The collision involved primordial Earth (Gaia) and a proto-planet known as Theia This impact is also said to have buried relics of Theia deep within Earth's mantle It is a mystery that has gripped humanity for hundreds of years — how exactly did our moon ...

Mystery of how the moon formed may have finally been SOLVED

This epic collision between early Earth and the proto-planet called Theia shot an enormous amount of debris into orbit, which formed what would become the Moon. Or so the theory goes. Despite decades of effort, scientists have not been able to find any ...

Huge 'blobs' inside Earth are from another planet, study suggests

Impact with a body called Theia 4.5 billion years ago left remnants deep inside Earth — and also created the Moon.

Strange blobs in Earth’s mantle are relics of a massive collision

Seismologists have recognized since the 1970s that two mysterious continent-sized blobs reside in the deepest part of Earth's mantle, one under Africa and the other under the South Pacific region. These blobs,

Relics of huge primordial collision reside in Earth's deep interior

A supercomputer simulation has provided new evidence that continent-sized chunks of Theia, which helped create the moon, may still survive in the boundary between our planet's mantle and the core.

Chunks of an alien world could be hidden deep within our planet, say scientists

Two strange, high-density blobs buried more than a kilometre underground may have come from the ancient world Theia, which is thought to have slammed into Earth to create the moon

Bits of an ancient planet called Theia may be buried in Earth’s mantle

A Mars-size object called Theia smashed into Earth, and the debris coalesced into the moon. Now scientists believe they may have identified pieces of Theia at the bottom of Earth’s mantle.

4.5 billion years ago, another planet crashed into Earth. We may have found its leftovers.

Prevailing theory has suggested that, during the late stages of Earth's growth approximately 4.5 billion years ago, a massive collision—known as the "giant impact"—occurred between primordial Earth (Gaia) and a Mars-sized proto-planet known as Theia.

Massive anomaly within Earth's mantle may be remnant of collision that formed moon

New research proposes that impact melted most of both worlds and led to the formation of the moon

Blobs near Earth’s core are remnants of collision with another planet, study says

Moon samples brought back by American and Soviet missions taught us about the solar system. Now India wants to contribute

Weird Science | A hop for a lander, a leap for ISRO, a giant stride in knowledge

THEIA

theia

Hello AI Enthusiasts! Welcome to the tenth edition of "This Week in AI Engineering"! "This Week in AI Engineering" Google released Gemma 3 with a powerful 27B parameter version, AI21 Labs launched Jamba 1.6 outperforming Mistral and Llama on long-context tasks, Manus AI emerged as a breakthrough autonomous agent with 95% task completion, and Sesame AI just made AI girlfriends real by achieving human-level speech quality with emotional intelligence. With this, we’ll also be talking about some must-know tools to make developing AI agents and apps easier. AI Girlfriends Just Got Real AI Girlfriends Just Got Real Sesame AI has introduced a voice-based AI companion focused on achieving genuine "voice presence" through emotional intelligence and contextual adaptation. The system moves beyond traditional text-to-speech by incorporating conversational dynamics to create more engaging and natural interactions. Seems like AI girlfriends just got real! Sesame AI Sesame AI Technical Architecture: Technical Architecture: Conversational Speech Model (CSM): End-to-end multimodal transformer with conversation history awareness
Split Tokenization System: Handles semantic meaning and acoustic details separately for high-fidelity output
Three-Tier Model Range: Tiny (1B backbone/100M decoder), Small (3B/250M), and Medium (8B/300M)
Training Scale: Processed approximately one million hours of predominantly English audio Conversational Speech Model (CSM): End-to-end multimodal transformer with conversation history awareness Conversational Speech Model (CSM): Split Tokenization System: Handles semantic meaning and acoustic details separately for high-fidelity output Split Tokenization System: Three-Tier Model Range: Tiny (1B backbone/100M decoder), Small (3B/250M), and Medium (8B/300M) Three-Tier Model Range: Training Scale: Processed approximately one million hours of predominantly English audio Training Scale: Performance Metrics: Performance Metrics: Word Error Rate: Small model matches human ground truth at 2.9% WER
Speaker Similarity: Achieves 0.938 score (vs 0.940 human baseline)
Homograph Disambiguation: 80% accuracy for Medium model vs 70% for PlayHT and OpenAI
Pronunciation Consistency: 90% for the Medium model, outperforming all competitors
Subjective Testing: 52.9% win rate against human references in blind no-context tests Word Error Rate: Small model matches human ground truth at 2.9% WER Word Error Rate: Speaker Similarity: Achieves 0.938 score (vs 0.940 human baseline) Speaker Similarity: Homograph Disambiguation: 80% accuracy for Medium model vs 70% for PlayHT and OpenAI Homograph Disambiguation: Pronunciation Consistency: 90% for the Medium model, outperforming all competitors Pronunciation Consistency: Subjective Testing: 52.9% win rate against human references in blind no-context tests Subjective Testing: Key Innovations: Key Innovations: Compute Amortization: Trains on only 1/16 of audio frames to improve efficiency
Contextual Adaptation: Performance increases to 66.7% human preference when evaluating with context
Novel Benchmarks: Introduces specialized tests for homograph disambiguation and pronunciation consistency
Multi-Stage Processing: Combines semantic understanding with acoustic reproduction Compute Amortization: Trains on only 1/16 of audio frames to improve efficiency Compute Amortization: Contextual Adaptation: Performance increases to 66.7% human preference when evaluating with context Contextual Adaptation: Novel Benchmarks: Introduces specialized tests for homograph disambiguation and pronunciation consistency Novel Benchmarks: Multi-Stage Processing: Combines semantic understanding with acoustic reproduction Multi-Stage Processing: The technology fundamentally reimagines voice assistants by focusing on the emotional and contextual elements that make human communication meaningful, addressing the "emotional flatness" problem that limits user engagement with current systems. Manus AI Agent Delivers 95% Task Completion With Full Autonomy Manus AI Agent Delivers 95% Task Completion With Full Autonomy Manus AI is an autonomous agent system that executes complex tasks end-to-end and achieves 95% task completion without continuous user supervision. The China-based platform is gaining significant attention as the "second DeepSeek moment" for AI, moving beyond conversation to focus on end-to-end task automation. Manus AI Manus AI Technical Architecture: Technical Architecture: Asynchronous Processing: Cloud-based task execution without requiring active user monitoring
Preference Learning: Adaptive system that optimizes outputs based on previous user interactions
File Management: Native capabilities for working with complex document types and compression formats
Output Customization: Flexible delivery formats including documents and spreadsheets Asynchronous Processing: Cloud-based task execution without requiring active user monitoring Asynchronous Processing: Preference Learning: Adaptive system that optimizes outputs based on previous user interactions Preference Learning: File Management: Native capabilities for working with complex document types and compression formats File Management: Output Customization: Flexible delivery formats including documents and spreadsheets Output Customization: Performance Metrics: Performance Metrics: GAIA Score: >65% benchmark rating on general AI agent intelligence assessments
Task Completion: 95% success rate across varied task types
Response Time: 2.5s average response latency during interactions
User Satisfaction: 92% positive rating from current users
Integration Capacity: 100+ external tool connections for expanded functionality GAIA Score: >65% benchmark rating on general AI agent intelligence assessments GAIA Score: Task Completion: 95% success rate across varied task types Task Completion: Response Time: 2.5s average response latency during interactions Response Time: User Satisfaction: 92% positive rating from current users User Satisfaction: Integration Capacity: 100+ external tool connections for expanded functionality Integration Capacity: Comparative Analysis: Comparative Analysis: Task Performance: Consistently outperforms competitors by 10-15% across key metrics
User Growth: Expanded from 1,000 to over 18,000 users between January and June 2025
Use Cases: Excels in data analysis, content creation, document processing, and decision support
Accuracy Rating: 95% vs approximately 80% for nearest competitors in comparative testing Task Performance: Consistently outperforms competitors by 10-15% across key metrics Task Performance: User Growth: Expanded from 1,000 to over 18,000 users between January and June 2025 User Growth: Use Cases: Excels in data analysis, content creation, document processing, and decision support Use Cases: Accuracy Rating: 95% vs approximately 80% for nearest competitors in comparative testing Accuracy Rating: The platform bridges the gap between conception and execution, enabling users to delegate tasks like resume screening, stock analysis, and educational content creation while receiving notification upon completion, without requiring continuous monitoring. Google Gemma 3 Open Model Family’s 27B Parameter Version Reached a 1338 ELO Score Google Gemma 3 Open Model Family’s 27B Parameter Version Reached a 1338 ELO Score Google has introduced Gemma 3, a collection of open-source AI models designed for efficient operation on consumer hardware while delivering frontier-level performance. The family includes four parameter sizes (1B, 4B, 12B, and 27B) with multimodal capabilities, 128K token context window, and support for over 140 languages. Gemma 3 Gemma 3 Technical Architecture: Technical Architecture: Vision Integration: Compatible with SigLIP vision encoder and Pan & Scan technology for handling varied image resolutions
Context Management: 5:1 ratio of local to global attention layers with 1024-token local span for optimized memory usage
Token Processing: Enhanced RoPE base frequency (1M for global layers, 10K for local layers) for extended context handling Vision Integration: Compatible with SigLIP vision encoder and Pan & Scan technology for handling varied image resolutions Vision Integration: Context Management: 5:1 ratio of local to global attention layers with 1024-token local span for optimized memory usage Context Management: Token Processing: Enhanced RoPE base frequency (1M for global layers, 10K for local layers) for extended context handling Token Processing: Performance Metrics: Performance Metrics: Chatbot Arena: 27B model achieves 1338 ELO score, ranking 9th overall ahead of models like DeepSeek-V3 (1318) and o3-mini (1304)
MATH Benchmark: 89.0% accuracy for the 27B model, significantly outperforming Gemma 2 27B (55.6%)
HumanEval: 87.8% pass rate for 27B model versus 51.8% for Gemma 2 27B
MMLU: 67.5% accuracy for 27B, compared to 56.9% for the previous generation Chatbot Arena: 27B model achieves 1338 ELO score, ranking 9th overall ahead of models like DeepSeek-V3 (1318) and o3-mini (1304) Chatbot Arena: MATH Benchmark: 89.0% accuracy for the 27B model, significantly outperforming Gemma 2 27B (55.6%) MATH Benchmark: HumanEval: 87.8% pass rate for 27B model versus 51.8% for Gemma 2 27B HumanEval: MMLU: 67.5% accuracy for 27B, compared to 56.9% for the previous generation MMLU: Key Innovations: Key Innovations: Architecture Optimization: Increased ratio of local to global attention layers reduces KV-cache memory requirements
Multimodal Processing: Vision capabilities using a 400M parameter SigLIP encoder with 256 image tokens
Language Coverage: Enhanced multilingual abilities through revised data mixture and tokenizer optimization
Knowledge Distillation: All models trained with knowledge distillation from larger teacher models Architecture Optimization: Increased ratio of local to global attention layers reduces KV-cache memory requirements Architecture Optimization: Multimodal Processing: Vision capabilities using a 400M parameter SigLIP encoder with 256 image tokens Multimodal Processing: Language Coverage: Enhanced multilingual abilities through revised data mixture and tokenizer optimization Language Coverage: Knowledge Distillation: All models trained with knowledge distillation from larger teacher models Knowledge Distillation: Google has also released ShieldGemma 2, a 4B parameter image safety classifier built on the Gemma 3 foundation, providing developers with ready-made solutions for content moderation across dangerous content, and violence categories. Jamba 1.6 Outperforms Mistral and Llama on Quality and Long Context Tasks Jamba 1.6 Outperforms Mistral and Llama on Quality and Long Context Tasks AI21 Labs has released Jamba 1.6, a new family of open-source models designed for enterprise deployments where data privacy and performance are critical requirements. The lineup includes Jamba Large 1.6 and Jamba Mini 1.6, both optimized for quality, speed, and extended context handling. Jamba 1. Jamba 1. 6 Technical Architecture: Technical Architecture: Hybrid Design: Combined Mamba-Transformer MoE architecture for efficient processing
Context Window: 256K tokens supported without performance degradation
Inference Speed: 165 tokens/second for Mini variant vs 125 for Ministral 8B and 100 for GPT-4o mini
Deployment Options: On-premises, in-VPC, or through AI21 Studio with batch processing capability Hybrid Design: Combined Mamba-Transformer MoE architecture for efficient processing Hybrid Design: Context Window: 256K tokens supported without performance degradation Context Window: Inference Speed: 165 tokens/second for Mini variant vs 125 for Ministral 8B and 100 for GPT-4o mini Inference Speed: Deployment Options: On-premises, in-VPC, or through AI21 Studio with batch processing capability Deployment Options: Performance Metrics: Performance Metrics: Arena Hard: Jamba Large 1.6 scores 75 vs Mistral Large 2's 65 and Llama 3.3 70B's 67
CRAG: 78 points for Jamba Large 1.6 vs 61 for Llama 3.3 70B and 47 for Command R+
HELMET RAG: 65 points for Jamba Large 1.6 vs 55 for Mistral Large 2
LongBench: 37 points for Jamba Large 1.6 vs 24 for Llama 3.3 70B and 18 for Command R+
HELMET LongQA: 57 points for Jamba Large 1.6 vs 50 for Mistral Large 2 Arena Hard: Jamba Large 1.6 scores 75 vs Mistral Large 2's 65 and Llama 3.3 70B's 67 Arena Hard: CRAG: 78 points for Jamba Large 1.6 vs 61 for Llama 3.3 70B and 47 for Command R+ CRAG: HELMET RAG: 65 points for Jamba Large 1.6 vs 55 for Mistral Large 2 HELMET RAG: LongBench: 37 points for Jamba Large 1.6 vs 24 for Llama 3.3 70B and 18 for Command R+ LongBench: HELMET LongQA: 57 points for Jamba Large 1.6 vs 50 for Mistral Large 2 HELMET LongQA: Enterprise Implementations: Enterprise Implementations: Retail (Fnac): 26% quality improvement with 40% better latency by switching to Jamba 1.6 Mini
Education (Educa Edtech): 90%+ retrieval accuracy and citation reliability for personalized chatbots
Digital Banking: 21% higher precision than previous solutions, matching GPT-4o quality
E-commerce: Automated conversion of inventory databases to structured product descriptions Retail (Fnac): 26% quality improvement with 40% better latency by switching to Jamba 1.6 Mini Retail (Fnac): Education (Educa Edtech): 90%+ retrieval accuracy and citation reliability for personalized chatbots Education (Educa Edtech): Digital Banking: 21% higher precision than previous solutions, matching GPT-4o quality Digital Banking: E-commerce: Automated conversion of inventory databases to structured product descriptions E-commerce: The new Batch API allows enterprises to handle large volumes of requests asynchronously, supporting high-volume data processing with faster turnaround times than traditional batch systems. Tools & Releases YOU Should Know About Tools & Releases YOU Should Know About N8n is a workflow automation platform designed for technical teams. It allows users to connect various apps and services to automate tasks without code. Technically, n8n operates through a node-based system where each node represents a specific action or integration. Users create workflows by linking these nodes together in a visual editor, defining the flow of data and operations. n8n can be self-hosted or used via a cloud version, offering flexibility and control. It's particularly useful for developers, IT professionals, and data engineers who need to streamline processes and integrate different systems.
The Eclipse Theia IDE is an extensible, open-source IDE available for both web and desktop use. Built on the Theia platform, it supports AI-powered features like chat, code completion, terminal assistance, and custom agents, leveraging arbitrary LLMs. Theia uses a modular architecture, allowing for custom extensions and tailored tool creation. While incorporating components like the Monaco editor from VS Code, it's independently developed and not a fork. Theia is ideal for developers seeking a customizable, vendor-neutral IDE with modern UX and AI integration, deployable across different environments.
Adrenaline is a platform engineered to streamline code-related inquiries by connecting directly to your GitHub repositories and documentation. It leverages advanced natural language processing (NLP) to understand questions about your codebase, offering precise answers and code snippets. It indexes your repositories and documentation, creating a searchable knowledge base. Users can then pose questions in natural language, which the platform processes to identify relevant code segments and documentation excerpts. This makes it particularly useful for developers, technical writers, and teams seeking rapid, context-aware answers within their existing projects, enhancing productivity and reducing search time.
Wren AI is an open-source SQL AI Agent that empowers users to obtain results and insights from databases faster by asking questions in natural language, eliminating the need to write SQL. Wren AI employs a semantic engine architecture, allowing users to establish a logical layer on their data schema using "Modeling Definition Language." This enables the LLM to understand the business context, generate accurate SQL queries, and provide AI-generated summaries with its GenBI feature, which converts data into actionable visuals. Wren AI supports various databases, LLMs, and analytics tools and can be deployed in any environment. N8n is a workflow automation platform designed for technical teams. It allows users to connect various apps and services to automate tasks without code. Technically, n8n operates through a node-based system where each node represents a specific action or integration. Users create workflows by linking these nodes together in a visual editor, defining the flow of data and operations. n8n can be self-hosted or used via a cloud version, offering flexibility and control. It's particularly useful for developers, IT professionals, and data engineers who need to streamline processes and integrate different systems. N8n N8n The Eclipse Theia IDE is an extensible, open-source IDE available for both web and desktop use. Built on the Theia platform, it supports AI-powered features like chat, code completion, terminal assistance, and custom agents, leveraging arbitrary LLMs. Theia uses a modular architecture, allowing for custom extensions and tailored tool creation. While incorporating components like the Monaco editor from VS Code, it's independently developed and not a fork. Theia is ideal for developers seeking a customizable, vendor-neutral IDE with modern UX and AI integration, deployable across different environments. The Eclipse Theia IDE The Eclipse Theia IDE Adrenaline is a platform engineered to streamline code-related inquiries by connecting directly to your GitHub repositories and documentation. It leverages advanced natural language processing (NLP) to understand questions about your codebase, offering precise answers and code snippets. It indexes your repositories and documentation, creating a searchable knowledge base. Users can then pose questions in natural language, which the platform processes to identify relevant code segments and documentation excerpts. This makes it particularly useful for developers, technical writers, and teams seeking rapid, context-aware answers within their existing projects, enhancing productivity and reducing search time. Adrenaline Adrenaline Wren AI is an open-source SQL AI Agent that empowers users to obtain results and insights from databases faster by asking questions in natural language, eliminating the need to write SQL. Wren AI employs a semantic engine architecture, allowing users to establish a logical layer on their data schema using "Modeling Definition Language." This enables the LLM to understand the business context, generate accurate SQL queries, and provide AI-generated summaries with its GenBI feature, which converts data into actionable visuals. Wren AI supports various databases, LLMs, and analytics tools and can be deployed in any environment. Wren AI Wren AI And that wraps up this issue of "This Week in AI Engineering." This Week in AI Engineering. Thank you for tuning in! Be sure to share this newsletter with your fellow AI enthusiasts and follow for more weekly updates. Until next time, happy building!

AI Girlfriends Just Got Real

Cross-Platform Design Wrapped Part 2: Creating App Architecture 

Not Sure Why Your Landing Page Isn't Converting? Ask Your Audience Are visitors arriving at your landing page, but leads seem to be an elusive dream? If that's the case, you've encountered a pressing issue. You might find yourself endlessly examining your webpage, scrutinizing the text, and obsessing over every detail. Alternatively, you can take a more straightforward route: ask your audience. When it comes to determining what works and what doesn't in terms of your digital assets' design and messaging, your audience is the ultimate authority. The most effective way to identify obstacles to conversion is to gather feedback from them. But how can you do that? We'll explore your options shortly. First, let's delve into audience personas and personalized marketing. Crafting for Your Target Audience Effective Marketing Is All About Personalization, and the Statistics Make a Compelling Case: Personalized messaging is the primary strategy employed by marketers to enhance engagement rates. An astounding 99% of marketers believe that personalization is instrumental in building and fortifying customer relationships. Eight out of ten consumers display a greater inclination to purchase from a brand that offers personalized experiences. In the realm of a landing page, personalization entails customizing every element of your design and content to resonate with a specific audience. Visualize your ideal customer – consider their age, occupation, location, preferences, dislikes, objectives, and the problem your product or service can resolve. Utilize this persona to shape your landing page content, a task easier said than done. This Is Where User Feedback Becomes a Crucial Component. Gathering User Feedback for Your Landing Page If your content fails to inspire and engage your audience, your landing page's conversion rate will inevitably suffer. Thankfully, user feedback is a reliable method to ensure that your page strikes a chord with the right people. User feedback can take various forms and encompass both quantitative and qualitative insights. There are numerous approaches to engage with your audience: You can create surveys and encourage your audience to participate in them. Surveys can yield valuable insights, but there's no assurance that your audience will take time out of their day to offer honest and actionable feedback. You can send emails to your database, requesting feedback. Yet again, your audience might lack the time or inclination to provide feedback. Furthermore, without structured questions, the feedback you receive may not supply the answers necessary to enhance your landing page's conversion rate. Investing in user testing is another option. User testing guarantees authentic human insights that inform design choices effectively. User Testing for Landing Pages: User testing is a valuable tool for identifying shortcomings on your landing page, and it requires minimal time investment. Numerous online user testing platforms enable quick test setup and rapid feedback collection. The Significance of User Messaging in Various Testing Scenarios: A/B Testing: A/B testing involves assessing multiple variables to optimize different aspects of your landing page. Here are some typical variables to consider when getting started: a. Evaluate various types of content and messaging. Content: b. Determine the most effective delivery times for your content. Timing: c. Test the impact of segmented notifications. Push Notifications: d. Analyze regional needs and trends. Location: To start with A/B testing, focus on fundamental elements and conduct user testing to discover which options resonate best with your audience. Elements to test include the title, subtitle, icon, logo, badge, URL, message, sound, call-to-action, image, color, graphics, font, and buttons. To get the most from these elements, emphasize factors such as graphical appeal, type and tone, time urgency, data and particularity, explicit callouts, and personalization. Experimentation is a recommended approach to validate your messaging strategy, ensuring it's based on actual data rather than outdated or inaccurate assumptions. Social Media Design Post Testing: For social media marketing, staying current with trends in content, design, and user interactions is crucial. The digital realm offers vast outreach, but winning over your target audience and knowing how they perceive your content and design are essential. To achieve a well-designed post that makes a good first impression, garners audience trust, and leads to higher conversions, user testing is indispensable. Elements to test include video length, CTA placement, post copy length, messaging, design style, ad format, ad objective, target audience, and specific ad types (e.g., graphic, post, banner, thumbnail, canvas, story, cover). Consider testing with various audience segments to ensure comprehensive feedback and reduce the likelihood of overlooking important details. With the results in hand, you can perform a SWOT analysis based on user responses, statistics, and strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Ad Campaign Testing: User testing is instrumental in optimizing your ad campaigns to achieve effective results. With a significant of online ads failing, it's unwise to launch a campaign without testing your creative materials. number User testing helps you understand how to make a positive first impression on end users and clarifies the objectives behind your ads, such as product descriptions, rational benefits, emotional benefits, reasons to believe, and calls to action. It aids in identifying confusing phrases and ideas, the preferred language of the audience, popular visual styles, weak points in your campaign, engagement levels, understanding, inspiration, and unique relevance. By implementing user testing results in your ad campaigns, you can significantly enhance the desired responses. This strategic approach to message testing contributes to improved campaign performance. Website Usability Testing: Website usability testing goes beyond assessing the usability of a website. It encompasses a wide range of findings and aspects that provide valuable insights into what makes a product truly "usable." This usability extends across various formats, including economical design, branding design, and sales-oriented layouts for web pages intended for real-world use. User messaging methods play a pivotal role in usability testing for a product or website. It's essential to analyze how users interact with and encounter issues in the web design or interface as early as possible. Tests can be conducted on early design versions or the current design to gauge its effectiveness. The results, particularly concerning interactive and graphical design elements, offer guidance for overall improvements or adjustments in specific areas to enhance usability. These guidelines inform design enhancements for the user interface. Usability Elements and Visual Factors heavily rely on user messaging. Visual factors significantly impact the overall user experience and warrant special attention. Key aspects include font and color usage, branding, design colors, navigation, content organization, titles, sections, usability features, helpful content, intentional content, accessibility, and credibility. User messaging on design copies, components, or web pages can be executed through a user testing method to comprehend how the audience perceives and comprehends design elements, visuals, color schemes, content formatting, and more. Having a visually appealing website is important, but it's equally crucial to ensure that users can navigate it effortlessly. Validate your copy's usability first. Prototype Testing: User messaging offers various advantages during prototype evaluation. It allows you to identify your target audience from the crowd, providing an opportunity to inspire them with your innovations and design a product they'll love at first sight. Validating your designs with users ensures your future product aligns with their needs, helping prevent operational blindness by targeting the right user group during development. By obtaining user messaging in the early stages of design, you can save both time and money while overcoming potential challenges. It enables you to validate different prototyping approaches with the specific audience you are targeting for your business. The key elements to consider for prototype testing are project requirements, framework for the prototype, user base information, features, blueprint, research, wireframing, UI design, UX optimization, custom web design, and B2B branding. Messaging from the targeted audience helps identify uncertainties from the conceptual phase of your digital products, providing constructive feedback before the development stage to ensure you're on the right track. Information Architecture Testing: Information architecture (IA) forms the foundation of an exceptional user experience, and user messaging plays a critical role in IA design. Your audience's messaging regarding your content and context is of paramount importance, as it drives effective IA web design. It involves understanding user interests, needs, in-depth research, and user acquisition. The results obtained through user messaging help you create an effective information architecture by considering several factors derived from your targeted group's messaging and validating your user needs for optimal user experiences. These factors include the primary purpose, understanding the vision, users' goals, product value to end-users, creating user personas, establishing a hierarchy for user-friendly navigation, formulating content, building a UI prototype, creating wireframes, development, feedback, product adjustment, and grouping. Information architecture also plays a vital role in benefiting businesses by enhancing brand reputation, generating leads, reducing costs, and boosting sales. IA components help users easily find the information they seek. Implementing user responses from the target audience through user messaging is a promising approach to enhancing information architecture. If you have any questions or inquiries about User Testing or User Validation, please do not hesitate to ! reach out

Low Landing Page Conversions? Leverage Audience Insights & User Messaging in Testing

Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea by Jules Verne, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . THE GRECIAN ARCHIPELAGO here CHAPTER VI: THE GRECIAN ARCHIPELAGO The next day, the 12th of February, at the dawn of day, the rose to the surface. I hastened on to the platform. Three miles to the south the dim outline of Pelusium was to be seen. A torrent had carried us from one sea to another. About seven o’clock Ned and Conseil joined me. Nautilus “Well, Sir Naturalist,” said the Canadian, in a slightly jovial tone, “and the Mediterranean?” “We are floating on its surface, friend Ned.” “What!” said Conseil, “this very night.” “Yes, this very night; in a few minutes we have passed this impassable isthmus.” “I do not believe it,” replied the Canadian. “Then you are wrong, Master Land,” I continued; “this low coast which rounds off to the south is the Egyptian coast. And you who have such good eyes, Ned, you can see the jetty of Port Said stretching into the sea.” The Canadian looked attentively. “Certainly you are right, sir, and your Captain is a first-rate man. We are in the Mediterranean. Good! Now, if you please, let us talk of our own little affair, but so that no one hears us.” I saw what the Canadian wanted, and, in any case, I thought it better to let him talk, as he wished it; so we all three went and sat down near the lantern, where we were less exposed to the spray of the blades. “Now, Ned, we listen; what have you to tell us?” “What I have to tell you is very simple. We are in Europe; and before Captain Nemo’s caprices drag us once more to the bottom of the Polar Seas, or lead us into Oceania, I ask to leave the .” Nautilus I wished in no way to shackle the liberty of my companions, but I certainly felt no desire to leave Captain Nemo. Thanks to him, and thanks to his apparatus, I was each day nearer the completion of my submarine studies; and I was rewriting my book of submarine depths in its very element. Should I ever again have such an opportunity of observing the wonders of the ocean? No, certainly not! And I could not bring myself to the idea of abandoning the before the cycle of investigation was accomplished. Nautilus “Friend Ned, answer me frankly, are you tired of being on board? Are you sorry that destiny has thrown us into Captain Nemo’s hands?” The Canadian remained some moments without answering. Then, crossing his arms, he said: “Frankly, I do not regret this journey under the seas. I shall be glad to have made it; but, now that it is made, let us have done with it. That is my idea.” “It will come to an end, Ned.” “Where and when?” “Where I do not know—when I cannot say; or, rather, I suppose it will end when these seas have nothing more to teach us.” “Then what do you hope for?” demanded the Canadian. “That circumstances may occur as well six months hence as now by which we may and ought to profit.” “Oh!” said Ned Land, “and where shall we be in six months, if you please, Sir Naturalist?” “Perhaps in China; you know the is a rapid traveller. It goes through water as swallows through the air, or as an express on the land. It does not fear frequented seas; who can say that it may not beat the coasts of France, England, or America, on which flight may be attempted as advantageously as here.” Nautilus “M. Aronnax,” replied the Canadian, “your arguments are rotten at the foundation. You speak in the future, ‘We shall be there! we shall be here!’ I speak in the present, ‘We are here, and we must profit by it.’” Ned Land’s logic pressed me hard, and I felt myself beaten on that ground. I knew not what argument would now tell in my favour. “Sir,” continued Ned, “let us suppose an impossibility: if Captain Nemo should this day offer you your liberty; would you accept it?” “I do not know,” I answered. “And if,” he added, “the offer made you this day was never to be renewed, would you accept it?” “Friend Ned, this is my answer. Your reasoning is against me. We must not rely on Captain Nemo’s good-will. Common prudence forbids him to set us at liberty. On the other side, prudence bids us profit by the first opportunity to leave the .” Nautilus “Well, M. Aronnax, that is wisely said.” “Only one observation—just one. The occasion must be serious, and our first attempt must succeed; if it fails, we shall never find another, and Captain Nemo will never forgive us.” “All that is true,” replied the Canadian. “But your observation applies equally to all attempts at flight, whether in two years’ time, or in two days’. But the question is still this: If a favourable opportunity presents itself, it must be seized.” “Agreed! And now, Ned, will you tell me what you mean by a favourable opportunity?” “It will be that which, on a dark night, will bring the a short distance from some European coast.” Nautilus “And you will try and save yourself by swimming?” “Yes, if we were near enough to the bank, and if the vessel was floating at the time. Not if the bank was far away, and the boat was under the water.” “And in that case?” “In that case, I should seek to make myself master of the pinnace. I know how it is worked. We must get inside, and the bolts once drawn, we shall come to the surface of the water, without even the pilot, who is in the bows, perceiving our flight.” “Well, Ned, watch for the opportunity; but do not forget that a hitch will ruin us.” “I will not forget, sir.” “And now, Ned, would you like to know what I think of your project?” “Certainly, M. Aronnax.” “Well, I think—I do not say I hope—I think that this favourable opportunity will never present itself.” “Why not?” “Because Captain Nemo cannot hide from himself that we have not given up all hope of regaining our liberty, and he will be on his guard, above all, in the seas and in the sight of European coasts.” “We shall see,” replied Ned Land, shaking his head determinedly. “And now, Ned Land,” I added, “let us stop here. Not another word on the subject. The day that you are ready, come and let us know, and we will follow you. I rely entirely upon you.” Thus ended a conversation which, at no very distant time, led to such grave results. I must say here that facts seemed to confirm my foresight, to the Canadian’s great despair. Did Captain Nemo distrust us in these frequented seas? or did he only wish to hide himself from the numerous vessels, of all nations, which ploughed the Mediterranean? I could not tell; but we were oftener between waters and far from the coast. Or, if the did emerge, nothing was to be seen but the pilot’s cage; and sometimes it went to great depths, for, between the Grecian Archipelago and Asia Minor we could not touch the bottom by more than a thousand fathoms. Nautilus Thus I only knew we were near the Island of Carpathos, one of the Sporades, by Captain Nemo reciting these lines from Virgil: “Est Carpathio Neptuni gurgite vates, Caeruleus Proteus,” as he pointed to a spot on the planisphere. It was indeed the ancient abode of Proteus, the old shepherd of Neptune’s flocks, now the Island of Scarpanto, situated between Rhodes and Crete. I saw nothing but the granite base through the glass panels of the saloon. The next day, the 14th of February, I resolved to employ some hours in studying the fishes of the Archipelago; but for some reason or other the panels remained hermetically sealed. Upon taking the course of the , I found that we were going towards Candia, the ancient Isle of Crete. At the time I embarked on the , the whole of this island had risen in insurrection against the despotism of the Turks. But how the insurgents had fared since that time I was absolutely ignorant, and it was not Captain Nemo, deprived of all land communications, who could tell me. Nautilus Abraham Lincoln I made no allusion to this event when that night I found myself alone with him in the saloon. Besides, he seemed to be taciturn and preoccupied. Then, contrary to his custom, he ordered both panels to be opened, and, going from one to the other, observed the mass of waters attentively. To what end I could not guess; so, on my side, I employed my time in studying the fish passing before my eyes. In the midst of the waters a man appeared, a diver, carrying at his belt a leathern purse. It was not a body abandoned to the waves; it was a living man, swimming with a strong hand, disappearing occasionally to take breath at the surface. I turned towards Captain Nemo, and in an agitated voice exclaimed: “A man shipwrecked! He must be saved at any price!” The Captain did not answer me, but came and leaned against the panel. The man had approached, and, with his face flattened against the glass, was looking at us. To my great amazement, Captain Nemo signed to him. The diver answered with his hand, mounted immediately to the surface of the water, and did not appear again. “Do not be uncomfortable,” said Captain Nemo. “It is Nicholas of Cape Matapan, surnamed Pesca. He is well known in all the Cyclades. A bold diver! water is his element, and he lives more in it than on land, going continually from one island to another, even as far as Crete.” “You know him, Captain?” “Why not, M. Aronnax?” Saying which, Captain Nemo went towards a piece of furniture standing near the left panel of the saloon. Near this piece of furniture, I saw a chest bound with iron, on the cover of which was a copper plate, bearing the cypher of the with its device. Nautilus At that moment, the Captain, without noticing my presence, opened the piece of furniture, a sort of strong box, which held a great many ingots. They were ingots of gold. From whence came this precious metal, which represented an enormous sum? Where did the Captain gather this gold from? and what was he going to do with it? I did not say one word. I looked. Captain Nemo took the ingots one by one, and arranged them methodically in the chest, which he filled entirely. I estimated the contents at more than 4,000 lbs. weight of gold, that is to say, nearly £200,000. The chest was securely fastened, and the Captain wrote an address on the lid, in characters which must have belonged to Modern Greece. This done, Captain Nemo pressed a knob, the wire of which communicated with the quarters of the crew. Four men appeared, and, not without some trouble, pushed the chest out of the saloon. Then I heard them hoisting it up the iron staircase by means of pulleys. At that moment, Captain Nemo turned to me. “And you were saying, sir?” said he. “I was saying nothing, Captain.” “Then, sir, if you will allow me, I will wish you good night.” Whereupon he turned and left the saloon. I returned to my room much troubled, as one may believe. I vainly tried to sleep—I sought the connecting link between the apparition of the diver and the chest filled with gold. Soon, I felt by certain movements of pitching and tossing that the was leaving the depths and returning to the surface. Nautilus Then I heard steps upon the platform; and I knew they were unfastening the pinnace and launching it upon the waves. For one instant it struck the side of the , then all noise ceased. Nautilus Two hours after, the same noise, the same going and coming was renewed; the boat was hoisted on board, replaced in its socket, and the again plunged under the waves. Nautilus So these millions had been transported to their address. To what point of the continent? Who was Captain Nemo’s correspondent? The next day I related to Conseil and the Canadian the events of the night, which had excited my curiosity to the highest degree. My companions were not less surprised than myself. “But where does he take his millions to?” asked Ned Land. To that there was no possible answer. I returned to the saloon after having breakfast and set to work. Till five o’clock in the evening I employed myself in arranging my notes. At that moment—(ought I to attribute it to some peculiar idiosyncrasy)—I felt so great a heat that I was obliged to take off my coat. It was strange, for we were under low latitudes; and even then the , submerged as it was, ought to experience no change of temperature. I looked at the manometer; it showed a depth of sixty feet, to which atmospheric heat could never attain. Nautilus I continued my work, but the temperature rose to such a pitch as to be intolerable. “Could there be fire on board?” I asked myself. I was leaving the saloon, when Captain Nemo entered; he approached the thermometer, consulted it, and, turning to me, said: “Forty-two degrees.” “I have noticed it, Captain,” I replied; “and if it gets much hotter we cannot bear it.” “Oh, sir, it will not get better if we do not wish it.” “You can reduce it as you please, then?” “No; but I can go farther from the stove which produces it.” “It is outward, then!” “Certainly; we are floating in a current of boiling water.” “Is it possible!” I exclaimed. “Look.” The panels opened, and I saw the sea entirely white all round. A sulphurous smoke was curling amid the waves, which boiled like water in a copper. I placed my hand on one of the panes of glass, but the heat was so great that I quickly took it off again. “Where are we?” I asked. “Near the Island of Santorin, sir,” replied the Captain. “I wished to give you a sight of the curious spectacle of a submarine eruption.” “I thought,” said I, “that the formation of these new islands was ended.” “Nothing is ever ended in the volcanic parts of the sea,” replied Captain Nemo; “and the globe is always being worked by subterranean fires. Already, in the nineteenth year of our era, according to Cassiodorus and Pliny, a new island, Theia (the divine), appeared in the very place where these islets have recently been formed. Then they sank under the waves, to rise again in the year 69, when they again subsided. Since that time to our days the Plutonian work has been suspended. But on the 3rd of February, 1866, a new island, which they named George Island, emerged from the midst of the sulphurous vapour near Nea Kamenni, and settled again the 6th of the same month. Seven days after, the 13th of February, the Island of Aphroessa appeared, leaving between Nea Kamenni and itself a canal ten yards broad. I was in these seas when the phenomenon occurred, and I was able therefore to observe all the different phases. The Island of Aphroessa, of round form, measured 300 feet in diameter, and 30 feet in height. It was composed of black and vitreous lava, mixed with fragments of felspar. And lastly, on the 10th of March, a smaller island, called Reka, showed itself near Nea Kamenni, and since then these three have joined together, forming but one and the same island.” “And the canal in which we are at this moment?” I asked. “Here it is,” replied Captain Nemo, showing me a map of the Archipelago. “You see, I have marked the new islands.” I returned to the glass. The was no longer moving, the heat was becoming unbearable. The sea, which till now had been white, was red, owing to the presence of salts of iron. In spite of the ship’s being hermetically sealed, an insupportable smell of sulphur filled the saloon, and the brilliancy of the electricity was entirely extinguished by bright scarlet flames. I was in a bath, I was choking, I was broiled. Nautilus “We can remain no longer in this boiling water,” said I to the Captain. “It would not be prudent,” replied the impassive Captain Nemo. An order was given; the tacked about and left the furnace it could not brave with impunity. A quarter of an hour after we were breathing fresh air on the surface. The thought then struck me that, if Ned Land had chosen this part of the sea for our flight, we should never have come alive out of this sea of fire. Nautilus The next day, the 16th of February, we left the basin which, between Rhodes and Alexandria, is reckoned about 1,500 fathoms in depth, and the , passing some distance from Cerigo, quitted the Grecian Archipelago after having doubled Cape Matapan. Nautilus About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Jules Verne (1994). Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved October 2022 https://www.gutenberg.org/files/164/164-h/164-h.htm This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

THE GRECIAN ARCHIPELAGO

12 Augmented Reality Trends of 2023: New Milestones in Immersive Technology

The Beautiful and Damned: Book I, Chapter I - ANTHONY PATCH 

Are you looking for the Best Online Code editors? Then here is the collection of Best Online Code Editors For Web Developers. What is an online code editor? An online code editor is a tool that resides on a remote server and is accessible via browsers. Some online code editors have basic features more similar to text editors while others are like complete IDEs. In this article, we will review both types. Some online code editors focus on one language or even a framework. For example, there are products that call themselves – JavaScript online code editors or react online editors. As a developer, your main tool is obviously the one that allows you to turn your ideas into code: A text editor. As time goes by, more online text editors are created that can help you code from any computer with Internet access. In this article, let’s take a look at 10+ useful online code editors. Following are the major advantages of using online code editors Zero setups. You won’t have to download, install and configure an IDES Sharing and Collaboration. Start coding and then forward the URL to your colleague to continue your work or help you debug it Zero or little cost. The vast majority of online code editors have free versions that will be enough for you for most of the daily tasks Subscription-based pricing. It might be very useful to pay monthly for online editors instead of yearly licenses. How to choose an online code editor? Most famous online code editors share many great features. These include autocompletion, Git integration, plugin support, CI/CD pipelines, and others. But it’s the little things that can make a specific editor a better fit for you than others. Let’s run through some aspects you need to keep in mind choosing an online IDE/code editor: How fast an application works Languages support For free editors: how many ads it shows Ease of setup Integrations with repository managers NPM support A number of text and layout settings Terminal support Before you start the collection, Check and . Vuexy - Vuejs, React, Angular, HTML & Laravel Admin Dashboard Template Materio VueJS Admin Template Now, let's begin the collection..!! StackBlitz claims to allow you to code the future in your browser. And after trying it, I’m confident you’ll agree that this web application is extremely useful for coders. StackBlitz StackBlitz features 5 workspaces: React, AngularJS, JavaScript, Ignite UI, and KendoReact. Once launched, you will notice a similarity between StackBlitz and the VSCode editor, which is a good thing if you’re used to Microsoft’s editor. Another extremely cool StackBlitz feature is that all applications get deployed automatically on their servers, and hosted for free. Features: Native support for Firebase (which is something I don’t personally use, but hey, it’s a boon for those not wanting to dive into the murky depths of the backend) Intellisense, Project Search Hot reloading as you type Import npm packages Edit offline when not connected! Codepen Probably the most popular online code editor. is fast, easy to use, and allows a web developer to write and share HTML/CSS/JS code online. CodePen is free and creating an account isn’t mandatory, so you can start writing code and create a new web application straight from your web browser quickly and efficiently. CodePen CodePen editor allows you to use Vim Key Bindings which are command-line keyboard shortcuts. Both of these tools together can help to create a faster workflow. Features: File system Autocomplete Private sandboxes Website deployment Collaboration mode CodeSandbox can be thought of as a much more powerful and complete take on JSFiddle. True to its name, CodeSandbox provides a complete code editor experience and a sandboxed environment for front-end development. CodeSandbox This complete development environment is loaded with many features and code templates that will definitely make your coding faster and easier. Features: Yes, you can add pretty much any package that is available on npm. Npm support: You can split your code into multiple files, add/remove images from the public folder, and build/import modules as you see fit. The workflow mirrors that of a modern module bundler, so you don’t need to set up (almost) anything. Files, folders, modules: Support for TypeScript, hot reloading, GitHub export, static file hosting, etc. It is built on , the same beast that powers the favorite editor. This brings powerful features like “Go To,” “Find References,” and necessary refactoring to your fingertips! Monaco editor VSCode Snippet support for Emmet Integrated DevTools, linting, error overlays, testing frameworks (Jest), keybindings, and more. Powerful CLI to directly import local projects into CodeSandbox. JSFiddle While can’t replace a full-fledged text editor, it does a damn good job of handling one-off frontend scripts. It’s so popular that Q&A sites like StackOverflow already support the embedding of JSFiddle links directly in their platform. JSFiddle Advantages: Free to use (no hidden fee or freemium features). JSFiddle supports itself through ads (at least as of writing), and you can see an Adobe ad in the lower left of the screenshot above. Code collaboration features — ideal for building concepts together, interviews, etc. Multiple layouts, font sizes, light/dark themes, etc.Code formatting (tidying), upcoming support for linters (CSS and JS), and more JSbin is an online text editor primarily focused on Javascript, with a fast and simple interface. Each of your code snippets can be tested through your web browser, and then exported into a text file. JSBin Another good thing to note is that JSBin can import popular HTML/CSS/JS frameworks such as jQuery and Bootstrap, allowing you to easily create modern pages and web applications. Features: Live reload both in the editor and in full preview Codecasting - blog postConsoleFull unmodified rendered view Gist support: import and export Processors. HTML. CSS. Sass & SCSS (with Compass & Bourbon) Debug/source mode Gitpod is a refreshing take on cloud code editors (or IDEs, if you will) that aims to keep your code always tested and up to date. In other words, it’s deeply integrated with GitHub, and every time you add code, it runs your testing and CI/CD pipelines to make sure code is always at 100% health. Gitpod Worth checking out if you love the VSCode experience and want something that supports all major back-end/front-end languages and frameworks - Gitpod applies lessons learned from infrastructure-as-code. Spinning up dev environments is easily repeatable and reproducible empowering you to automate, version-control, and share dev environments across your team. Dev environments as code Features: Prebuilt dev environments Integrated Docker build GitLab, GitHub, and Bitbucket integration Integrated code reviews Collaboration Codespace is a configurable cloud development environment available in your browser on GitHub or through Visual Studio Code. A codespace includes everything developers need to develop for a specific repository, including the Visual Studio Code editing experience and common languages, tools, and utilities Codespaces Theia If you’re a die-hard SOLID fan and a nit-picking software architect, the will tickle your separation-of-concerns bone. It’s a TypeScript-coded (five points for style straightaway!) code IDE that has a perfectly separate front-end and backend. The front-end runs in a browser, while the backend can be anywhere — local machine or the cloud! Theia IDE But that’s not all — the front-end can be run as an Electron app with a fully functional, isolated browser environment, giving you the look-and-feel of a native desktop app should you crave it. Features: Establish a platform to build IDE-like products. Provide the end-user with a full-fledged multi-language IDE (not just a smart editor) Support equally the paradigm of Cloud IDE and Desktop IDE. Provide support for multiple languages via the language and debug server protocols. Coder is a VSCode environment bundled in a server that can be run locally or in the cloud. The recommended configuration is to run the IDE as a server in the cloud and access it locally via the browser. There are prebuilt Docker images for zero-hassle setups, and an enterprise plan should you need support or have different needs. Coder AWS Cloud9 was arguably the first browser-based IDE that offered serious features and took the idea of browser-as-an-editor mainstream. No wonder that Amazon later acquired it, and today, Cloud9 is part of the AWS offerings. Cloud9 There are no additional charges for using Cloud9. You can connect Cloud9 to an existing/new AWS compute instance, and you pay only for that instance. It’s also possible to connect to a third-party server over SSH — for exactly no fee Features: First-class support for AWS Serverless applications (debugging, etc.) Direct terminal access to AWS from within the editor Over 40 programming languages supported (Go, C++, Ruby, Node, Python, PHP, Java . . . take your pick) Replit Replit is a free, collaborative, in-browser IDE to code in 50+ languages. It is the best tool for quickly starting, sharing, and developing projects in any programming language, right from your browser. Features: In browser IDE GitHub integration API and Plugins Host and Deploy Glitch Glitch is a new coding website from Fog Creek Software (which built Trello and FogBugz and is led by tech entrepreneur Anil Dash) with a simple goal: to provide “a friendly community where you'll build the app of your dreams.” There's no need to reconfigure your machine and no deployment setup — as soon as you create a new project, your Glitch app is live. Share or embed it anywhere. You can even add a custom domain to make it your own. Glitch handles all the setup so you can focus on building your new app. Conclusion: This was the collection of the best online code editors for web developers in 2022. This is of course not a complete list, as there are many other online code editors available on the internet that you can use. We have collected these online editor tools by their popularity. Pick any of them as per your need and requirements. Do not forget to bookmark and share this collection. Also published at https://dev.to/theme_selection/best-online-code-editors-for-web-developers-5bpn

Best Online Code Editors To Use In 2022🚀

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Github Codespaces Vs. Gitpod: Choosing the Best Online Code Editor

Hi! In this blog, we will see how to integrate paytm payment gateway in React-Native. Mobile wallets have become immensely popular in recent years, and paytm is highly trusted among online customers. Many people use it every day for doing online recharges, DTH & other bill payments. It reduces the risk of exposing customer’s banking credentials and credit card details to hackers. Therefore, Paytm is a good solution for online payments on your Website and Mobile Apps. Before we begin integrating paytm gateway into our React-Native app, create an account on paytm as a merchant. Step 1: Installing Required Libraries Install the following libraries in your React-Native app npm install paytm_allinone_react-native — save
npx react-native link Step 2: Including the Necessary Maven Repository In the project level, build.gradle file add the following line in the repositories section allprojects {
  repositories {
      ...      maven {
          url "https://artifactory.paytm.in/libs-release-local"                   }   
}
 } Step 3: Including Necessary Libraries to Make HTTP Requests Next in the app level build.gradle file add the following dependencies implementation "com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:4.2.1"
implementation "com.squareup.okhttp3:logging-interceptor:4.2.1" 
implementation "com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp-urlconnection:4.2.1" Step 4: Installing Core Node-js Module Crypto After all of this is done, some other things need to be done, which are not mentioned in the official documentation of PayTm. First of all, install core node-js module crypto as mentioned in this article in your react native app. React-Native**-Randombytes** Step 5: Installing Once the crypto module is installed and React-Native-Randombytes is installed, go to the paytmchecksum folder located inside the node_modules folder. Make the following changes to paytmchecksum.js file. //import crypto module from root directory
const crypto = require('./../../crypto')
//Import randombytes dependency 
import { randomBytes } from 'react-native-randombytes' Make sure your generateRandomString function located in paytmchecksum.js looks like this: static generateRandomString(length) {
   return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
      randomBytes((length * 3.0) / 4.0, function (err, buf){                       if (!err) {
             var salt = buf.toString("base64");
             resolve(salt);
       }
          else {
            console.log("error occurred in generateRandomString: " + err);
        reject(err);   }
    });
  });
 } Step 6: Writing a Method to Initiate the Transaction and Generate Transaction Token Once all these things are done, we can actually start writing code for making payments. We will use the fetch module instead of the HTTPS module to make requests. To make any transaction, we first need to generate a transaction token. //method to get txn token 
import PaytmChecksum from 'paytmchecksum'
const merchantId ="Your merchant Id"
const data = {orderId:"01",txnAmount:"1",customerId:"001"}
export function getTxnToken(data){
   
           var paytmParams = {};
           paytmParams.body = {
             "requestType"   : "Payment",
             "mid"           : merchantId,
             "websiteName"   : "WEBSTAGING",
             "orderId"       : data.orderId+"",
             "callbackUrl"   : "https://merchant.com/callback",
             "txnAmount"     : {
                 "value"     : data.txnAmount,
                 "currency"  : "INR",
              },
             "userInfo"      : {
                 "custId"    : data.customerId,
             },
  //You can enable any other modes if you want 
   "enablePaymentMode":[
            {"mode" : "UPI",channel:     ["UPI","UPIPUSH"]}, {"mode":"DEBIT_CARD",channel:["RUPAY"]}
            ]
          };
PaytmChecksum.generateSignature(JSON.stringify(paytmParams.body), "L&qCdepjSHKzEX0l").then(function(checksum){
    paytmParams.head = {
       "signature"    : checksum
    };
     var post_data = JSON.stringify(paytmParams);
     var options = {
         /* for Staging */
         hostname: 'securegw-stage.paytm.in',
         /* for Production */
         // hostname: 'securegw.paytm.in',
          port: 443,
          path: '/theia/api/v1/initiateTransaction?'+    'mid='+merchantId+'&orderId='+data.orderId+'',
          method: 'POST',
         headers: {
           'Content-Type': 'application/json',
           'Content-Length': post_data.length
         },
         body:post_data
};
fetch('https://securegw-stage.paytm.in/theia/api/v1/initiateTransaction?mid='+merchantId+'='+data.orderId+'',options)
.then((response)=>{
    response.json()
    .then((txnToken)=>{
//here call the method to start transaction.
     startTransaction({orderId:"01",txnToken:txnToken,amount:"1"});   
     })
   .catch((error)=>{
      //Handle the error
      console.log(error);
      })
    })
  })
 
} Step 7: Writing a Method to Start a Transaction Once we have the method to generate a transaction token, we can write a method to start a transaction. import AllInOneSDKManager from 'paytm_allinone_react-native';
const data = {orderId:'01',txnToken:"",amount:"01"}
export function startTransaction(data){
   
       
       AllInOneSDKManager.startTransaction(      data.orderId,merchantId,data.txnToken,data.amount,"https://merchant.com/callback",true,false)
.then((txnDetails)=>{
   //txn is successful
   //Verify the txnDetails call fetchTxnStatus method
   fetchTxnStatus({orderId:"01"})
  }).catch((error)=>{
      //handle the error
      console.log(error);
   })
 
} Step 8: Writing a Method to Fetch Transaction Status Once the transaction is successful, we have to fetch transaction status from paytm servers and then show the payment confirmation message to the user. Here’s how to fetch transaction status. //function to fetch transaction status of a transaction
export function fetchTxnStatus(data){
   
      
      var paytmParams = {};
      paytmParams.body = {
      "mid" : "your merchant Id",
      "orderId" : data.orderId+'',
    };
   PaytmChecksum.generateSignature(JSON.stringify(paytmParams.body),     "your_merchant_key").then(function(checksum){
   paytmParams.head = {
     "signature" : checksum
   };
  var post_data = JSON.stringify(paytmParams);
  var options = {
     hostname: 'securegw-stage.paytm.in',
     /* for Production */
    // hostname: 'securegw.paytm.in',
    port: 443,
    path: '/v3/order/status',
    method: 'POST',
    headers: {
       'Content-Type': 'application/json',
       'Content-Length': post_data.length
     },
    body:post_data
};
fetch("https://securegw-stage.paytm.in/v3/order/status",options)
.then((response)=>{
    response.json().then((txnStatus)=>{
    
    if(txnStatus.body.resultInfo.resultCode=="01"){
       //show that the transaction was successful
       //You can call a function to confirm the payment
       console.log("Transaction Successful");
}else{
       //show that there was some problem with transaction
       //txnStatus.body.resultInfo.resultCode=="400" means pending
       //complete list of responses and their meanings
}
  })
 .catch((error)=>{
     //handle error
     console.log(error);
    })
   })
 });
 
} That’s all, folks! Now you can start receiving payments. References https://developer.paytm.com/docs/all-in-one-sdk/hybrid-apps/react-native/ https://developer.paytm.com/docs/api/initiate-transaction-api/?ref=payments https://javascript.plainenglish.io/using-core-node-js-modules-in-react-native-apps-e6002a33b6ff https://developer.paytm.com/docs/api/v3/transaction-status-api/?ref=payments

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