Tonga Needs a Hybrid Connectivity Solution

The Ongoing Cable Catastrophe

I though I was not going to write on this again, but somehow I am always dragged into it.

In my previous analysis from August 2024, I explored the vulnerability of Tonga's fiber optic submarine cable infrastructure, proposing satellite broadband as a more resilient connectivity solution. Recent events have only reinforced that assessment.

As reported on Matangi Tonga, Tonga's domestic fiber-optic submarine cable suffered another outage following a series of strong earthquakes, including a 6.8 magnitude quake centered in the Ha'apai group. This marks the fourth such incident from 2019 to 2024, with a staggering 80% on average historical frequency likelihood of a cable severance recurring.

The persistent disruptions highlight the fundamental challenges of maintaining submarine cable infrastructure in Tonga's seismically and volcanically active maritime environment. Despite significant repair investments, the failure pattern remains unchanged.

The Ministerial Meeting: Unveiling Hard Truths

Today, I was invited to a pivotal meeting with the Ministry of Public Enterprises concerning Tonga Cable Ltd's second international submarine fiber optic cable project, a venture that promises connectivity but raises more questions than answers.

The Numbers Game

The proposed project comes with a hefty price tag of approximately 80 million pa'anga, co-funded by Australia and New Zealand. An additional annual overhead of 100,000 (currency unconfirmed) hints at the broader economic complexities of maintaining such infrastructure.

The Inconvenient Truths

Nothing in telecommunications comes without hidden costs. Beyond the headline figures, we're looking at ongoing expenses for:

• Power utility bills
• Cooling systems
• Backup infrastructure
• After sales equipment maintenance
• Marine cable maintenance

The Real Winners and Losers

Let's strip away the diplomatic veneer and examine who truly benefits from this infrastructure project.

The Winners

1. Contractors: Primary beneficiaries securing lucrative installation and maintenance contracts
2. Legal Firms: Drafting complex agreements and navigating international funding mechanisms
3. Consulting Agencies: Generating reports and providing "expert" recommendations

The Losers

1. New Zealand and Australian Taxpayers: Funding a questionable long-term infrastructure project
2. Tongan Citizens: Bearing future financial burdens of maintenance and replacement
3. Future Generations: Inheriting an increasingly obsolete technological solution

The Satellite Disruption

While governments debate cable infrastructure, a quiet revolution is unfolding through low-orbit satellite initiatives.

My personal experience speaks volumes:

• There could be more than 500 Starlink kits already deployed across island communities, and counting
• Continuous growth in satellite internet adoption
• Rapidly improving technology and decreasing costs

The Utilization Myth

The proposed cable project claims to address connectivity needs, but let's dissect the actual utilization:

• Majority of internet traffic comprises social media platforms
• Facebook, TikTok, and Instagram dominate bandwidth consumption
• An 80-million pa'anga cable to essentially support and resilience for social media scrolling?

Probability and Resilience

Calculating the probabilities reveals a stark reality:

• 80% chance of cable cuts based on historical data
• 55.07% probability of at least one cut in a given year (using Poisson method)
• Proposed solution connects only Vava'u when both the international cable to Fiji and domestic cable to Ha'apai and Vava'u are cut, leaving most islands in the dark.

A Human-Centric Approach

When a consultant remarked, "It's about the country," I responded with what I believe is the fundamental truth: "It's about the people. There is no country without its people."

The Long-Term Vision

The current agreement spans 15 years. But let's be realistic, technology evolves rapidly. By the time this cable reaches its projected lifespan, it will likely be technologically obsolete.

The critical question remains i.e. Will we have another 80 million pa'anga to replace not just one, but potentially multiple cables in the future?

Satellite: The Optimal Solution

Satellite broadband presents the most promising connectivity solution for Tonga:

• Comprehensive coverage across the archipelago
• Resilient to environmental risks
• Rapidly advancing technology
• Significantly lower long-term costs

Conclusion: A Hybrid Future

Tonga needs a hybrid connectivity solution. A strategic mix of submarine cables and satellite technology is the only way to ensure robust, reliable internet access for all our islands.

Connectivity is not a luxury, it's a lifeline for our communities, our businesses, and our future.

The question remains, will this new cable make a difference? Will it make Internet cheaper to all citizens? Will it make a difference to our daily lives?