mune zvakadzama).

Zvisinei, mumwe wevatauri muchikamu chakambobatanidzwa anoita nharo inomanikidzira yokuti iyi kurwisa vector-iyo DAO inobata zvakasimba vashandi venode mukurwisa kweEthereum protocol-haasati aripo, sezvo vashandi ve node vane imwe sangano. Iyo DAO inogona kumisa danda remugadziri mushure mekubuda, asi haigone kuvimba nekutyisidzirwa kwekumanikidzwa kubuda kunomanikidza mugadziri wekurwisa kubvumirana kwaEthereum.

NeEIP-7002, simba rinoshanduka rinoshanduka zvakanyanya: zvibvumirano zvekubvisa zvinotungamirirwa neDAO zvinogona kubvisa mushandisi zvinopesana nezvaanoda-zvichipa DAO simba pamusoro pevashandisi ve node. Iyi mhando yekuwedzera inobatsira kuchengetedza staking protocol kubva kune yakaipa opareta set, sezvandambotsanangura. Asi inogona zvakare kushandiswa zvisizvo muzviitiko zvinotevera:

• Iyo staking protocol inotambura nekurwiswa kwehutongi uye DAO inopfuudza chisungo chakashata chekukonzeresa kubviswa kwemugadziri kubva muchibvumirano chekubvisa.
• Anorwisa anotora kutonga kweumwe kana anopfuura anosimbisa nekubira muridzi wekontrakiti yekubvisa uye anoita rakabudirira zano rekuda.

Uyu mumwe muenzaniso wekuti EIP-7002 yaigona sei kushandura fungidziro iripo mu staking dhizaini-nguva ino, kune node vanoshanda vachisimbisa pachinzvimbo chedziva rakaita seLido. Zvakadaro, iyi yekurwisa vector inogona kudzikiswa zviri nyore kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana sekushandisa yakachengeteka, yakaongororwa zvine mutsindo, uye pamwe isingagone kukwidziridzwa, zvibvumirano zvekubvisa zvekubvisa kana kutevera nzira dzakanakisa dzekutonga kwakachengeteka kweDAO .

Kuzvidavirira kumucheto kwenyaya apo node opareta anotambura kurasikirwa kubva pakumanikidzwa kubviswa mushure mekuramba zvinodiwa neanorwisa kuti atyore mitemo yeprotocol, matangi emadziva anogona kutora kurudziro kubva kumakambani ezvivakwa kuchengetedza node vanoshanda:

• Usati wasaina chibvumirano, vanoroja vanofanirwa kupa "security deposit". Iyo dhipoziti inobatwa muakaundi yebhangi kunze kwekutonga kweiyo real estate kambani.
• Kana muroja akabuda mufurati, asi achisiya kukuvara kwakanyanya, kambani yezvivakwa ine kodzero yekushandisa iyo yekuchengetedza dhipoziti kubhadhara mutengo wekugadzirisa.
• Kana imba yacho iri muchimiro chakanaka panguva yekubuda kweanoroja, dhipoziti inodzoserwa yakazara kumurendi.

A staking protocol inogona kutora nzira yakafanana yekudzivirira vashandi ve node nekutora "node operator insurance fund" mutemo kuburikidza neNexus Mutual , Tidal Finance , kana chero imwe crypto-native inishuwarenzi platform. Kana iyo validator yemushandisi ikabviswa zviri pamutemo, homwe yeinishuwarenzi inodzoserwa kuDAO; kana reverse iri yechokwadi (semuenzaniso, kubviswa kwea validator kunokonzerwa nechikumbiro chakaipa kana kubvisa kontrakiti bug), inishuwarenzi inobhadhara kukuvadza kune node opareta. Ziva kuti nzira iyi inogona kuve yakajairwa kune chero hukama huripo hunotsamira pane zvazvino zvirevo zvekubuda muvharivhari.

Kushaikwa kwerutsigiro rwemamwe mameseji akaoma eEL-to-CL

EIP-7002's validator kubvisa chikumbiro chibvumirano chinopa basa rimwe chete: kutumira chikumbiro chekubvisa kubva kuEthereum's execution layer kune yekubvumirana layer yekubvisa validator. Nekudaro, vamwe vakakurudzira kuita yakajairika messaging framework (semuenzaniso, SendMessageToConsensusLayer precompile, kana iyo Generalized Message Bus (GMB) system-level kondirakiti yakambotaurwa) yekupfuudza mageneric marudzi emeseji pakati peyekuurayiwa uye yekubvumirana layer. Izvi zvinogona kuva nemabhenefiti sekuvhura nzira nyowani dzekumisikidza zvinosimbisa paBeacon Chain, kunyanya kana kubatanidza ETH kune EL-ku-CL meseji kunobvumidzwa.

Nekudaro, sekutsanangura kunoita Danny Ryan (mumwe wevanyori veEIP-7002) mune chirevo , kushandisa nguva yakakosha yeinjiniya pakutumira mameseji akajairwa EL → CL framework i“chiito chikuru chisina kujeka kukosha kwekufungidzira”. Kuenzanisira, vanyori vechikumbiro cheGMB (General Message Bus) vakangoona imwe nyaya yekushandisa yebhazi remeseji pakati peEL neCL: kutenderedza magwaro ekubvisa kune anosimbisa kubva 0x0 kusvika 0x01 zvitupa.

Izvi zvinoreva kuti isu tinokwanisa kuona iyo validator ichibvisa chikumbiro chikepe chikepe chekutanga pamberi pekutanga devs kutaura nezve kuita bhazi remeseji EL-to-CL, kana zvikaitika. Kwete kuti kuita kuti zvinhu zvive nyore zvinomborwadza.

Kureruka chinhu chinodiwa kuti uvimbike. — Edsger W. Dijkstra

Nyowani njodzi mavector kune aripo staker

Ini ndakatsanangura nezve mabhenefiti ekugonesa kubvisa zvitupa kukonzeresa kubviswa kwechikamu chikuru, asi kune mamwe emucheto-kesi ane chekuita nechinhu ichocho. Pfungwa inoenda seizvi (h/t kune iyi chirevo paGitHub ):

• Kana kiyi yekusaina yea validator ikakanganiswa, hacker inogona kuda rudzikinuro, kana kuedza kudzikisa chiyero chemugadzirisi-asi haigone kubvisa mari chero mamiriro ezvinhu. Mutambo wakamirira uchatevera: Ko uyo anorwisa achaparadza chiyero chose here, kana kuti staker achakwanisa kubvisa chimwe chikamu chedanda kana mugadziri abviswa nesimba?
• Zvisinei, kana EIP-7002 yashandiswa, mubiki mumamiriro ezvinhu apfuura anogona kuenderera mberi nekubuda muvharidzi uye kubvisa chiyero (kamwe EIP-7002 yaitwa) panzvimbo yekugadzirisa kushungurudza / kushungurudza kurwisa.

Muchidimbu, solo stakers uye staking masevhisi achada kuchengetedzwa kwakawanda kwekubvisa zvitupa post-EIP 7002. Ichi ndicho chikonzero kugamuchirwa kwezvekudzoreredza kwevanhu, multifactor (MFA) kuvimbiswa, uye kutenderera kwakakosha kunoonekwa kwakakosha pakuvandudza kuchengetedzwa kwega / kupihwa basa rekuita staking.

Sarudzo yekumisa chiyero

Iyo validator yekubvisa chikumbiro chibvumirano add_withdrawal_request() mashandiro haaite mamwe macheki, kunze kwekutarisa yakabatanidzwa yekubvisa mari yekukumbira, zvichigonesa kubvumira anorwisa kuvhara mutsara wemeseji nezvikumbiro zvisirizvo zvekubvisa (semuenzaniso, kubuda mameseji kune asiripo. kana iyo isingashande inosimbisa ichave isingashande panguva yekubvumirana layer yechokwadi chekutarisa). EIP-7002 inoshandisa mari inodhura yekubvisa kuyera zvikumbiro zvekubvisa uye kuita kuti kurwiswa kwakadaro kudhure, zvakafanana nemabatiro anoita EIP-1559 kurwisa spamming uye kuvhara kuvharika nekugadzirisa mitengo yegasi zvichienderana nebasa retiweki.

Imwe dhizaini ndeyekurambidza kufona kune validator yekubvisa chikumbiro chibvumirano kune chaivo vevagadziri-semuenzaniso, nekutarisa kuti validator_pubkey inoenderana nekiyi yeruzhinji yeanoshanda Beacon Chain validator. Izvi zvinogona kurerutsa dhizaini yeEIP-7002 nekubvisa kudiwa kwemhando yakaoma, EIP-1559-maitiro emitengo uye, pamwe, kuderedza mari yekukumbira yekubvisa sezvo spamming mumutsara nezvikumbiro zvemanyepo inogona kunge isiri nyaya.

Nekudaro, izvi zvinoda kuti iyo yekuuraya layer ikwanise kuwana ruzivo rwekusavimbika pamusoro pekubvumirana-kutarisa validator_pubkey uchipesana neBeacon Chain's validator registry-chinhu chinoenderana nekushandisa EIP-4788. Izvi zvinowedzera kuomarara kuEIP-7002 uye zvinounza kutsamira kutsva pakati peEIP mbiri, izvo zvinogona kuve nezvazvinoreva pakuvandudza dhizaini yeramangwana sezvakataurwa muchikamu chino cheEIP-7002's rationale .

Kunyange kana EIP-4788 yakabatanidzwa neEIP-7002, tinenge tichiri kuda mamwe maitiro ekudzivirira mamwe maitiro e spamming anosanganisira magwaro epamutemo; muenzaniso kuendesa zvikumbiro zvekubvisa zvakawanda kune imwechete validator munguva pfupi pfupi. Izvi zvinotoda kuwedzera (uye kuteedzera) mutemo mutsva senge "iwe unogona chete kuendesa chikumbiro chekubvisa chimwe chete pamunhu anosimbisa mwedzi 3-4 yega yega", izvo zvingada kutowedzera shanduko kune inobvumidza kubvisa chikumbiro chibvumirano.

Mukupesana, iyo yazvino chiyero chekumisikidza masisitimu iri nyore kufunga nezvayo uye inovimbisa chengetedzo yakakwana kubva pazvinhu zvakawanda zvekuchengetedza zvine chekuita nekuuraya-layer kubvisa. Semuenzaniso, mari yekukumbira yekubvisa inogona kungoerekana yagadzirisa kukwira kuti udzivise kushungurudzika (kuyedza kudzivirira vakavimbika vakavimbika kubva pakubvisa) uye spamming uye DOS kurwiswa (kuedza kuremedza iyo Beacon Chain nekumanikidza kubvumirana node kutambisa zviwanikwa pakusefa zvisizvo zvekubvisa maitiro).

Mhedziso: EIP-7002 uye ramangwana rekuisa paEthereum

Yakatumirwa staking yakagamuchira kushoropodzwa kwakakosha mumwedzi ichangopfuura, asi zvakachengeteka kufunga kuti indasitiri yestaking-se-sevhisi iri pano kuti igare. Kana zvirizvo, kudzikisira njodzi kune vanhu vanogovera danda — kungave kumvura ine staking pool kana yemasangano isiri- custodial staking service — kwakakosha. EIP-7002 inozadzisa chinangwa ichi nekugadzira 0x01 yekubvisa zvitupa inokwanisa kubuda ma validators uye kubvisa danda uye kuderedza kudiwa kwevatambi kuvimba nekuvimbika kweanodhi.

EIP-7002 zvakare ine zvimwe zvakanaka spillover mhedzisiro. Kunyanya, kuvandudza kusimba uye kuchengetedzeka kwekuita solo staking uye kugovera vagadzirisi-nekugonesa kupora kuri nani kubva pakurasikirwa kwekiyi yekusimbisa kana DVT keyshares-kunofanira kuderedza chipingamupinyi chekuisa wega uye kuderedza danda centralization paEthereum.

Semazuva ese, ndichavhara nekukukumbira kuti ufunge kugovera chinyorwa ichi nemumwe munhu angachiwana chine ruzivo uye, zvinotonyanya kukosha, nyorera kuEthereum 2077 kuti uwedzere kudzika kwakadzika pazvinhu zvese Ethereum R&D. Iwe unogona zvakare kubatana neni pa Twitter kugovera mhinduro kana mhinduro pachinyorwa ichi.