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Department for Science, Innovation and Technology

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Perception System

perceptionsystem

Table of links ABSTRACT 1 INTRODUCTION 2 BACKGROUND: OMNIDIRECTIONAL 3D OBJECT DETECTION 3 PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENT 3.1 Experiment Setup 3.2 Observations 3.3 Summary and Challenges 4 OVERVIEW OF PANOPTICUS 5 MULTI-BRANCH OMNIDIRECTIONAL 3D OBJECT DETECTION 5.1 Model Design 6 SPATIAL-ADAPTIVE EXECUTION 6.1 Performance Prediction 5.2 Model Adaptation 6.2 Execution Scheduling 7 IMPLEMENTATION 8 EVALUATION 8.1 Testbed and Dataset 8.2 Experiment Setup 8.3 Performance 8.4 Robustness 8.5 Component Analysis 8.6 Overhead 9 RELATED WORK 10 DISCUSSION AND FUTURE WORK 11 CONCLUSION AND REFERENCES 9 RELATED WORK 9 RELATED WORK Adaptive object detection systems. Many computer vision systems designed for resource-constrained edge devices have achieved efficient resource utilization by adapting to the video content or computing budgets [14, 15, 19, 22, 50]. In parallel with these advancements, several works have specifically focused on adaptive object detection methods [3, 28, 49], facilitating valuable applications such as edge video analytics or mobile augmented reality. For instance, ApproxDet [49] presented a multi-branch framework that switches between a detector and a tracker based on awareness of video content characteristics and resource contention. Remix [28] brings video content adaptiveness by partitioning images and selectively applying neural networks with different scales. However, existing adaptive methods fall short in supporting resource-efficient omnidirectional 3D detection. This type of detection requires processing each camera view using different 3D perception capabilities, such as enhanced estimation of objects’ 3D location and velocity. To process each view optimally, Panopticus predicts its expected performance based on short-term future dynamics in the spatial distribution, which is crucial for mobile scenarios. Although Remix [28] utilizes performance estimation based on object distribution, it relies on long-term historical distribution and does not account for various object characteristics in 3D, which is unsuitable for our system’s setting 3D object detection on edge devices. With the rapid advancement of edge computing, there is an increasing demand for employing 3D object detection on edge devices. DeepMix [18] addressed the limitations of edge resources by delegating the compute-intensive 2D detection tasks to a server equipped with high-performance GPUs. The other lightweight tasks, such as estimating the 3D location of detected objects using a depth sensor, are efficiently handled by mobile devices. Another solution, PointSplit [37], proposed a parallel processing technique that utilizes edge NPU and GPU to facilitate on-device execution of RGB-D camera-based 3D detection. This approach exemplifies the trend of harnessing the power of specialized AI accelerators to meet the demands of edge computing [26, 27, 33, 59]. VIPS [44], designed for self-driving vehicles, introduced an edge-based system that collaborates with outdoor infrastructures equipped with computing units and LiDAR sensors. This strategy effectively extended the vehicles’ perception ranges by fusing data from the onboard system and the infrastructure. Apart from these efforts, Panopticus effectively initiates a self-contained, comprehensive perception system for resource-constrained edge devices. The system introduced a novel concept of camera-based omnidirectional 3D perception optimized for edge computing abilities, eliminating the need for depth sensors or computation offloading. Authors:

Jeho Lee
Chanyoung Jung
Jiwon Kim
Hojung Cha This paper is available on arxiv under CC by 4.0 Deed (Attribution 4.0 International) license. Table of links Table of links ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT 1 INTRODUCTION 1 INTRODUCTION 1 INTRODUCTION 2 BACKGROUND: OMNIDIRECTIONAL 3D OBJECT DETECTION 2 BACKGROUND: OMNIDIRECTIONAL 3D OBJECT DETECTION 2 BACKGROUND: OMNIDIRECTIONAL 3D OBJECT DETECTION 3 PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENT 3 PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENT 3 PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENT 3.1 Experiment Setup 3.2 Observations 3.3 Summary and Challenges 4 OVERVIEW OF PANOPTICUS 4 OVERVIEW OF PANOPTICUS 4 OVERVIEW OF PANOPTICUS 5 MULTI-BRANCH OMNIDIRECTIONAL 3D OBJECT DETECTION 5 MULTI-BRANCH OMNIDIRECTIONAL 3D OBJECT DETECTION 5 MULTI-BRANCH OMNIDIRECTIONAL 3D OBJECT DETECTION 5.1 Model Design 6 SPATIAL-ADAPTIVE EXECUTION 6 SPATIAL-ADAPTIVE EXECUTION 6 SPATIAL-ADAPTIVE EXECUTION 6.1 Performance Prediction 5.2 Model Adaptation 6.2 Execution Scheduling 7 IMPLEMENTATION 7 IMPLEMENTATION 7 IMPLEMENTATION 8 EVALUATION 8 EVALUATION 8 EVALUATION 8.1 Testbed and Dataset 8.2 Experiment Setup 8.3 Performance 8.4 Robustness 8.5 Component Analysis 8.6 Overhead 9 RELATED WORK 9 RELATED WORK 9 RELATED WORK 10 DISCUSSION AND FUTURE WORK 10 DISCUSSION AND FUTURE WORK 10 DISCUSSION AND FUTURE WORK 11 CONCLUSION AND REFERENCES 11 CONCLUSION AND REFERENCES 11 CONCLUSION AND REFERENCES 9 RELATED WORK 9 RELATED WORK 9 RELATED WORK Adaptive object detection systems. Many computer vision systems designed for resource-constrained edge devices have achieved efficient resource utilization by adapting to the video content or computing budgets [14, 15, 19, 22, 50]. In parallel with these advancements, several works have specifically focused on adaptive object detection methods [3, 28, 49], facilitating valuable applications such as edge video analytics or mobile augmented reality. For instance, ApproxDet [49] presented a multi-branch framework that switches between a detector and a tracker based on awareness of video content characteristics and resource contention. Remix [28] brings video content adaptiveness by partitioning images and selectively applying neural networks with different scales. However, existing adaptive methods fall short in supporting resource-efficient omnidirectional 3D detection. This type of detection requires processing each camera view using different 3D perception capabilities, such as enhanced estimation of objects’ 3D location and velocity. To process each view optimally, Panopticus predicts its expected performance based on short-term future dynamics in the spatial distribution, which is crucial for mobile scenarios. Although Remix [28] utilizes performance estimation based on object distribution, it relies on long-term historical distribution and does not account for various object characteristics in 3D, which is unsuitable for our system’s setting 3D object detection on edge devices. With the rapid advancement of edge computing, there is an increasing demand for employing 3D object detection on edge devices. DeepMix [18] addressed the limitations of edge resources by delegating the compute-intensive 2D detection tasks to a server equipped with high-performance GPUs. The other lightweight tasks, such as estimating the 3D location of detected objects using a depth sensor, are efficiently handled by mobile devices. Another solution, PointSplit [37], proposed a parallel processing technique that utilizes edge NPU and GPU to facilitate on-device execution of RGB-D camera-based 3D detection. This approach exemplifies the trend of harnessing the power of specialized AI accelerators to meet the demands of edge computing [26, 27, 33, 59]. VIPS [44], designed for self-driving vehicles, introduced an edge-based system that collaborates with outdoor infrastructures equipped with computing units and LiDAR sensors. This strategy effectively extended the vehicles’ perception ranges by fusing data from the onboard system and the infrastructure. Apart from these efforts, Panopticus effectively initiates a self-contained, comprehensive perception system for resource-constrained edge devices. The system introduced a novel concept of camera-based omnidirectional 3D perception optimized for edge computing abilities, eliminating the need for depth sensors or computation offloading. Authors: Jeho Lee
Chanyoung Jung
Jiwon Kim
Hojung Cha Authors: Jeho Lee Chanyoung Jung Jiwon Kim Hojung Cha Jeho Lee Jeho Lee Chanyoung Jung Chanyoung Jung Jiwon Kim Jiwon Kim Hojung Cha Hojung Cha This paper is available on arxiv under CC by 4.0 Deed (Attribution 4.0 International) license. This paper is available on arxiv under CC by 4.0 Deed (Attribution 4.0 International) license. available on arxiv available on arxiv

Advancements in Adaptive and 3D Object Detection for Edge AI

Uni-OVSeg: A Step Towards Efficient and Bias-Resilient Vision Systems

"How Many Colors Can the Human Eye See?": The Application

THE FUNCTION OF THE DREAM

We caught up with David Casey, Co-founder and CEO of , for a quick chat where we tried to pick his brains as much as possible. And as expected, we received some amazing insights from him regarding the crypto and DeFi industry. He spoke about the ReSource Protocol, the problem they are trying to solve, and more. In addition, David also shared his thoughts on stablecoins and their future. He also mentioned a few developments in the crypto, DeFi, and NFT space that have caught his attention. ReSource Protocol Q1: Please give us a brief introduction about you and your company. I’d like to call myself a ‘social entrepreneur’. I am a Political Economy graduate from Berkeley with a specialization in Global Poverty & Practice and Energy & Resources. This very well explains as to where my hunger for systemic changes erupts from. I have founded 3 companies while consulting and advising a number of other firms. Also, I have helped other businesses scale to the heights of 8 digits in revenue. Right now, my work is centered around leveraging blockchain technology for socio-economic transformation. From supporting the global permaculture movement to restructuring how credit works, I’m honestly someone who is working at the nexus of blockchain and impact. My company, ReSource, is working hands-on to revamp the credit system with more emphasis on respecting talents and efforts than vanity metrics. ReSource is a mutual credit protocol that allows participants to get access to affordable credit without relying on banks, creditors, or sharks. We strive to empower small-scale businesses and freelancers with stress-free credit. Q2: What are the drawbacks of the current credit setup that the mutual credit system is set out to solve? Also, please explain to us how mutual credit works. Absolutely. The current landscape of credit and lending is more of a disservice to businesses than a service. The exorbitant interest rates, the opaque terms, coupled with the moral high ground attached to the lending party have together made credit - a handicap that businesses pay and wear. Simply put, mutual credit is a commodity-backed monetary system. It is independent of initial capital in the form of money and relies more on resources like unsold inventory and/or goods or services of the same value. All the mutual obligations of the participants in the mutual credit system are tracked using blockchain. A modern-day barter system, you may call it. However, the major difference is the involvement of DLT (distributed ledger technology) which removes the two-party-only side of the barter system. Several participants can take part in this multi-sided lending system. We, at ReSource, offer access to affordable credit to participants using an overdraft-enabled current account that exists on our marketplace. We will also be building additional functionalities and products that serve mutual credit service in B2B and, later, B2C verticals. Mutual credit helps build an inclusive trading network that maximizes mutual benefit while freeing businesses from external lenders, credit, and the hanging knife of accumulating interest to be paid. Q3: For the average population, accessing DeFi is a headache even now. What do you think is the need of the hour for DeFi accessibility to be improved? First of all, we need to understand that DeFi is a pretty young industry. Currently, builders and developers on DeFi are more focused on the security and utility side of things, and rightly so. The underlying infrastructure for DeFi is maturing by the day which is a good thing as DeFi products and services become more useful for the end-user when the infrastructure is stable. So, calling ‘accessibility’ as the need of the hour for DeFi, I feel would be slightly irrelevant. However, I do understand that the majority of the population is averting from DeFi for this reason. Now, there is no quick fix for this, and making DeFi more accessible shall be a result of several independent actions. First off, the entire space of crypto, DeFi, and Web3 need a simplification drive. Inclusivity in DeFi can only be achieved if the services, products, terms, and everything else are simplified. Also, DeFi, as a whole, needs a universal fiat on-ramp in place because DeFi accessibility is inherently dependent on crypto accessibility. The easier it is to convert fiat into crypto, the more people are likely to utilize DeFi services using their crypto. So, fiat on-ramp needs to be emphasized. Accessibility can also be enhanced by education. Humans are naturally apprehensive of the unknown. Similarly, the majority of the population don’t understand DeFi hence the detest. So, educational initiatives are vital for people to believe, understand, and get started with DeFi. Q4: What are the stark differences between traditional mutual credit initiatives and that of using blockchain technology? Traditional mutual credit initiatives were completely human-based. This entails the concept of trust which in the olden days could only be generated by physical interactions. Therefore, the mutual credit economy was restricted to close-knitted groups in certain specific locations. This placed a limit on the resources and commodities that can be locked in one mutual credit system. Using blockchain and digital mediums, this can be completely overhauled as participants from any nook and corner of the globe can take part in a mutual credit system. Geographical limitations are removed and this allows for more commodities and resources to enter the system. And the trust in the system is empowered and maintained by blockchain tech. In traditional setups, the risk of negative balance and siphoning of funds could only be negated by physical means. And the evidence i.e. records of mutual obligations in the mutual credit system was easily corruptible and not secure. Substitute this with the distributed ledger technology which records all activities in an immutable manner while also being accessible to all the system participants. Back then, the evaluation of the creditworthiness of an individual or a business entity was largely influenced by their moral and emotional perception. There was no quantitative backing to the risk-taking ability of a person or company. However, today, off-chain and on-chain metrics can be analyzed and the credit-worthiness can be attributed using a number. By this, the risk of bad debts, frauds, and unlawful activities in the mutual credit system can be mitigated. Q5: Share your thoughts on how the stablecoins landscape might shape up in the future. Stablecoins are a classic concoction of stability, security, and liquidity. They solve problems on different fronts with ease. And they shall continue to be the drivers of both activity and growth of the crypto and DeFi industries. With Web3 and metaverse closing in on us, stablecoins are going to be the currency for all things digital. The best thing about stablecoins is that it is relevant even for those outside crypto and DeFi. Fearing volatility, many stay away from investing in crypto. What this abstinence entails is that their fiat currencies are losing value due to inflation. Other assets like stocks, real estate, etc fail in the liquidity side of things. However, stablecoins provide them with the best of both worlds. I also believe stablecoins will disrupt e-commerce and will settle as the most preferred mode of payment. This will force banks and other financial institutions to adopt stablecoins and facilitate transactions. Since they are free of the infamous volatility, stablecoins can also be the binding factor of the DeFi and CeFi alliance. It is a no-brainer that stablecoins are the lifeline of DeFi but the number of stablecoins in the current market startles me. I sincerely believe there will be mergers and failures of several stablecoins leaving out only a big few. For further ease, these will embrace interoperability to effectively become one universal stablecoin. Q6: What are the key developments in the crypto or DeFi space that you are keeping your eye on? Metaverse, obviously, is in my peripheral vision, but I believe it is a long way away from being anything stable and useful for all. However, NFTs - one of the vital elements of the metaverse - are something that grabs my attention more. There is a huge room for opportunity for NFTs to grow and mature, as an industry. One key application of NFTs that I’m curious about is how they are used in real estate where the terms ‘fractionalization’ and ‘tokenization’ have been hitting the headlines regularly. Also, I am keen on how NFT auction places and galleries might look. Can museums be NFT-integrated? There are so many use cases to explore in the NFT industry. Also, I have my eyes fixed on crypto and DeFi firms generating educational content and running learn-to-earn initiatives. The influx of smart and well-informed money into the market is a must for the market to mature and decouple itself from the perceived cynicism attached to it. I’m looking at institutional adoption of crypto education too. I foresee mainstream universities and colleges introducing courses and degrees on crypto and DeFi. Keeping all these aside, the most important development I have my eyes on is the regulations that are being drafted and imposed on crypto across the globe. They have the power to break or make the industry. Though a blanket ban is not worth considering, the governments have the legal authority to do so. I feel a concrete legal framework for crypto is closer than expected in most nations.

There’s No Quick-Fix to Poor DeFi Accessibility, But There’s Hope: ReSource Co-Founder, David Casey

Hello guys, if you are thinking about a career in techs like programming, web development, data science,  test automation, machine learning and other careers Java and Python are two of the most popular and influential programming languages of the present time and future to start with. Beginner programmers often gets confused between Java and Python. Being an author of a and a programmer, I often receive questions like Which programming language would you recommend for beginners to learn first etc? Java blog should I learn Java or Python? Is Python is an excellent programming language to start with? Since I am a Java developer, my opinion is biased, , but if you ask this question to a Python developer, you might get just the opposite answer. I will always suggest you start with Java and then learn Python There are also different scenarios like in general Python is better for , , , and Test automation, and Java is better for complex server-side programming, mobile apps with Android, and for building REST APIs. Web development Data Science Machine Learning In this article, I'll focus on which programming language is better for beginners, not just from the ease of learning point of view but also from the jobs and career point of view because many of you are learning to code for job and career and not for fun. I have well documented my reasons as to and Why a programmer should learn Java. One of the most important reasons you would see in that blog post is an active Java community, which will help you throughout your Java career. You can ask some beginner stuff starting from how to set PATH and classpath to advanced material about debugging Java program in Eclipse, no matter what kind of question is, there is always someone is Java community, who is ready to answer and help you. This is one of the reasons that StackOverflow is full of Java questions. By the way, is not a spring chicken anymore, it has fully grown and given stiff competition to mainstream languages like and . When I first come across Python, I thought it’s a scripting language, but that is an understatement. You can do object-oriented programming in as well. It’s also used heavily in web development sites like Reddit are build using Python and machine learning, and data science makes Python even more useful. On beginners point of view, I always suggest pick a language which is easier to learn, powerful to attract you and have strong community support, now both and fits this bill, and until you do some excellent comparative analysis, you can not decide which language to learn from Java vs. Python. Thankfully, we have an infographic, which highlights some vital , I am sure after taking a look on this Infographic, you will be able to decide which is the right programming language to start with. If you already made up your mind to go with Java, then course by Tim Buchalaka on Udemy is an excellent course to start with. It’s not only the most up-to-date course and covers the latest Java features from recent releases but also the most comprehensive and well-structured course which makes learning way easy. why Java is the best Programming language Python Java C++ Python Java Python difference between Python and Java The Complete Java Masterclass Python vs. Java — Infographic Being two different programming languages, Java and Python can be useful tools for modern developers for developing applications. Before learning any programming language, it is a must to know the difference between them. It could be wrong to declare that can be less productive compared to due to numerous elements. Let’s go through this infographics to learn some differences: Java Python Infographic Via Perception System From this Infographic, you can easily see that . It takes 10 lines of , while it only takes 2 lines of code in Python. This point goes towards Python because beginner programmer definitely likes to write less code. The second point is about the static and dynamic type of variable, In my opinion, you need a strict programming language and compiler to detect silly mistakes made by beginners, In , you can not store an integer value in a String variable. So on this point, my vote goes to Java. Speed, which is a crucial thing on enterprise-level application development, you can see that , but do remember that you need to compile and run Java program, while Python doesn’t need to be compiled. Python shell can directly interpret python commands, which means easier for programmers. So now Python and Java are both 2 and 2. This is an important reason to learn Python for beginners because it just makes it easy to try and learn, and if you choose to learn Python, then by Jose Portilla on Udemy is an excellent place to start with. It covers Python 3 from scratch Java is very verbose than Python code to read from a file in Java Java Java is faster than Python The Complete Python Bootcamp Things have improved with the introduction of JShell in , but I still rank better in terms of quickly whipping up a script and running. You can also see that hello world in Java takes more lines than hello world in python. The rest of the examples you can analyze by yourself, but all it comes that both Java and Python are equally capable, no one is lesser than others. As a Java developer, I can say from my personal experience that you will not regret learning Java and choose it as a career; of course, you can learn Python anytime, and it’s suitable for writing small utilities, but Java is Java. Java 9 Python How to Learn Java and Python from Scratch? If you are serious about your programming career and want to start learning Java or Python right away then here are some recommended books, courses, and tutorials you can check out: The Complete Java Masterclass The Complete Python Bootcamp: Go from zero to hero in Python The Java Developer RoadMap 10 Things Java Programmers Should Learn 10 Free Courses to learn Python My favorite free courses to learn Java in depth Core Java Volume 1 and Volume 2 by Cay S. Horstmann 10 Books Every Java Developer should read Python for Data Science and Machine Learning Bootcamp 10 Best Python Courses from Udemy My Favorite Python Courses from Coursera Top 5 Website to learn Python Coding for FREE Thanks for reading this article so far. If you like this article, then please share it with your friends and colleagues. If you have any questions or feedback, then please drop a note.

Java or Python? Which is better to Learn to Code?

Top Custom Software Development Companies

By 2019, most people have probably seen or tried experiences, otherwise known as VR. You may have tried a very basic version of VR with where you could look around and see a 360-degree picture around you. Or you might have even tried a full-fledged VR with the or an where you were not only able to look around but also to move and explore the new and unfamiliar space. virtual reality Google Cardboard HTC Vive Oculus Rift Some people think that VR is just a passing fad, while others praise it to be the next big thing in computing. Despite all that, VR is a new type of medium for interaction with computers, and it’s been steadily breaking into the consumer and enterprise markets for the last 8 years. For example, Ford has used , while Boston Children’s Hospital and . VR to help them to design their GT supercar multiple different other hospitals around the world have used VR as an effective replacement for painkillers This article will try to help PMs to better understand the technology itself (similar to ), to help them to manage VR projects, and to prepare for any challenges that might lie ahead when managing a VR project. our recent article about AI What Is Virtual Reality? To understand what virtual reality is, we must look at the history of 3D technologies and see where VR has come from. Over the years there were multiple attempts to take us from the realm of 2D content into the realm of 3D content. It all started with “3D” pictures in the late 19th century and moved into 3D cinema in the mid 20th century. However, VR should not be mistaken for the more typical 3D content. It is much more than that. “Presence” — the Leap of Faith The key factor differentiating 3D cinema and VR is what engineers in a VR space call “presence”. Presence is a technical term used to describe the feeling of total immersion and existence in another space that VR headsets provide to the user. This feeling of “presence” requires the device to trick many different facets of the human perception system. The best test designed to check the existence of the “presence” is to tell a person to try and walk onto a virtual ledge of a 100 stories tall building and try to jump off it. In a 3D cinema, this might look, daunting, but most people would have no trouble taking the leap. However, in the virtual reality the field of view, refresh rate, resolution and other aspects of the headsets are designed in such a way that it tricks the human perceptual system into believing you are really somewhere else. This makes taking that leap off the building ledge almost an impossible task for most, while others scream and shout while accomplishing this simple and harmless exercise. Those who have the guts to step off the ledge and start virtually falling off the building, report having a feeling of fall in the stomach that mimics the real falling reflex. This is the case because of how well we are tricked in believing virtual reality is real. This feeling of “presence” is the key difference between other 3D experiences and true virtual reality. Is This the First Wave of VR? History of VR starts with the very first demo of a Sword of Damocles in the MIT lab in 1968. Back then VR was mostly a test for military flight simulators and screen technologies. There were many failed attempts to make VR a reality in the mid 20th century, but most of them resembled very basic demos that would take up too much space, and could only be afforded by the largest R&D labs. The first real wave of VR hype came and passed in the early 90s. There were companies making very expensive and cumbersome VR headsets, such as . There was even a TV show called VR Rangers showing kids the wonderful journeys of VR warriors looking suspiciously similar to Power Rangers. Virtuality 1000CS However, the technological capability in the graphics space of the early 90s was not a match for the requirements of the VR systems. Most people have reported side effects of using VR displays at the time. Nausea and sea sickness was accompanying almost all the experiences. Most games couldn’t produce much more than a few simple shapes, and VR was forgotten for another 15 years. Then came the rise of the Oculus Rift, starting with their Kickstarter campaign in early 2010, which has brought VR out of the shadows and into the mainstream consciousness again. Is VR Just for Games? Most people associate VR with playing computer games. While gaming is the big part of VR market, it is definitely not the only use of VR. VR has been successfully applied in many different fields since its inception in the late 1960s. It started off as a research project to make better flight simulators, however, since it’s rebirth VR has been used in many different areas across a variety of industries. Here are some of the more notable examples: allows surgeons to analyze a patient’s anatomy, locate tumors and plan an operation more efficiently. Healthcare: Surgical Theater for spacewalk training and to control robotic arms. Space: NASA uses VR While many cultural institutions have the ability to view parts of their collection in VR, exists entirely within virtual reality and was designed by a world famous architects. Museums: the Kremer Museum allows Ford employees to have a detailed look at an upcoming model and plan any changes to it. Automotive: Ford Vehicle Immersion Environment (FiVE) US army uses VR for various for soldiers returning from battle. Military: training scenarios and for treating PTSD Many real estate companies are using VR to showcase some of their properties, has created a drag and drop tool to create your future home interior and walk around it with the help of mobile VR. Real estate: Planner 5D Employees at Gensler LA offices every week in a virtual replica of a building that is currently being designed by their architects. Architecture: meet There are many apps like and that allow people to interact and create in a virtual world. Social networking: VR Chat Sinespace creates opportunities for immersive teaching in the classroom. Education: ClassVR creates training regimens for sports teams, which allow players to do some extra training on their own time to repeat team strategies. Sports: STRIVR VR Market Overview Currently, there are few different types of VR devices in the market. They can be best split into two categories: Mobile VR and Desktop VR. — As suggested by its name is defined by the portability factor. The first generation of mobile VR headsets often used a smartphone that you would put into the headset shell. The current generation mobile VR headsets use standalone hardware and mobile processors integrated into the headset itself. Mobile VR This allows for a convenient but limited VR experience usually with simpler graphics when compared to desktop VR. One other major drawback of mobile VR is that most of the mobile VR headsets lack something called “positional tracking.” This type of tracking not only tracks the user’s head tilts but also the user’s head position when moving in space. It is essential for a fully immersive experience and reducing the discomfort of the user. Google Cardboard, Google Daydream, Samsung Gear VR, Oculus Go, Oculus Quest, HTC Focus etc. Devices: — Desktop VR is sometimes called the Full VR because it allows for a more full VR experience and includes features such as positional tracking for the head and both hand controllers. A variety of desktop VR systems exist with some featuring additional add-ons such as omnidirectional treadmills, full room trackers, gloves, interfaces for multiple different controllers, etc. Desktop VR However, the most defining feature of a desktop VR headset is the quality of the full body immersion experience, giving the user the best possible “presence” effect. This is mainly enabled by the power of the GPU and the CPU inside the desktop machines these headsets get connected to. Not having the small form factor of the mobile devices these systems can use much more powerful processors. This also usually means that an average VR capable computer would cost you around $2000. Oculus Rift, HTC Vive, Playstation VR, Intel Chip Based Windows XR variants such as Acer, Samsung, Asus, HP VR systems. Devices: VR Development: What Project Managers Should Know Key Roles Within the Virtual Reality Development Lifecycle Software Developer/Game Engine Expert/Computer Graphics Expert Naturally, somebody will need to code all the interaction capabilities in your VR app. This is where the role of comes in. Keep in mind that not all software developers have experience in working with 3D graphics or using game engines. Most VR projects use either or for making this task much easier. 3D game engines have certain graphics and control features, which help to cut the development time and cost up to 20x when compared to making your own 3D engine. 90% of VR content produced today is using Unity 3D, and it’s relatively easy to find software developer Unity 3D Unreal Engine Unity developers for hire. If you decide to build your VR platform from scratch or your application requires a specific 3D engine, then you will need a who is able to use bare bone tools such as OpenGL to build a new game engine for you to use in your project. If you decide to go down this route, keep in mind that this might significantly increase the workload and budget required to finish the app. In some cases, this way of building VR experiences can have some performance gains. However, most of these benefits will be negligent compared to the cost of finding a senior computer graphics expert if you decide not to use one of the available 3D engines. In simple terms, this can be compared to making your own camera when shooting a movie. graphics expert As a professional PM tasked with virtual reality project management you will need to educate yourself on the technical requirements of the project, and how they impact your project’s bottom line. Keep in mind that not all software developers are equal, so look for when hiring for your VR project. people with game development experience VR Specialist/VR Designer Even though simple VR apps are relatively easy to build, the complexity grows exponentially as more features are added. This is mostly due to the limitations of current computing power and the way graphics are processed in a computer. VR apps have their own set of unique challenges that only become apparent when designing a VR project. To tackle these you will need to who has experience working specifically with VR apps. hire a VR specialist Some of these challenges are related to the technical limitations, and specifications, while others are more human interface related. For example, if you design a VR app in which the user will be experiencing the world through a height that’s different than their own, make sure they sit on a bar chair rather than a normal chair. This sounds rather bizarre, however, our brain registers our feet touching the ground and calculates our “correct” perceived height, therefore if our feet are not touching the ground we can better tolerate the experience of being much taller in VR than we really are. As another example, if your VR experience uses teleportation, a good VR specialist would tell you to use the screen blanking effect that lasts 300ms because our brains would accept this as a real blink of an actual eye (which last between 300–500ms), and would filter out the effect completely, making for a more smooth experience. These problems usually don’t surface in our regular software or design projects, that’s why it is important to hire at least a part-time , who can make sure you save a lot of time and money by building a right thing in the right way. VR specialist consultant 3D Artist/Scene Designer/Animator is usually a person sculpting the actual 3D content. is somebody who puts all the 3D assets together to create the environment. is responsible for preparing the 3D models for animations and then creating those animations using various different software tools. A 3D artist A scene designer An animator All of these jobs can be done by one person, which is usually the case when somebody is building a bootstrapped VR project. In large film or game design studios, you would typically find highly specialized individuals taking up these roles. Either way, these roles are very important for any VR project. VR experiences rely heavily on 3D content and production of that content can make up to as much as 80% of work required for making a VR app. As a PM, it’s important to understand that these roles are most likely going to be your biggest sources of expenditure for the project, and you should plan your budget accordingly. Common Challenges When Managing a VR Project 3D Content Can Take a Longer Time to Produce Than Expected 3D modeling is a hard task requiring large amounts of time to complete. The creation of animations for the 3D models is even a harder task. For a PM it is important to keep this in mind when estimating the story points. For example, humanoid figures like robots, humans, horses, virtual assistants, or any other complex biological creatures can take as much as 100x longer to model and animate than interactive objects made out of more primitive forms, such as buildings or menu windows. For example, a scene showing virtual office workers working could take up to 100x longer to model, animate and design than an architectural demo showing the outside of a building. A good rule of thumb to use here is to think about animation and 3D modeling in terms of drawing. If something is hard to draw, like humans or animals, it’s going to be much harder to model it in 3D and even harder to animate it so it looks professional. However, if something can be described in code, like a complex animation of abstract shapes, that can be much easier to build and manipulate in 3D. Algorithms work cheaper than humans, and as a PM you should be the first line of defense making sure that the project scope stays realistic by having realistic requirements around content. VR is GPU Limited Everything that is created in VR will have to be displayed using a graphics processor unit in your computer, otherwise known as a GPU. Even the best computers today are still limited by the number of 3D objects they can manipulate at the same time. The fact that VR uses a display that is refreshed at least 90 times per second, means that VR is putting a very heavy load on the computer that it is running on. For example, a VR headset such us an HTC Vive would require a computational load comparable to the 3 to 4 normal computer monitors running on the machine at the same time. Most of our virtual reality applications are limited by what the current day devices can achieve with their GPUs. The best way to imagine this is to think about 3D games from the early 2000s. They were starting to explore realistic 3D graphics, however, most of them were still using shortcuts to achieve the maximum visual effects. This is exactly the situation with the current VR experiences, we are still in the very early days, and most applications will be limited by the capabilities of the hardware they are running on. Variety of Devices and Platforms As mentioned above there are many different VR platforms available. At the time of writing of this article, there are at least 30+ different VR devices available across both desktop and mobile VR markets. This means that supporting your VR app on all of the platforms would require a lot of additional tweaking and rework. It’s especially difficult to share content between mobile VR and desktop VR apps since they support very different levels of 3D graphics and animations. Using a 3D game engine such as Unity 3D or Unreal Engine helps because they allow an app to be theoretically deployed to more than one platform with minimal rework. In practice, it is easy to share the builds between most high-end desktop VR systems, however, mobile VR might need additional rework and new 3D assets to work smoothly. As a PM, plan accordingly and limit your scope to a few most popular platforms so it’s easier to maintain the codebase and support the best user experience. Even though VR has been around for a while there is still little conclusive evidence about its potential health risks. There are multiple studies looking into device induced shortsightedness, and other potential hazards but none of them have conclusive evidence yet. Most of the hazards in VR come from the actual surroundings around the user. Risks of falling, tripping over, and smashing the controllers around the workspace are there. Manufacturers work to reduce them by introducing virtual borders and notifications systems. For now, most VR headsets manufacturers don’t recommend the headset to be used by children. That is mostly due to its side effects that are sometimes experienced by the users. The early 1990s nausea and seasickness are mostly gone, however some apps, especially if not designed well, can cause some degree of seasickness. As a PM, you should know that the key to designing good VR experiences without side effects, is in the interactions, and especially in movement mechanics. Those are out of this article’s scope, but for those interested in finding out more, Facebook’s . Oculus has put together a great guide how to design comfortable VR experiences Conclusion: Seeing Is Believing VR has changed a lot since its early days. In its current form, it is a useful tool for industries using 3D content, working with training, or aiming to create an impression by “transporting” users into a different place. As it is with most technologies, VR is all about people and social interactions rather than the tech itself. The current day technology developments are only useful as long as they solve some sort of problem that users have. This is especially true with Virtual Reality projects, and their applications in the industry. Industries currently gaining the most value from VR are architecture and interior design, training and simulation, data visualization, gaming, entertainment, and movies. The main challenge of the VR development comes from the fact it is heavily reliant on 3D models and animations. This can be a difficult task if the complexity of the certain type of modeling and animations is not understood. There are multiple other challenges with VR therefore it is wise to get help from a VR professional when building your VR app. Game engines can help to solve some of the development challenges but you have to find the right developers who know how to use them. Extra Materials from the Author VR Technology Engineer Explains VR in 5 Levels of Difficulty https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=akveRNY6Ulw Brief VR Explanation by MKBHD https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i4Zt3JZejbg History of Virtual Reality Technology https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4BOwLCoBqCs VR News https://www.roadtovr.com/ o_riginally published at_ Written by Audrius Zujus and www.toptal.com .

VR Project Development — How Project Managers Should Prepare

Smartphones have formed a new communication network among healthcare service providers and patients. With hardware advancement and innovative applications, smartphones enable better coordination, diagnostic accuracy, and build confidence. In a developing country like India People are increasingly using healthcare mobile applications to accomplish their health and fitness goals. Following the trend Indian health industry is never left behind and offering innovative mhealth solutions from fitness apps to medical assistance application for better patient-care and well-coordinated healthcare providers. From measuring your body mass index, to motivating you to walk an extra mile, reminding you about your medicines, these health and fitness apps go a long way in improving your health. Projected size of India’s mHealth devices and services market from 2014 to 2020 (in million U.S. dollars) Source For 2020, it is expected that the mHealth services market in India will be worth some 655 million U.S. dollars. Indian Ranks Among top 5 for mhealth related Searches - Source Source Driving factors for patients and providers to adopts mHealth solutions Source Considering the sharp surge in use of health and fitness apps in India, Indian tech giants and healthcare organizations are continuously working on healthcare app development to insure their big chunk in growing mhealth market India. For rolling a features rich mobile application you need an experienced with deep understanding of the domain and demography wise medical regulatory compliance. mobile app development team Popular Categories in Healthcare and Medical Mobile App Solutions Source Given below are the Top 10 Health and fitness mobile app developers in the India Mind Inventory Mind Inventory is a premier health and fitness app development solution provider. The mobility solutions offered by Mind Inventory can benefit your healthcare and fitness business in a big way. From hospital management apps to fitness apps, whether you own a multi-specialty hospital or you have a small pathological lab or you are a health consultant, you can get feature rich apps developed to streamline your work and enhance your overall work proficiency. –Ahmedabad, India Headquarters Health & Fitness App, AR& VR Apps for Surgeons, Mobile Apps for Hospital,Nursing Homes, Small Clinics and Pediatric Centers, Schedule Management App for Doctors & Patients. Expertise: Octal IT Solution When it comes to health and fitness mobile app developers in the country, Octal IT solution rules the roost. They apply Agile Development process in app development in order to ensure quality work within promised time frame. The solutions are HIPPA compliant and customized as per industry needs. The healthcare and medical apps developed by company can help you ease business work flow and offer utmost accuracy to improve overall patient care. They have an excellent list of testimonials of successful app in health and fitness industry to prove their forte in the field. IOT Health Solution, Health and Fitness app, Diet Planner App, Wearable App, Nutrition App, HIMS, LIMS, ePrescription App, Chronic Disease Mobile App, Telemedicine App, EHR Apps, Patient Communication App and more… Expertise: Space-O-Technologies Space-O-Technologies offer complete app development solutions for your health and fitness businesses. From future ready Augmented Reality and Virtual Ready health and fitness apps for your Android and iPhones to hiring developers to meets all your unique needs, Space-O-Technologies offers unsurpassed highly efficient mobile app solutions. Their highly experienced app development team presents robust app solutions according to customized requirements of healthcare sector. Basically, increase in growth in health and fitness industry has propelled need for innovation and this has led to development of world class apps. –Ahmedabad, India Headquarters Multi- Purpose Health & Fitness Apps, Weight Loss app, Fitness Training Log Apps, Exercise Tips Apps, Marketing App for Fitness Business, Social Networking Fitness Community Apps Expertise: Appinventiv Appinventiv is a top-notch mobile app development company which will offer you state-of-the-art health and fitness mobile apps as per your budget and needs. Due to its in-depth technical knowledge and experience in the health and fitness industry domain, it is able to offer an estimate to the client before developing the app. From small startups to big giants, Appinventiv offers superb app solutions to expand your ROI and augment your brand visibility. –Noida, India Headquarters IOT, AR-VR, Health and Fitness App, IOT App development, medical insurance claim apps, laboratory management apps, Electronic Health Informatio Exchange apps, E-prescribing apps, EHR apps Expertise: Hopinfirst Hopinfirst is a leading edge custom healthcare software & and mobile offers development of websites, mobile applications, AR/AR development, Digital marketing services for health industries. app development company Hopinfirst claims to develop captivating and competitive one-of-a-kind healthcare mobile applications, based on the company’s experience of the health domain. –Gurgaon, India Headquarters Health & Fitness Apps for android and ios, medical App, AR and Vr App development, Health Insurance Apps, pharmacy app development Expertise: Peerbits Peerbits offers outstanding app solutions to make better medical care as well as patient services. The health and fitness apps developed by Peerbits work well, look good and offer amazing functionality. Peerbits boasts of an experienced team of app developers who specialize particularly in health and fitness apps. The apps are developed in complete compliance with local as well as international rules as well as regulations. Confidentiality of the app user is duly maintained. Peerbits facilitates seamless connection between app users and the healthcare providers. –Ahmedabad, India Headquarters Remote Healthcare, Health & Fitness Apps for Android and iPhone platform, HIPPA Complaint Apps, Wellness Apps, Wearable apps, workout app, activity tracking app, nutrition app Expertise: Mobisoft Infotech MobiSoft Infotech specializes in HIPPA compliant healthcare apps which are all set to fully digitize the health and fitness sector. The expert team of Mobisoft Infotech is fast making it a preferred technology partner for healthcare giants. Company follows a patient centric approach in their app development endeavors. Due to partnership with healthcare tech development accelerators such as JLABs and TMCx Mobisoft ensures quicker product launches. They even take pride in working with complex EHR systems such as Cerner and Epic. –Pune, India Headquarters Health & Fitness Apps, Real time Data Syncing, Medical Sensor Integration, Wearables App Development Expertise: Mobibiz Mobibiz is a well-known name in health and fitness app development. It builds apps to enhance the level of patient care regardless of place and time. Apps are made for all players in the industry such as clinical labs, hospitals, pharmacies, patients, insurance providers etc. Highly professional team at Mobibiz ensures to infuse mobility into healthcare and build app solutions in accordance to specific needs of the clients. The app is enriched with all the right features relevant to the industry. The apps made by Mobibiz focus on different element of health industry such as patient education, delivery of collaborative care, virtual consultations, virtual appointments, maintenance of patient records etc. –Gurgaon, India Headquarters Health & Fitness Apps, Dosage Calculators, Patient Referral programs, Location Based Tracking, Remote Consultations, Remote Health Monitoring Expertise: Mobiwebtech For custom health care app development, Mobiwebtech is the name to reckon. It has completed more than 450 projects so far. Boasting of an illustrious client base, Mobiwebtech offers healthcare solutions which are patient centric, integrated and outcome based. They hold complete in-depth knowledge of regulatory compliance such as CCHIT, HIPAA, and MU etc. Also, solutions are made in accordance to healthcare standards such as ICD-10, HL7 and XDS-I. From medical app development to patient engagement apps, hearth rate tracking app, yoga app and medical software development, Mobiweb will offer you all. –Indore, India Headquarters Health & Fitness Apps, mHealth Solutions, Yoga Apps, Patient Engagement Apps, Heart Rate Tracking apps Expertise: Perception System For affordable health and fitness app solutions, Perceptionsystem is your best bet. The company is known for its innovative solutions and extensive domain expertise. The touch technology solutions offered by Perception System is transforming volume based healthcare to value based healthcare. A lot of focus is made on personalized as well as high end treatment needs of the patients in healthcare domain. The company understands all your needs and tenders a solution accordingly regardless of the fact whether you need enterprise app or a regular app for your users. –Ahmedabad, India Headquarters Fitness Tacking Apps, Medical Education Apps, Healthcare Billing Management Apps , Healthcare App Maintenance and support, Clinical Imaging Solutions, Health Insurance Apps, Pharma Management Solutions. Expertise: Scnsoft With 13 years of experience on mobile healthcare solutions, Scnsoft specializes in offering you task driven health and fitness mobile applications. You can have apps to automate your everyday clinical routine to monitoring of staff performance. They build apps to save time with reference to medical tasks. Mobile apps that simplifies diagnosis, treatment and after-care are part of ScienceSoft’s portfolio. Data protection is an integral feature of healthcare mobile apps developed by ScienceSoft –Noida, India Headquarters Apps for Disease Detection and Medical Incompatibility, Care Coordination App, Chronic Disease Management Apps, Fitness App, e-Rx mobile apps, HIMS apps Expertise: Conclusion So, these are the top ten leading in the country. If you hand over your health and fitness app development tasks to any of these vendors you can be sure of an excellent product as per your need. healthcare mobile app developers

Top 10 Health & Fitness App Developers in India that follow Latest mHealth Trends

There are many reasons why I believe trucks are the sensible first step for autonomous vehicles. The trucking industry accounts for nearly 4% of the US economy, with a quarter of that going towards labor costs. There’s currently a shortage of that labor (which has the effect of increasing the cost of every physical thing bought or sold), but the biggest argument for automotion is that trucks are just disproportionately dangerous. Truck driving is and fatal accidents are common. behind the wheel in the previous month and are usually surviving on 5 hours of sleep a night, so it’s hardly a surprise that out of over 32,000 fatality accidents in 2015, nearly 3,900 or bus (more than one in ten). one of the country’s most deadly occupations One in four drivers of these 80,000lbs vehicles report having fallen asleep involved a large truck This isn’t because drivers are daredevils, but because they work in a system where they’re only paid per freight mile hauled. This can force them to choose between driving safely and paying rent. My team at Starsky Robotics is working day and night to make unmanned regular service a reality soon. Which means that, unlike many in the space, we can’t think about safety “later.” Safety needs to happen now. Automotive Safety (or, how I learned to stop worrying and love ISO 26262) While relatively unknown in Silicon Valley, Safety Engineering has been one of the core disciplines of automotive engineering for over 100 years. And with good reason: when you build things that can hurt people it’s important to develop processes that allow your team to raise concerns, understand the risk and design for safety. The former is important. At Mapbox’s Locate Conference the other week I was asked if autonomous engineers should swear an oath akin to the Hippocratic. The question has some basis: as an engineer building a self-driving truck you can be paralyzed with worry that a bad line of your code can hurt someone. It’s incredibly important that we give our team the opportunity to voice any concerns that they might have. If we choose to move forward anyways, Starsky’s leadership does so while taking the responsibility from those who voiced the concerns (and who developed the system). While perhaps over-referenced, ISO 26262 (the automotive safety bible), remains as relevant as ever when it comes to designing safe automotive products. ISO 26262 defines the risk of a (sub)system as the product of three values: Severity (of a failure), Exposure (to the failure), and Controllability (in the case of failure). Risk Score = severity * exposure * controllability To spare us the lengthy (and seemingly inevitable) pontifications around the different scenarios of an automotive accident, we can judge the severity of a system-wide failure to be a constant. If our system fully fails there will be significant irreparable harm. Exposure is easy to understand. How much of your drive would that failure affect? You always need your brakes, but how often do you need your left turn signal? What is the likelihood that a particular (sub)system fails: whether it’s your front right tire or your perception system? Controllability is more nuanced. Essentially, controllability is how skilled of a driver you need to be to safely deal with a failure. Almost anyone can safely manage getting a flat tire at speed on the freeway. Putting this all together we see the risk score of the tire is sufficient to allow occasionally getting a flat tire is acceptable. The uncontrollability of an outright perception failure is why almost every autonomous team requires a lot of perception redundancy. The easiest way to “cheat” controllability for an autonomous vehicle is to always have a trained driver behind the wheel…which is what most of the autonomous industry is doing. That’s why it’s such a big deal that . we’ve done a fully unmanned test In February 2018, Starsky Robotics completed a 7-mile fully driverless trip in Florida without a single human in the truck Safety: an AV’s Most Important Feature To recap: safety is highly important for self-driving trucks. At Starsky we want to quickly get unmanned trucks on the road. It’s really hard to design a system that’s safe without a physically-present human as backup. Which is why it quickly became apparent that our first senior hire wasn’t going to be a controls vet or a machine learning pro, but a Safety Lead. We’ve built a robot that can drive a truck. We’ve built teleoperation capable of parking a 53’ trailer in-between two others with a foot of clearance on each side. We’ve built highway autopilot capable of keeping a 45,000lbs trailer in a lane with high winds and heavy rain. But making sure that system is safe to regularly go out amongst the motoring public without a physically-present human is a real challenge. A weak Bench When we started meeting with safety engineers in and around the autonomous space we noticed something: while everyone and their brother wants to do machine learning for autonomous vehicles, almost no one is working on safety. And many of those tasked with safety roles are looking in the wrong direction. At one point, we even had a ‘big deal’ safety guy ask us why we even needed to design a system that was safe without a physically-present person in it, because “what’s the point of a self-driving car with no one in it?” We met people who were willing to audit the work of others but not set safety policies (and vice versa). Folks who had good thoughts about hardware but stumbled when it came to software (and vice versa). And many who didn’t know how to start in an industry where for some time we’ll be our strictest critics. And then we met Walter. Walter Stockwell: Starsky Robotics’ Director of Safety Policy The clear exception to all of the above was , who I’m incredibly pleased to announce has joined Starsky as our Director of Safety Policy. Walter Stockwell Walter Stockwell, Director of Safety Policy at Starsky Robotics From our first conversations with him, Walter has helped shift our view of “safety” from the naive-yet-common concept of safety as a definite to thinking about safety as a process, and as a series of qualified statements. A system is not definitely safe after it completes ’n’ number of tests, whether n is one test drive or miles. A system becomes safer as it is designed to be safe and rigorously validation tested. A system will never be absolutely safe against all conceivable threats, but it needs to be able to operate absent of unacceptable risks within a specified operational design domain. Rand’s 11B Walter brings not only this level of engineering maturity, but also years of hardware/software experience, experience in safety system engineering, practice in developing an organization to raise safety concerns, and leadership experience setting national safety policy in his last role at DJI. “Starsky Robotics has become the frontrunner in the autonomous vehicle space. It has managed to solve some of the most complex challenges for driverless trucks. It’s evident that everyone at Starsky has been focused on safety from the beginning and they are years ahead of the competition. I’m excited to join this immensely innovative and forward-thinking team,” says Walter. With Walter on our team, I’m incredibly excited to see what’s just down the road. Keepin’ on Truckin’ -Stefan (P.S. We are still looking for a slough of team members to help us get our unmanned trucks on the road, not the least of which include help in Controls engineering, Machine Learning, and many others. You can apply at ). starsky.io I’d also be remiss not to thank Julia Ilina, Kartik Tiwari, and Walter Stockwell for reading (and heavily editing) earlier version of this article.

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