[ ICYMI Soma Igice cya 1 Ihuriro ridasubirwaho ]

Amahuriro menshi yamakuru muri iki gihe yubatswe hasi-hejuru, atangirana no gukusanya amakuru "ashobora kuba ingirakamaro nyuma" kandi buhoro buhoro ashakira hamwe ibisubizo bikenewe. Ubu buryo byanze bikunze buganisha ku gushyira mu bikorwa ibice, kuzamuka kwamafaranga hamwe nideni rya tekiniki. Igishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu gisaba ubuhanga bwihariye muburyo bwo kwerekana amakuru, sisitemu yatanzwe, umutekano, no kubahiriza. Ibigo byinshi ntibishobora kugura amatsinda yibikorwa remezo byabigenewe muminsi yabo ya mbere kandi bigomba kubaka no guhuza sisitemu yamakuru uko akura.

Nyamara, inzira yo guhindura sisitemu iriho irashobora kuba ingorabahizi. Amakipe agomba guhitamo hagati yimuka ndende mugihe agumana sisitemu nyinshi zo kwigana, cyangwa sisitemu yuzuye ihenze. Icyemezo cya Netscape cyo kwandika moteri ya mushakisha mu 1997 cyabatwaye ubucuruzi bwa mushakisha ndetse no kwisoko rya enterineti kuri Internet Explorer kuko batabashaga guhangana na enterineti yihuta yihuta, amaherezo bigatuma igabanuka ryumugabane ku isoko. Ibigo byinshi bitangirana nibisubizo byabigenewe bikimuka kubucuruzi bwabacuruzi uko bakura; icyakora, no mubipimo aho ibigo bishobora kugura urubuga rwabacuruzi, ntibashobora guhuza imikoreshereze yabakoresha kandi abakoresha imbere bagomba guhuza nibikorwa bishya. Ibigo byinshi birangiza kubaka ibisubizo byabigenewe hejuru yabacuruzi nkuko bikomeza gupima. Amatsinda y'ibikorwa remezo by'imbere agomba gukomeza sisitemu yumwimerere, gukora urubuga rwabacuruzi, no gushyigikira ishyirwa mubikorwa hejuru yizo mbuga - mugihe kandi ahugura abakoresha ibikoresho bitandukanye no gucunga umutekano no kwishyira hamwe muri sisitemu nyinshi. Bitewe no kubura igenamigambi niterambere kama nkurwego rwubucuruzi, ibyatangiye nkigisubizo gihendutse biba bihenze cyane kandi bigoye gukora.

Gutegura urubuga rwamakuru rushobora gupima iterambere ryubucuruzi birashoboka cyane muri iki gihe kuruta mbere. Mu myaka icumi ishize, amashyirahamwe menshi yashyizeho uburyo busobanutse bwo gukoresha amakuru - amakipe y'ibicuruzwa akeneye amakuru y’imyitwarire y’abakoresha, amatsinda yo kwamamaza akurikirana imikorere yo kwiyamamaza, amatsinda y’imari akurikirana ibipimo byinjira, kandi amatsinda y’umutekano asesengura uburyo bw’iterabwoba. Izi manza zisanzwe zikoreshwa zashizweho neza ukurikije amakuru bakeneye nuburyo bakeneye vuba. Aho kuvumbura ibisabwa binyuze mu kwimuka bihenze no guhindura ibisubizo byabacuruzi, birashoboka kubaka urubuga rwamakuru rushobora kwipimisha ku buryo burambye ukurikije ikiguzi no gukora neza.

Gutegura Amahuriro

Muri rusange, urubuga rwamakuru rushobora gusobanurwa nibice bibiri byingenzi: ni ayahe makuru ukeneye (moderi yamakuru) nuburyo ukeneye byihuse (ibisabwa byubukererwe). Ndetse hamwe nibisobanuro byasobanuwe neza, gusobanukirwa ibi bice byombi bidufasha kubona uburyo bwo gukusanya amakuru hamwe nibikorwa remezo bikenewe.

Fata uburiganya bwo kumenya uburiganya. Mubisanzwe, ibyago byuburiganya bisaba ibice bitatu byamakuru: indangamuntu, gucuruza no gucunga imanza.

Buri kintu kigizwe namakuru gishobora gushushanywa mubikorwa remezo ukurikije ubukererwe bukenewe. Kugenzura umwirondoro no gucuruza bisaba gutunganya inzira mugihe cyo gutahura uburiganya-nyabwo, gutunganya amakuru kubikurikirana bikomeje gukurikiranwa no kubimenyeshwa, hamwe nibiyaga byamakuru kugirango bishyigikire imirimo ndende nkisesengura ryicyitegererezo hamwe namahugurwa yicyitegererezo.

Icyitegererezo

Icyitegererezo cyamakuru asobanura uburyo amakuru agomba gutegurwa no kugenwa. Irerekana umurongo wimirima nibiranga - imiterere, ubwoko, namategeko kuri buri murima. Igishushanyo gifasha kuvumbura amakuru, mugihe ibisobanuro byinzego zitandukanye bigena politiki yimiyoborere nibisabwa kubahiriza.

Icyitegererezo cyamakuru asobanuwe neza ashoboza gukusanya amakuru no gutunganya mumuryango wose. Fata amakuru yumukoresha nkurugero - kwamamaza birabikeneye mugukurikirana ubukangurambaga, serivisi zabakiriya mugucunga imanza, amatsinda yibicuruzwa byo gusesengura imyitwarire, hamwe nitsinda rishobora guhura nuburiganya. Hatariho amakuru asangiwe yumukoresha wamakuru, buri tsinda ryubaka verisiyo yimiterere yabakoresha no gukurikirana logique. Amakipe arangije gukora ibintu bigoye kugirango akemure kandi ahuze amakuru yumukoresha hagati ya sisitemu. Icyitegererezo cyamakuru asangiwe nkisoko imwe yukuri yoroshya ikusanyamakuru no kuyishyira mubikorwa, mugihe ibipimo bihoraho bituma umutekano no kubahiriza byoroshye gucunga.

Gusobanura amakuru yuzuye yerekana amakuru akenshi biragoye kumakipe kugiti cye nkuko bisanzwe byibanda kubyo bakeneye byihuse. Amatsinda yo kwamamaza yibanda kumasoko ajyanye no kwiyamamaza, mugihe amakipe yibibazo yibanda kubiranga indangamuntu. Hatabayeho kureba neza uburyo amakuru amwe akora imirimo itandukanye, amatsinda akenshi arema ibyitegererezo bituzuye cyangwa bigufi-byibanda kubintu bisaba kurushaho gutunganya no guhuza sisitemu.

Ibisabwa Igihe

Ibisabwa byigihe bisobanura uburyo amakuru agomba gutunganywa vuba kandi akaboneka. Gutunganya Windows bitangirira kumwanya-nyabyo (amasegonda) kugirango uhite ufata ibyemezo, kugeza hafi-nyayo (iminota) yo gukurikirana, kugeza gutunganya ibyiciro (amasaha) kubisesengura hamwe na AI / ML. Ibihe bisabwa ikarita yerekana ibikorwa remezo byihariye - gutembera mugihe nyacyo, ububikoshingiro bwigihe-nyacyo, hamwe nibiyaga byamakuru kugirango bitunganyirizwe.

Hatabayeho urwego, amatsinda yibicuruzwa akenshi yubaka ibikorwa remezo birenze urugero kubikenewe - itsinda rimwe rishobora gukoresha Kafka mugihe irindi rikoresha MSK mugutambuka, cyangwa itsinda rimwe rishobora guhitamo DynamoDB mugihe irindi rikoresha Cassandra kububiko. Ibi bitera ingorane zidakenewe nkuko amakipe akomeza sisitemu nyinshi hamwe no kugenzura umutekano wikubye kabiri.

Muguhuza ibice remezo, amatsinda yibicuruzwa ntagikeneye kohereza ibikorwa remezo byayo, kandi amatsinda ya platform arashobora kugabanya imikorere yimbere mukubungabunga sisitemu nke. Ibipimo ngenderwaho kandi bifasha kugenzura neza umutekano, guhuza ibikorwa, koroshya kwitegereza, hamwe nigiciro cyiza.

Ihuriro rusange ryamakuru

Urubuga rwimiterere yububiko rwadushoboje kubona gahunda yo gukusanya amakuru yihariye, ibisabwa remezo, kugenzura umutekano, hamwe nubushobozi bwo kwishyira hamwe. Ibi bikemura mu buryo butaziguye kandi bigoye ibiciro imiryango myinshi ihura nabyo muri iki gihe. Aho kugira ngo amakipe yubaka sisitemu zitandukanye amatsinda ya platform arwanira gushyigikira, urwego ruhoraho rworoshya umutekano, kubahiriza, kwishyira hamwe, no gucunga ibiciro mumuryango.

Hatabayeho gushyira mubikorwa, amatsinda ya platform arasabwa guhitamo guhitamo kubungabunga sisitemu zisanzwe, gukora kwimuka bihenze, cyangwa kubaka ibintu bishya. Amatsinda ya platform arangiza kumara umwanya munini kubungabunga sisitemu zitandukanye no gukemura abimuka aho gutanga ubushobozi bukomeye mubucuruzi. Uburyo bushingiye kumurongo butuma amashyirahamwe apima amakuru yamakuru atabanje kwimuka. Amashyirahamwe mato arashobora gutangirana nibice bikenewe kandi akaguka uko akura, kandi amashyirahamwe manini arashobora gutunganya sisitemu zihari rimwe nta guhora yandika.

Kuza Ibikurikira

Mugice cya 3 cyuruhererekane rwa "One Off to One Data Platform" , tuzaganira uburyo iyi mikorere ishobora gushyirwa mubikorwa kurwego rufatika. Tuzareba uburyo ibice bigize urubuga rusanzwe nko gutembera, kubika amakuru, ububiko bwamakuru, hamwe nikiyaga cyamakuru bishobora guteranwa kugirango dushyigikire imanza zitandukanye zikoreshwa mubucuruzi hamwe n’umutekano uhoraho no kugenzura iyubahirizwa. Mugihe amashyirahamwe akura, ubu buryo bwa modular butuma amatsinda apima ibice byigenga yigenga mugihe agumana intera isanzwe hamwe nubugenzuzi, bikuraho gukenera kwimuka buri gihe. Hamwe nimikorere isobanutse yububiko bwububiko, amashyirahamwe arashobora kubaka amakuru yimikorere akura nubucuruzi bwabo aho kugarukira.