/PRNewswire/ -- Keeper Security, the leading cybersecurity provider of zero-trust and zero-knowledge Privileged Access Management (PAM) software protecting...

David Epperson Joins Keeper Security's Federal Advisory Board to Strengthen Cybersecurity Solutions for Government Agencies

/PRNewswire/ -- This Digital Learning Day, Keeper Security, the leading cybersecurity provider of zero-trust and zero-knowledge Privileged Access Management...

Keeper Security Champions Cybersecurity in Education on Digital Learning Day

Darren Guccione, CEO and co-founder of Keeper Security on what he thinks should be the industry's resolutions in the coming year.

Cybersecurity Resolutions for 2025 - IT Security Guru

Today's MSSP market news also includes Druva, Rubrik, SecurityScorecard, Nucleus Security, AttackIQ, Keeper Security, and Akamai.

MSSP Market Update: Amazon Targets Cybersecurity at AWS Re:Invent | MSSP Alert

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Nowadays, we get to see a lot of cyber attacks in our world. —Cyber attacks can happen anytime, anywhere. Not only that but when it comes to Small and medium-sized companies — most of them think that they aren’t vulnerable to cyber-attacks which is crazy. SMBS — A new report from Keeper Security — A Password Manager company — shows that over 60% from SMBS don’t think they will fall victim to an attack. “Our show that many companies don’t know where to start with cybersecurity prevention and even more don’t think they will fall victim to an attack.” (Darren Guccione) - CEO of Keeper. Cyberthreat Study findings Imagine that some companies prefer to give more importance to Sales, Marketing, Social good over cybersecurity— 18% percent voted that cybersecurity is less important than the rest of the company operations or tools. I am not saying that's a bad thing but I believe that must be the first thing that must be established in any company before anything else. cybersecurity What's pretty ironic is that, there's another which showed that — 67 percent of SMBs had been attacked in the past year. study Imagine that, only about 12% ( ) understand the reality that cyber-attack is very likely to happen. — Even if you were in a big or small company. one in ten companies There’s something really interesting about the latest study. The newer companies have a much greater awareness of cyber attacks than companies who were operating for more than 10 years or more. 28% of the companies that were operating for less than five years believed that they can be targeted by cyber-attacks.  While 70 percent of businesses operating for 10 or more years believe a cyberattack is not very likely or not likely at all. Seventy percent? That’s crazy. “Businesses face a vulnerability crisis when it comes to cybercriminals, and this reality won’t get better until cybersecurity gets higher billing on their to-do list,” says Darren Guccione, CEO and co-founder of Keeper. Companies must update their "cyber mindset" in order to keep up with the world. It really doesn't matter if they were small, medium-sized, or large ones. —A cyber attack can happen to any. "We are working very hard to educate SMBs about how they can protect themselves quickly and on a cost-effective basis." (Darren Guccione) - CEO of Keeper. They also need to use all the resources available to create a better and safer environment for their employees.

The Cyber-Mindset That Can Destroy SMBS.

Blockchain 101: Why Will Web3 Gaming Take Over Web2 In my opinion, Web3 gaming has the potential to take over Web2 gaming. For starters, it offers a new level of player ownership and control, giving gamers the ability to truly own their in-game assets, such as weapons, armor, and collectibles. This creates a new level of engagement and investment for players, as they have a tangible stake in the game, , which is currently not possible in Web2 gaming. Web3 gaming also enables new forms of economic activity and marketplaces, such as player-driven trading and secondary markets. This opens up new opportunities for players to monetize their in-game assets and for game developers to create new revenue streams. Additionally, Web3 gaming allows for the creation of decentralized, autonomous game worlds where players can interact with each other and the game in a trustless and decentralized way. This creates new opportunities for player-driven content and game mechanics, such as user-generated quests and player-run economies. How Top-Tier Game Production Houses Coming to Web3 Can Change Player Dynamics Top-tier game production companies entering the industry can play a significant role in driving adoption of Web3 because they bring  a wealth of experience in game design, development, and marketing. This experience can be leveraged to create high-quality, engaging, and immersive Web3 games that appeal to a wide audience. Game production companies also have access to large existing player bases and communities that can be transitioned to Web3 games, helping quickly build a critical mass of users. Combine that with their resources and infrastructure, and they’re better able to support and market their games to help raise awareness of Web3 and its capabilities, driving more people to explore and adopt the technology. As a side note, these companies can then act as thought leaders and evangelists within the industry, driving more innovation and investment in the ecosystem. Cimu Games is Bringing Runestone Keeper Game to Web3 One such production company is , which is using Ready Games' web3 game development tools to re-release its million-selling Runestone Keeper — an important development for the Web3 ecosystem. This shows that established game developers and companies are recognizing the potential of Web3 technology and are actively exploring ways to incorporate it into their existing games and franchises. This can help to drive wider adoption of Web3 and increase the number of high-quality, engaging games available on the platform. Cimu Games Further, the fact that Cimu Games has chosen to use Ready Games' multi-platform tech stack to re-release Runestone Keeper on PC, console, and mobile is significant as it represents one of the first examples of a Web3 game being made available on multiple platforms. This is important because it demonstrates the potential for Web3 games to reach a wider audience and could help to drive more mainstream adoption of the technology. : Vested Interest Disclosure The author is an independent contributor publishing via our . Be it through direct compensation, media partnerships, or networking, the author has a vested interest in the company/ies mentioned in this story. HackerNoon has reviewed the report for quality, but the claims herein belong to the author. #DYOR brand-as-author program Don’t forget to like and share the story! Image credits: . Axville

Cimu Games to Bring its Million Selling Runestone Keeper Game to Web3

Authors:
(1) Zhenbang Feng, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern, California Los Angeles, CA, USA (jasonfen@usc.edu);
(2) Hardhik Mohanty, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern, California Los Angeles, CA, USA (hmohanty@usc.edu);
(3) Bhaskar Krishnamachari, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern, California Los Angeles, CA, USA (bkrishna@usc.edu). Authors: Authors: (1) Zhenbang Feng, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern, California Los Angeles, CA, USA (jasonfen@usc.edu); (2) Hardhik Mohanty, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern, California Los Angeles, CA, USA (hmohanty@usc.edu); (3) Bhaskar Krishnamachari, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern, California Los Angeles, CA, USA (bkrishna@usc.edu). Editor’s note: This article is part of a broader study. You’re reading part 2 of 5. Read the rest below. Editor’s note: This article is part of a broader study. You’re reading part 2 of 5. Read the rest below. Editor’s note: This article is part of a broader study. You’re reading part 2 of 5. Read the rest below. Table of Links Abstract and I. Introduction
II. The Mechanism
III. Price-Stabilizing Mechanisms, IV. Simulating DAI & V. Simplified Mathematical Model for DAI
VI. How Collateral Price Impacts Derivative Price
VII. Risk Factors for Stable Derivatives & VIII. Conclusions and References Abstract and I. Introduction Abstract and I. Introduction II. The Mechanism II. The Mechanism III. Price-Stabilizing Mechanisms, IV. Simulating DAI & V. Simplified Mathematical Model for DAI III. Price-Stabilizing Mechanisms, IV. Simulating DAI & V. Simplified Mathematical Model for DAI VI. How Collateral Price Impacts Derivative Price VI. How Collateral Price Impacts Derivative Price VII. Risk Factors for Stable Derivatives & VIII. Conclusions and References VII. Risk Factors for Stable Derivatives & VIII. Conclusions and References II. THE MECHANISM Our particular interest lies in the mechanisms that enable these synthetic assets to maintain track of their underlying assets under market pressures and volatility. MakerDAO’s DAI stands out as an important example of such a synthetic derivative, a stablecoin designed to peg US Dollar. We find it instructive to explore the inner workings of DAI’s stability protocol, which relies mostly on decentralized mechanisms without centralized authority. While DAI has transitioned to a multi-collateral DAI starting in November 2019, our analysis below will delve into the single collateral form, known as SAI, which operated from December 18, 2017, until the protocol’s transition to the multi-collateral system. SAI reflects the core mechanism of DAI and provides ease of exposition and analysis. A. Basic Structure and Functionality of DAI A. Basic Structure and Functionality of DAI DAI functions by allowing users to lock up collateral (e.g., Ethereum) in a smart contract. The action of doing this is called opening a Collateralized Debt Position (CDP). The process of collateral lock-up and DAI generation was designed to ensure over-collateralization, typically requiring a collateral value exceeding the value of DAI by at least 150%. This requirement ensures the creation of a buffer to absorb market volatility. The specific over-collateralization ratios are subject to change based on governance decisions and market dynamics throughout SAI’s tenure. B. User Interaction with DAI B. User Interaction with DAI Users typically interact with DAI in the following ways. As illustrated in Figure-1, users generate a CDP and obtain DAI by locking up their collateral assets. This DAI can then be used to transact, invest, or leverage in other decentralized financial applications. When users wish to retrieve their collateral, they repay the DAI they generated plus a stability fee to unlock their original assets. In addition to direct interaction with CDPs, users can buy or sell DAI on various exchange platforms just like any other cryptocurrency. C. Role of Price Oracles C. Role of Price Oracles Oracles serve as bridges that bring real-world information, in this case market data, into the blockchain environment. In the context of the DAI stablecoin mechanism, oracles play an indispensable role, because DAI’s stability and over-collateralization rely on the accurate and timely valuation of collateral assets. Oracles provide this service by feeding external data, in this case, the current market prices of collateral assets, into the blockchain. In DAI, this data is used to verify whether the value of the collateral in a CDP falls below a certain threshold, and if so, triggers a liquidation event to ensure DAI remains adequately backed. D. The Liquidation Mechanism D. The Liquidation Mechanism While the emphasis often rests on creation and utilization of DAI, an equally important mechanism is how the system handles potential under-collateralization. If the value of the collateral in a CDP drops below a predefined threshold, the system automatically liquidates a portion of the collateral to ensure DAI remains over-collateralized. This liquidation process involves auctioning off the collateral for DAI. Keepers, independent actors in the ecosystem, play a significant role in these auctions, bidding on and buying the liquidated collateral. This automatic and decentralized liquidation process is essential to maintain trust in DAI’s stability, even during significant market downturns. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. available on arxiv

Inside DAI: The Crypto Dollar That Defends Itself with Code

Authors:
(1) Zhenbang Feng, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern, California Los Angeles, CA, USA (jasonfen@usc.edu);
(2) Hardhik Mohanty, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern, California Los Angeles, CA, USA (hmohanty@usc.edu);
(3) Bhaskar Krishnamachari, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern, California Los Angeles, CA, USA (bkrishna@usc.edu). Authors: Authors: (1) Zhenbang Feng, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern, California Los Angeles, CA, USA (jasonfen@usc.edu); (2) Hardhik Mohanty, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern, California Los Angeles, CA, USA (hmohanty@usc.edu); (3) Bhaskar Krishnamachari, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern, California Los Angeles, CA, USA (bkrishna@usc.edu). Editor’s note: This article is part of a broader study. You’re reading part 3 of 5. Read the rest below. Editor’s note: This article is part of a broader study. You’re reading part 3 of 5. Read the rest below. Editor’s note: This article is part of a broader study. You’re reading part 3 of 5. Read the rest below. Table of Links Abstract and I. Introduction
II. The Mechanism
III. Price-Stabilizing Mechanisms, IV. Simulating DAI & V. Simplified Mathematical Model for DAI
VI. How Collateral Price Impacts Derivative Price
VII. Risk Factors for Stable Derivatives & VIII. Conclusions and References Abstract and I. Introduction Abstract and I. Introduction II. The Mechanism II. The Mechanism III. Price-Stabilizing Mechanisms, IV. Simulating DAI & V. Simplified Mathematical Model for DAI III. Price-Stabilizing Mechanisms, IV. Simulating DAI & V. Simplified Mathematical Model for DAI VI. How Collateral Price Impacts Derivative Price VI. How Collateral Price Impacts Derivative Price VII. Risk Factors for Stable Derivatives & VIII. Conclusions and References VII. Risk Factors for Stable Derivatives & VIII. Conclusions and References III. PRICE-STABILIZING MECHANISMS Synthetic derivatives like Single-Collateral DAI (SAI) aim to mirror a particular asset’s value. In SAI’s case, it seeks to peg its value to the US Dollar. The question then arises: How does it ensure that its value remains stable at 1 USD? In reality, several mechanisms work together to ensure this stability. A. Emergency Shutdown A. Emergency Shutdown Emergency shutdown is a mechanism designed for extreme circumstances. This process can be triggered during events like security breaches or huge market volatility. It allows DAI holders to directly redeem its value for $1 of collateral at the point in time when the Emergency Shutdown is initiated, essentially enforcing the 1:1 USD soft peg. B. DAI Savings Rate or Stability Fees B. DAI Savings Rate or Stability Fees Another significant mechanism to ensure price stability is the DAI Savings Rate. When market dynamics push the DAI price away from the target, this savings rate is adjusted. If DAI’s market price goes above 1 USD, the savings rate decreases, reducing demand and pushing the price towards 1 USD. Conversely, if DAI’s price falls below 1 USD, the savings rate rises, increasing demand and nudging the price upwards. In the Single-Collateral DAI, there isn’t a DAI Savings Rate; instead, stability Fees on CDPs are adjusted directly to balance the demand and supply. C. Keepers C. Keepers Keepers play an invaluable role in maintaining DAI’s stability. These are typically automated agents incentivized by profit. They actively participate in Debt and Collateral Auctions during CDP liquidations. More crucially, they trade DAI around its target price, selling when the price is high and buying when it’s low, banking on the long-term convergence towards the target price, thereby helping in maintaining the price stability. Individuals or entities are often motivated to operate keepers due to the potential for profit. This profit expectation relies on their belief that the price of DAI will remain stable around 1 USD. D. Narrative or Belief D. Narrative or Belief An often underestimated element in the mechanism of stability is the narrative or the shared belief of its participants. While tangible mechanisms like target prices, keepers, and oracles play vital roles, the intangible narrative equally underpins the stability of such systems. For example, the shared belief in DAI(SAI) is that it will stay aligned with the US dollar. This belief is propagated and reinforced through consistent communication, historical performance, community trust, and governance transparency. When participants uniformly believe in the 1:1 pegging, they act in ways that naturally enforce this peg further. For instance, if the price of SAI drifts slightly above 1 USD, the narrative would drive participants who are believing to sell, thereby pushing the price back to the peg. Conversely, if SAI dips below 1 USD, the narrative would deem it undervalued, triggering buys and bringing the price back to one dollar. This shared narrative isn’t solely built on blind faith. When the system consistently demonstrates its ability to maintain the peg through various market conditions, it reinforces the narrative. In the following sections, we will delve deeper into the role of this narrative by simulating the effects of shared belief. Role of Belief on DAI price dynamics: Let’s consider the DAI to be solely influenced by “belief” (when b is high). It becomes apparent that a shared consensus on price among the majority of investors creates a situation where an individual investor with a different view is likely to experience a negative expected return. Thus, an investor without extra information would tend to follow the majority, which again reinforces the consensus. Let’s consider two illustrative scenarios: Role of Belief on DAI price dynamics: Let’s consider the DAI to be solely influenced by “belief” (when b is high). It becomes apparent that a shared consensus on price among the majority of investors creates a situation where an individual investor with a different view is likely to experience a negative expected return. Thus, an investor without extra information would tend to follow the majority, which again reinforces the consensus. Let’s consider two illustrative scenarios: • First, suppose the current price of DAI is 1.2 USD. If investor Bob believes that the price will rise to 1.5 USD, he would purchase or take a long position in DAI, while the majority, anticipating a price decline, would sell or short DAI. • Second, consider a situation where the price of DAI is 0.8 USD. If Bob expects the price to drop further to 0.5 USD, he would choose to sell or short DAI. However, if the majority believes the price will increase, they would be looking to buy or go long on DAI. In essence, any given price could theoretically serve as a Nash Equilibrium. However, the mechanism of over-collateralization, Emergency Shutdown, and narrative set by MakerDAO suggest that the Schelling point is anchored at 1 USD. IV. SIMULATING DAI A. DAISIM A. DAISIM DAISIM [12] presents a detailed computational simulation of the single-collateral DAI stablecoin, which was initiated by the MakerDAO project in 2017. This study places a significant emphasis on modeling the behavior of cryptocurrency investors, who are characterized by a range of risk tolerances and are considered rational in their portfolio optimization strategies. A key feature of this simulator is its incorporation of automated mechanisms for both order matching and updating prices, which are critical for determining the market price of DAI. The primary aim of this research is to investigate how the price of single-collateral DAI and the allocation of investment portfolios vary among a group of investors. This variation is analyzed in the context of exogenous parameters such as the price of ETH, as well as several internal system parameters, including the stability rate and transaction fees. B. Updated objective function B. Updated objective function However, the simulated price of the DAI driven by this objective function displayed significant deviation from the desired 1 USD peg. Such consistent deviations suggest that external factors, potentially rooted in market beliefs about DAI’s stability were absent from the model’s considerations. Therefore, we introduce “belief factor” (β) to better encapsulate market sentiment regarding DAI’s valuation. Incorporating this belief factor accounts for the dual nature of market reactions to DAI’s price fluctuations. When the price of DAI falls below $1, the positive β terms stimulate an increase in demand and a decrease in supply, aiming to correct the price towards its intended $1 peg. Conversely, when DAI’s price exceeds $1, these terms adjust to increase supply and reduce demand, facilitating a return to the pegged price. When integrated into the model dynamics, these adjustment mechanisms highlight the investor’s expectation that DAI should maintain a value of $1. Hence, the refined objective function to be maximized can be written in the following manner: V. SIMPLIFIED MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR DAI Here we present a simple theoretical model of DAI price. This model is presented primarily as an explanatory tool - we do not claim that this is the “correct” model of reality. However, this model allows us to explain two phenomena: 1) how belief influences the price being close to 1, reflected in a high demand for DAI at price below that value and a low demand beyond that price, and 2) how dependence of supply and demand for DAI on the price of ETH might impact the relationship between ETH price and the valuation of DAI. This model could potentially serve as a baseline for further investigation and development by the research community. To determine the price, we equate these two as follows: This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. available on arxiv

DAI Doesn’t Stay at $1 by Accident—Here’s the System That Keeps It There

Today marks a watershed moment for our Pacific Island communities. With immense pride and profound hope, I officially launch the Pasifika Web3 Tech Hub i.e. a groundbreaking initiative designed to unite our cultural heritage with blockchain innovation. On this day, I am giving you the key to your personal freedom and financial sovereignty. This isn't merely a technological project, it's a pathway to economic empowerment and cultural preservation for Pacific Islanders everywhere. On this day, I am giving you the key to your personal freedom and financial sovereignty. The Pasifika Web3 Tech Hub is a DAO-governed, PASIFIKA token-powered marketplace built on Blockchain technology, connecting our island communities to global markets through a decentralized physical infrastructure (DePIN). This platform will enable us to share our data, digital content, traditional knowledge, handicrafts, and local produce with the world on our own terms, preserving our cultural identity while creating unprecedented economic opportunities. Moving Beyond Legacy Systems In recent days, many fellow Tongans have approached me asking if I would consider taking on CEO positions in public enterprises if such roles were advertised. Their queries echo similar questions about the Board of Directors positions I addressed recently. My response remains consistent i.e. Why would I want to inherit a mess orchestrated by other people? Let them fix their own problems. I have contributed enough already in the utilities sector, fighting uphill battles against outdated structures and resistant bureaucracies. I have moved on. I am already in Web3, and I am now offering this future to all citizens. Just as I outlined in my recent piece about the obsolescence of the Public Enterprises Statutory Board of Directors, our progress demands that we leave behind systems that no longer serve their purpose. The traditional corporate structures that have failed to deliver prosperity to our people cannot be the vehicles for our future success. piece Building Rather Than Repairing Instead of pouring energy into fixing broken systems, I've chosen to build something entirely new i.e. a system designed specifically for our needs, values, and aspirations. The Pasifika Web3 Tech Hub represents a fundamental shift in thinking. Rather than creating more oversight layers, redundant bureaucracies, or positions of limited influence, we're establishing direct pathways to market, transparent governance, and genuine community ownership. Our decentralized approach eliminates the very inefficiencies I've spent years pointing out in traditional governance structures. Where the current systems create barriers between producers and consumers, our platform creates bridges. Where existing frameworks drain resources through unnecessary administrative layers, our model channels resources directly to value creators. Your Invitation to True Sovereignty Today's launch is an invitation. An invitation to artisans to share their crafts with global markets. An invitation to farmers to receive fair compensation for their produce. An invitation to knowledge keepers to preserve and monetize our cultural wisdom on their own terms. But most importantly, it's an invitation to all Pacific Islanders to claim ownership of their digital and economic future. The journey continues, but now with a clear destination i.e. a Pacific that leverages technology not just to participate in the global economy, but to lead it in ways that honor our values, strengthen our communities, and preserve our unique cultural heritage. To those who continue asking if I'll return to traditional roles within the existing system, my answer is clear i.e. I've chosen to build the future rather than repair the past. I invite you to join me on this journey toward genuine digital sovereignty and economic empowerment. The key to your personal freedom and financial sovereignty is now in your hands. The Pasifika Web3 Tech Hub is more than a platform, it's our collective declaration that we will chart our own course in the digital economy, on our own terms, with our cultural values intact. The Pasifika Web3 Tech Hub starts today, and it begins with us. You can start by reading our Constitution here on our GitHub repository. here Watch this space for updates space The Pasifika Web3 Tech Hub is a DAO-governed, PASIFIKA token-powered marketplace built on Blockchain, connecting island communities to global markets through decentralized infrastructure. We unite traditional knowledge with cutting-edge AI to preserve cultural heritage while creating economic opportunities across the Pacific. The Pasifika Web3 Tech Hub is a DAO-governed, PASIFIKA token-powered marketplace built on Blockchain, connecting island communities to global markets through decentralized infrastructure. We unite traditional knowledge with cutting-edge AI to preserve cultural heritage while creating economic opportunities across the Pacific.

Pasifika Web3 Tech Hub Promises Personal Freedom, Financial Sovereignty for Pacific Islands

The Disaster That Changed Everything In October 2019, we made a critical mistake that led to 10,000 important files disappearing overnight. It was a disaster—one that could have ruined our business. But five years later, that same experience saved our new company from an even bigger crisis. This is a story about data loss, misconfigurations, and the hard lessons that led us to build a bulletproof backup system. If you're running a system that stores critical data, this could help you avoid making the same mistakes. Background: How Gama Stored Data Gama (gama.ir) is a K-12 educational content-sharing platform launched in 2014 in Iran, with over 10 million users worldwide. It provides services such as: Past Papers
Tutorials & Learning Resources
Online Exams & School Hub
Live Streaming & Q&A Community
Tutoring Services Since our content was user-generated, maintaining secure file storage was a top priority. We used MooseFS, a distributed file system with five nodes and a triple-replication model, ensuring redundancy. Our Backup Strategy A simple external HDD where we stored copies of every file. It worked fine, and we rarely needed it. But then, we made a dangerous assumption. The Migration That Led to Disaster One of our engineers suggested migrating to GlusterFS, a more well-known distributed file system. It sounded great—more scalability, higher adoption, and seemingly better performance. After evaluating the cost-benefit tradeoff, we decided to switch. Two months later, the migration was complete. Our team was thrilled with the new system. Everything seemed stable… until it wasn’t. There was just one small problem: Our backup HDD was 90% full, and we needed to make a decision. The Mistake Because we had never really needed our full backups before, we assumed GlusterFS was reliable enough. We removed our old backup strategy and trusted GlusterFS replication. That was a bad decision. The Day Everything Went Wrong Two months later, one morning, we started receiving reports: some files were missing. At first, we thought it was a network glitch—something minor. But as we dug deeper, we found that Gluster was showing missing chunks and sync errors. Files were disappearing.
More and more pages were throwing errors.
It was spreading fast. The Immediate Response 3:30 AM: We decided to restart the Gluster network, believing a fresh bootstrap would fix the problem. At first, it seemed to work! We thought we had solved it. Then, a WhatsApp message from the content team came in: “The files are empty.” Wait, what? The files existed, but they contained nothing. We checked manually. The files still had size and metadata, but when we opened them, they were completely blank. 10,000 files were gone. The Backup That Was Useless We had a backup HDD. That should have saved us, right? Wrong. Because after migrating to GlusterFS, we had restructured our directory system. Every file had a new hashed path in the database. Our old backups were useless because they had different filenames. We tried multiple recovery methods. Nothing worked. In the end, we had to email thousands of users, asking them to re-upload their lost files. It was a nightmare. But it forced us to rethink everything. How We Fixed It: Introducing Gama File Keeper (GFK) After this disaster, we completely redesigned our storage and backup strategy. Our solution had two parts: 1. Gama File Keeper (GFK): A Smarter Storage System Every uploaded file is mapped with a checksum, making it trackable even if renamed.
Instead of hard deletions, files now go through a 3-month soft delete process before starting removal process.
Recovery is now instant using checksum-based matching. 2. Backapp: A Multi-Layered Backup Strategy We no longer rely on a single storage system. Instead, we implemented a three-layered backup strategy: Warm Backup (Every 2 Hours): Real-time sync within the same data center.
Cold Backup (Every 6 Hours): Replicated to a separate data center.
Offline Backup (Weekly): Stored on physical HDDs in a separate location. Database Backups Full backups every 24 hours, stored for 12 months. The Real Test: How This System Saved Us in 2025 Fast forward five years. Gamatrain.com, our new business in the UK, faced another rare incident. But this time, we didn’t lose a single file. Why? Because of the lessons we learned in 2019 and the system we built to prevent it. Lessons for Every Engineer Never trust a single storage system—even if it seems rock solid.
Backups should be independent, multi-layered, and stored in different locations.
Disasters will happen. Your resilience depends on how well you prepare for them. What’s the worst data loss disaster you’ve faced? Share your experience in the comments! #devops #backupstrategy #datarecovery #engineeringfailures #disasterrecovery The Disaster That Changed Everything In October 2019, we made a critical mistake that led to 10,000 important files disappearing overnight . It was a disaster—one that could have ruined our business. But five years later, that same experience saved our new company from an even bigger crisis. In October 2019, we made a critical mistake that led to 10,000 important files disappearing overnight This is a story about data loss, misconfigurations, and the hard lessons that led us to build a bulletproof backup system. If you're running a system that stores critical data, this could help you avoid making the same mistakes. Background: How Gama Stored Data Gama (gama.ir) is a K-12 educational content-sharing platform launched in 2014 in Iran, with over 10 million users worldwide. It provides services such as: Past Papers Tutorials & Learning Resources Online Exams & School Hub Live Streaming & Q&A Community Tutoring Services Past Papers Tutorials & Learning Resources Online Exams & School Hub Live Streaming & Q&A Community Tutoring Services Since our content was user-generated, maintaining secure file storage was a top priority. We used MooseFS , a distributed file system with five nodes and a triple-replication model, ensuring redundancy. MooseFS Our Backup Strategy A simple external HDD where we stored copies of every file. It worked fine, and we rarely needed it. But then, we made a dangerous assumption. The Migration That Led to Disaster One of our engineers suggested migrating to GlusterFS , a more well-known distributed file system. It sounded great—more scalability, higher adoption, and seemingly better performance. After evaluating the cost-benefit tradeoff, we decided to switch. GlusterFS Two months later, the migration was complete. Our team was thrilled with the new system. Everything seemed stable… until it wasn’t. There was just one small problem: Our backup HDD was 90% full, and we needed to make a decision. The Mistake Because we had never really needed our full backups before, we assumed GlusterFS was reliable enough. We removed our old backup strategy and trusted GlusterFS replication. That was a bad decision. The Day Everything Went Wrong Two months later, one morning, we started receiving reports: some files were missing. At first, we thought it was a network glitch—something minor. But as we dug deeper, we found that Gluster was showing missing chunks and sync errors. Files were disappearing. More and more pages were throwing errors. It was spreading fast. Files were disappearing. More and more pages were throwing errors. It was spreading fast. The Immediate Response 3:30 AM: We decided to restart the Gluster network, believing a fresh bootstrap would fix the problem. At first, it seemed to work! We thought we had solved it. Then, a WhatsApp message from the content team came in: “The files are empty.” “The files are empty.” Wait, what? The files existed, but they contained nothing. We checked manually. The files still had size and metadata, but when we opened them, they were completely blank. 10,000 files were gone. The Backup That Was Useless We had a backup HDD. That should have saved us, right? Wrong. Because after migrating to GlusterFS, we had restructured our directory system. Every file had a new hashed path in the database. Our old backups were useless because they had different filenames. We tried multiple recovery methods. Nothing worked. In the end, we had to email thousands of users, asking them to re-upload their lost files. It was a nightmare. But it forced us to rethink everything. How We Fixed It: Introducing Gama File Keeper (GFK) After this disaster, we completely redesigned our storage and backup strategy. Our solution had two parts: 1. Gama File Keeper (GFK): A Smarter Storage System Every uploaded file is mapped with a checksum, making it trackable even if renamed. Instead of hard deletions, files now go through a 3-month soft delete process before starting removal process. Recovery is now instant using checksum-based matching. Every uploaded file is mapped with a checksum, making it trackable even if renamed. Instead of hard deletions, files now go through a 3-month soft delete process before starting removal process. Recovery is now instant using checksum-based matching. 2. Backapp: A Multi-Layered Backup Strategy We no longer rely on a single storage system. Instead, we implemented a three-layered backup strategy: Warm Backup (Every 2 Hours): Real-time sync within the same data center. Cold Backup (Every 6 Hours): Replicated to a separate data center. Offline Backup (Weekly): Stored on physical HDDs in a separate location. Warm Backup (Every 2 Hours): Real-time sync within the same data center. Warm Backup (Every 2 Hours): Cold Backup (Every 6 Hours): Replicated to a separate data center. Cold Backup (Every 6 Hours): Offline Backup (Weekly): Stored on physical HDDs in a separate location. Offline Backup (Weekly): Database Backups Full backups every 24 hours, stored for 12 months. Full backups every 24 hours, stored for 12 months. The Real Test: How This System Saved Us in 2025 Fast forward five years. Gamatrain.com, our new business in the UK, faced another rare incident. But this time, we didn’t lose a single file. Why? Because of the lessons we learned in 2019 and the system we built to prevent it. Lessons for Every Engineer Never trust a single storage system—even if it seems rock solid. Backups should be independent, multi-layered, and stored in different locations. Disasters will happen. Your resilience depends on how well you prepare for them. Never trust a single storage system—even if it seems rock solid. Backups should be independent, multi-layered, and stored in different locations. Disasters will happen. Your resilience depends on how well you prepare for them. What’s the worst data loss disaster you’ve faced? Share your experience in the comments! #devops #backupstrategy #datarecovery #engineeringfailures #disasterrecovery

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أفضل 7 أدوات الذكاء الاصطناعي لوسائل التواصل الاجتماعي في عام 2025 - أيها الأفضل بالنسبة لك؟

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เครื่องมือโซเชียลมีเดีย AI ที่ดีที่สุด 7 อันในปี 2025 อันไหนเหมาะกับคุณที่สุด?

ኣብ 2025 ዝርከቡ 7 ዝበለጹ መሳርሒታት ማሕበራዊ መራኸቢታት AI—ኣየናይ እዩ ንዓኻ ዝበለጸ?

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Can decentralized finance (DeFi) on Bitcoin finally deliver the automation that investors have been waiting for? Bitflow, a decentralized Bitcoin exchange, seems to think so. Today, the company announced the launch of Automated Dollar-Cost Averaging (DCA) for Bitcoin and Runes tokens on Stacks, marking a significant step toward AI-powered DeFi infrastructure. The introduction of Automated DCA allows users to accumulate Bitcoin (BTC) and popular Runes tokens without relinquishing custody of their assets. By leveraging Bitflow Keepers, the platform’s smart automation engine, this new feature brings recurring, trustless investment strategies directly onto the Stacks ecosystem. The development could signal a turning point for Bitcoin DeFi, long overshadowed by Ethereum’s more robust ecosystem. Unlocking Automation for Bitcoin DeFi Automated DCA isn’t just about convenience—it addresses a fundamental challenge in crypto investing: timing the market. With this feature, users can automate purchases of BTC, stablecoins, STX, sBTC, SIP-10 tokens, and top Runes assets like $DOG (DOG•GO•TO•THE•MOON), Stacks’ leading memecoin. The goal? To simplify long-term crypto accumulation and reduce reliance on manual trading. "Bitcoin DeFi is finally unlocking real automation with Automated DCA. Utilizing Bitflow Keepers, this powerful new feature enables users to program their BTC investments in a fully decentralized and trustless manner," said Dylan Floyd, Bitflow Co-Founder and Lead Developer. For the first time on Stacks, DeFi users can execute systematic investment strategies while retaining full control over their assets. All transactions occur on-chain, fully non-custodial, eliminating reliance on third-party intermediaries—a key principle in the decentralized finance ethos. The Broader Implications for Bitcoin’s Role in DeFi This move could redefine how Bitcoin functions within the DeFi landscape. Traditionally seen as a static store of value, Bitcoin’s role is evolving into that of a productive asset. Bitflow’s automation framework enhances this utility by allowing users to implement profit-taking strategies and recurring purchases based on predefined conditions—without needing to time the market manually. Moreover, the support for Runes and SIP-10 tokens broadens the utility of the Stacks Layer 2 (L2) network, positioning it as a key player in Bitcoin-native finance. The introduction of AI-driven automation could attract users looking for sophisticated tools typically associated with Ethereum’s DeFi offerings. Looking Ahead: AI and Cross-Layer Integration Bitflow’s roadmap for DeFi automation doesn’t end here. The company plans to introduce automated yield strategies that will optimize BTC-based yield farming without manual intervention. These strategies aim to unlock new avenues for generating returns on Bitcoin holdings, advancing the asset’s role beyond passive investment. Additionally, upcoming features like market-triggered swaps will enable users to execute trades automatically based on price trends and volatility indicators. Perhaps most significantly, Bitflow is working on facilitating cross-layer asset flows between Bitcoin’s Layer 1 and Stacks Layer 2. Such integration would improve liquidity efficiency and enable seamless movement of BTC-based assets across layers, enhancing the scalability and accessibility of Bitcoin DeFi. Final Thoughts: Is Bitcoin DeFi Finally Catching Up? The launch of Bitflow’s Automated DCA feature could represent a critical inflection point for Bitcoin-native finance. By bringing AI-powered, non-custodial automation tools to the Stacks ecosystem, Bitflow is challenging the perception that Bitcoin’s utility is limited to being a store of value. While Ethereum continues to dominate the DeFi conversation, Bitflow’s efforts may help Bitcoin close the gap by introducing more accessible, automated financial strategies. As Bitcoin continues to establish itself as a yield-generating asset, innovations like Automated DCA might pave the way for a more active, productive role in the decentralized economy. The question now is whether users and developers will embrace this shift. If they do, Bitcoin could finally become more than digital gold—it could become the foundation for a truly decentralized, automated financial future. Don’t forget to like and share the story! Vested Interest Disclosure: This author is an independent contributor publishing via our business blogging program. HackerNoon has reviewed the report for quality, but the claims herein belong to the author. #DYOR Can decentralized finance (DeFi) on Bitcoin finally deliver the automation that investors have been waiting for? Bitflow , a decentralized Bitcoin exchange, seems to think so. Today, the company announced the launch of Automated Dollar-Cost Averaging (DCA) for Bitcoin and Runes tokens on Stacks, marking a significant step toward AI-powered DeFi infrastructure. Bitflow The introduction of Automated DCA allows users to accumulate Bitcoin (BTC) and popular Runes tokens without relinquishing custody of their assets. By leveraging Bitflow Keepers, the platform’s smart automation engine, this new feature brings recurring, trustless investment strategies directly onto the Stacks ecosystem. The development could signal a turning point for Bitcoin DeFi, long overshadowed by Ethereum’s more robust ecosystem. Unlocking Automation for Bitcoin DeFi Unlocking Automation for Bitcoin DeFi Automated DCA isn’t just about convenience—it addresses a fundamental challenge in crypto investing: timing the market. With this feature, users can automate purchases of BTC, stablecoins, STX, sBTC, SIP-10 tokens, and top Runes assets like $DOG (DOG•GO•TO•THE•MOON), Stacks’ leading memecoin. The goal? To simplify long-term crypto accumulation and reduce reliance on manual trading. "Bitcoin DeFi is finally unlocking real automation with Automated DCA. Utilizing Bitflow Keepers, this powerful new feature enables users to program their BTC investments in a fully decentralized and trustless manner," said Dylan Floyd, Bitflow Co-Founder and Lead Developer. For the first time on Stacks, DeFi users can execute systematic investment strategies while retaining full control over their assets. All transactions occur on-chain, fully non-custodial, eliminating reliance on third-party intermediaries—a key principle in the decentralized finance ethos. The Broader Implications for Bitcoin’s Role in DeFi The Broader Implications for Bitcoin’s Role in DeFi This move could redefine how Bitcoin functions within the DeFi landscape. Traditionally seen as a static store of value, Bitcoin’s role is evolving into that of a productive asset. Bitflow’s automation framework enhances this utility by allowing users to implement profit-taking strategies and recurring purchases based on predefined conditions—without needing to time the market manually. Moreover, the support for Runes and SIP-10 tokens broadens the utility of the Stacks Layer 2 (L2) network, positioning it as a key player in Bitcoin-native finance. The introduction of AI-driven automation could attract users looking for sophisticated tools typically associated with Ethereum’s DeFi offerings. Looking Ahead: AI and Cross-Layer Integration Looking Ahead: AI and Cross-Layer Integration Bitflow’s roadmap for DeFi automation doesn’t end here. The company plans to introduce automated yield strategies that will optimize BTC-based yield farming without manual intervention. These strategies aim to unlock new avenues for generating returns on Bitcoin holdings, advancing the asset’s role beyond passive investment. Additionally, upcoming features like market-triggered swaps will enable users to execute trades automatically based on price trends and volatility indicators. Perhaps most significantly, Bitflow is working on facilitating cross-layer asset flows between Bitcoin’s Layer 1 and Stacks Layer 2. Such integration would improve liquidity efficiency and enable seamless movement of BTC-based assets across layers, enhancing the scalability and accessibility of Bitcoin DeFi. Final Thoughts: Is Bitcoin DeFi Finally Catching Up? Final Thoughts: Is Bitcoin DeFi Finally Catching Up? The launch of Bitflow’s Automated DCA feature could represent a critical inflection point for Bitcoin-native finance. By bringing AI-powered, non-custodial automation tools to the Stacks ecosystem, Bitflow is challenging the perception that Bitcoin’s utility is limited to being a store of value. While Ethereum continues to dominate the DeFi conversation, Bitflow’s efforts may help Bitcoin close the gap by introducing more accessible, automated financial strategies. As Bitcoin continues to establish itself as a yield-generating asset, innovations like Automated DCA might pave the way for a more active, productive role in the decentralized economy. The question now is whether users and developers will embrace this shift. If they do, Bitcoin could finally become more than digital gold—it could become the foundation for a truly decentralized, automated financial future. Don’t forget to like and share the story! Vested Interest Disclosure: This author is an independent contributor publishing via our business blogging program. HackerNoon has reviewed the report for quality, but the claims herein belong to the author. #DYOR Vested Interest Disclosure: This author is an independent contributor publishing via our business blogging program . HackerNoon has reviewed the report for quality, but the claims herein belong to the author. #DYOR Vested Interest Disclosure: business blogging program business blogging program

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