(Reuters) - An eight-year-old became the youngest player to defeat a grandmaster in classical chess on Sunday when Ashwath Kaushik beat Poland&#x27;s Jacek Stopa at the Burgdorfer Stadthaus Open in Switzerland.

Other Sports: Chess-Eight-year-old becomes youngest to beat grandmaster | The Star

The German teams continue to dominate the Mitropa Cup in Apolda, Germany. In round 6 both German teams won against France, and with this win Germany defended its lead in the Open while the women&#x27;s team took the sole lead. | Photos: German Chess Federation/Frank Hoppe

Mitropa Cup: Both German teams in the lead | ChessBase

The 1st Dortmund International Chess Days will take place from 10 to 18 August 2024 at the Cultural Centre Alte Schmiede in Dortmund. Frederik Sane and Leon Mendonca have already confirmed their participation in the A-Open. Elisabeth Pähtz and Dinara Wagner will play a match to find out who ...

Sparkassen Chess Trophy 2024 | ChessBase

Ashwath Kaushik of Singapore defeats 37-year-old grandmaster, beating record set days before by another eight-year-old

Eight-year-old becomes youngest chess player to beat grandmaster | Chess | The Guardian

At eight years, six months and 11 days old, Ashwath Kaushik made history by becoming the youngest player to beat a chess grandmaster in a classical tournament game.

Ashwath Kaushik: 8-year-old prodigy makes history after beating chess grandmaster | CNN

Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-N.Y.) and 22 other Democratic senators sent a letter to Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Chair Lina Khan Wednesday demanding an investigation of two major proposed oil industry ... major U.S. energy companies dropped ...

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CEO John Hess is publicly enthusiastic about the deal, and it would be tough for another bidder to emerge given Hess’s size.

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ExxonMobil's decision to buy Pioneer is a bet on the Permian Basin. On March 5, 2019, ExxonMobil revised its growth plans to produce more than 1 million barrels of oil equivalent per day (boe/d) from the Permian as early as 2024. ExxonMobil was on pace to miss that goal.

ExxonMobil and Chevron Are Betting Big on Fossil Fuels. Should You?

Milestone Environmental Services said it planned to lease about 22,000 acres in Midland and Loving counties in Texas.

Permian Basin energy companies focusing on carbon capture during region's growth

Exxon Mobil and Chevron told investors why they want to spend $114 billion combined on two megadeals. Their earnings reports revealed why they need to

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Hess

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Appendices on Our Dark Matter Study

Table of Links Acknowledgements 1 Introduction to thesis 1.1 History and Evidence 1.2 Facts on dark matter 1.3 Candidates to dark matter 1.4 Dark matter detection 1.5 Outline of the thesis 2 Dark matter through ALP portal and 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Model 2.3 Existing constraints on ALP parameter space 2.4 Dark matter analysis 2.5 Summary 3 A two component dark matter model in a generic 𝑈(1)𝑋 extension of SM and 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Model 3.3 Theoretical and experimental constraints 3.4 Phenomenology of dark matter 3.5 Relic density dependence on 𝑈(1)𝑋 charge 𝑥𝐻 3.6 Summary 4 A pseudo-scalar dark matter case in 𝑈(1)𝑋 extension of SM and 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Model 4.3 Theoretical and experimental constraints 4.4 Dark Matter analysis 4.5 Summary Appendices A Standard model B Friedmann equations C Type I seasaw mechanism D Feynman diagrams in two-component DM model Bibliography 4.5 Summary 5 Summary This thesis examines several models of Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) dark matter and their implications from a phenomenological standpoint. These models are particularly intriguing due to the stringent constraints of direct detection experiments. In chapters 2 and 4, we explore models where the pseudo-scalar properties serve as both a mediator and a dark matter candidate, allowing them to evade the direct detection bounds. Additionally, in chapter 3, we delve into a two-component dark matter model and its relevant phenomenological features. Here, we provide a concise overview of each of these chapters. Chapter 2 focuses on an ALP portal fermion dark matter model. This model is minimal, consisting of three right-handed neutrinos (RHNs) and one pseudo-scalar mediator known as ALP. The two RHNs mix with the three active neutrinos, generating neutrino masses through Type I seesaw mechanism (detailed in Appendix-C). The stability of the third RHN is ensured by a Z2 symmetry, making it a viable dark matter candidate. We then proceed to analyze the constraints imposed by neutrino mixing and ALP couplings to Standard Model (SM) particles. By incorporating these experimental bounds, we investigate the parameter space that allows for fermion dark matter, taking into account relic density, direct detection, and indirect detection constraints. Remarkably, the model exhibits a significant parameter space that satisfies the relic density constraint, and it also possesses detectable signatures for indirect searches such as Fermi-LAT or HESS. In chapter 3, we explore a model of dark matter consisting of a scalar and fermion as components. This model is based on a generic U(1)𝑋 extension of the Standard Model (SM). To ensure the consistency of the model, we introduce three right-handed neutrinos, which necessitate the presence of the U(1)𝑋 gauge symmetry. Additionally, we incorporate two new complex scalars into the model. These scalars are singlets under the SM but carry charges under the U(1)𝑋 gauge symmetry. One of the scalars breaks the U(1)𝑋 gauge symmetry, while the other scalar is responsible for the scalar dark matter (DM). In this model, we also include two Z2 symmetries. One of these symmetries applies to the right-handed neutrinos, while the other symmetry applies to the new scalar. As a result, both the scalars and fermions can potentially act as DM candidates. Furthermore, the two remaining right-handed neutrinos mix with the three active neutrinos, leading to the generation of neutrino masses through a Type I seesaw mechanism Finally, we explore a few more U(1) models that allow for parameter space accommodating the two-component DM. This model offers a rich phenomenology and provides opportunities for testing and collaboration with colleagues. We have previously discussed the WIMP DM models within the framework of the ALP portal and U(1)𝑋 extension. These models have been thoroughly analyzed, taking into account various theoretical and experimental constraints. The model we have discussed addresses certain issues associated with WIMP models, particularly the lack of direct detection of WIMP DM. Additionally, our models incorporate neutrino physics, including oscillation and mass mechanisms. These bottom-up models offer a fascinating range of phenomenology that can be explored through collider-based experiments. However, it is worth noting that the standard DM mass in these WIMP DM models is limited to the range of a few GeV to TeV, which restricts the scope of our explored DM scenarios. There are other intriguing mass ranges for DM, such as ultralight dark matter, sub-GeV DM, and primordial black holes, among others. I intend to investigate these scenarios in future research. Furthermore, apart from considering different DM candidates, exploring the production mechanisms of DM is also an intriguing avenue for further exploration and study. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. Author:
(1) Shivam Gola, The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai. Table of Links Acknowledgements Acknowledgements 1 Introduction to thesis 1 Introduction to thesis 1.1 History and Evidence 1.1 History and Evidence 1.2 Facts on dark matter 1.2 Facts on dark matter 1.3 Candidates to dark matter 1.3 Candidates to dark matter 1.4 Dark matter detection 1.4 Dark matter detection 1.5 Outline of the thesis 1.5 Outline of the thesis 2 Dark matter through ALP portal and 2.1 Introduction 2 Dark matter through ALP portal and 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Model 2.2 Model 2.3 Existing constraints on ALP parameter space 2.3 Existing constraints on ALP parameter space 2.4 Dark matter analysis 2.4 Dark matter analysis 2.5 Summary 2.5 Summary 3 A two component dark matter model in a generic 𝑈(1)𝑋 extension of SM and 3.1 Introduction 3 A two component dark matter model in a generic 𝑈(1)𝑋 extension of SM and 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Model 3.2 Model 3.3 Theoretical and experimental constraints 3.3 Theoretical and experimental constraints 3.4 Phenomenology of dark matter 3.4 Phenomenology of dark matter 3.5 Relic density dependence on 𝑈(1)𝑋 charge 𝑥𝐻 3.5 Relic density dependence on 𝑈(1)𝑋 charge 𝑥𝐻 3.6 Summary 3.6 Summary 4 A pseudo-scalar dark matter case in 𝑈(1)𝑋 extension of SM and 4.1 Introduction 4 A pseudo-scalar dark matter case in 𝑈(1)𝑋 extension of SM and 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Model 4.2 Model 4.3 Theoretical and experimental constraints 4.3 Theoretical and experimental constraints 4.4 Dark Matter analysis 4.4 Dark Matter analysis 4.5 Summary 4.5 Summary Appendices Appendices A Standard model A Standard model B Friedmann equations B Friedmann equations C Type I seasaw mechanism C Type I seasaw mechanism D Feynman diagrams in two-component DM model D Feynman diagrams in two-component DM model Bibliography Bibliography 4.5 Summary 5 Summary This thesis examines several models of Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) dark matter and their implications from a phenomenological standpoint. These models are particularly intriguing due to the stringent constraints of direct detection experiments. In chapters 2 and 4, we explore models where the pseudo-scalar properties serve as both a mediator and a dark matter candidate, allowing them to evade the direct detection bounds. Additionally, in chapter 3, we delve into a two-component dark matter model and its relevant phenomenological features. Here, we provide a concise overview of each of these chapters. Chapter 2 focuses on an ALP portal fermion dark matter model. This model is minimal, consisting of three right-handed neutrinos (RHNs) and one pseudo-scalar mediator known as ALP. The two RHNs mix with the three active neutrinos, generating neutrino masses through Type I seesaw mechanism (detailed in Appendix-C). The stability of the third RHN is ensured by a Z2 symmetry, making it a viable dark matter candidate. We then proceed to analyze the constraints imposed by neutrino mixing and ALP couplings to Standard Model (SM) particles. By incorporating these experimental bounds, we investigate the parameter space that allows for fermion dark matter, taking into account relic density, direct detection, and indirect detection constraints. Remarkably, the model exhibits a significant parameter space that satisfies the relic density constraint, and it also possesses detectable signatures for indirect searches such as Fermi-LAT or HESS. In chapter 3, we explore a model of dark matter consisting of a scalar and fermion as components. This model is based on a generic U(1)𝑋 extension of the Standard Model (SM). To ensure the consistency of the model, we introduce three right-handed neutrinos, which necessitate the presence of the U(1)𝑋 gauge symmetry. Additionally, we incorporate two new complex scalars into the model. These scalars are singlets under the SM but carry charges under the U(1)𝑋 gauge symmetry. One of the scalars breaks the U(1)𝑋 gauge symmetry, while the other scalar is responsible for the scalar dark matter (DM). In this model, we also include two Z2 symmetries. One of these symmetries applies to the right-handed neutrinos, while the other symmetry applies to the new scalar. As a result, both the scalars and fermions can potentially act as DM candidates. Furthermore, the two remaining right-handed neutrinos mix with the three active neutrinos, leading to the generation of neutrino masses through a Type I seesaw mechanism Finally, we explore a few more U(1) models that allow for parameter space accommodating the two-component DM. This model offers a rich phenomenology and provides opportunities for testing and collaboration with colleagues. We have previously discussed the WIMP DM models within the framework of the ALP portal and U(1)𝑋 extension. These models have been thoroughly analyzed, taking into account various theoretical and experimental constraints. The model we have discussed addresses certain issues associated with WIMP models, particularly the lack of direct detection of WIMP DM. Additionally, our models incorporate neutrino physics, including oscillation and mass mechanisms. These bottom-up models offer a fascinating range of phenomenology that can be explored through collider-based experiments. However, it is worth noting that the standard DM mass in these WIMP DM models is limited to the range of a few GeV to TeV, which restricts the scope of our explored DM scenarios. There are other intriguing mass ranges for DM, such as ultralight dark matter, sub-GeV DM, and primordial black holes, among others. I intend to investigate these scenarios in future research. Furthermore, apart from considering different DM candidates, exploring the production mechanisms of DM is also an intriguing avenue for further exploration and study. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. available on arxiv Author: (1) Shivam Gola, The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai. Author: Author: (1) Shivam Gola, The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai.

Dark Matter Study: Examining Several Models of WIMP

Table of Links Acknowledgements 1 Introduction to thesis 1.1 History and Evidence 1.2 Facts on dark matter 1.3 Candidates to dark matter 1.4 Dark matter detection 1.5 Outline of the thesis 2 Dark matter through ALP portal and 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Model 2.3 Existing constraints on ALP parameter space 2.4 Dark matter analysis 2.5 Summary 3 A two component dark matter model in a generic 𝑈(1)𝑋 extension of SM and 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Model 3.3 Theoretical and experimental constraints 3.4 Phenomenology of dark matter 3.5 Relic density dependence on 𝑈(1)𝑋 charge 𝑥𝐻 3.6 Summary 4 A pseudo-scalar dark matter case in 𝑈(1)𝑋 extension of SM and 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Model 4.3 Theoretical and experimental constraints 4.4 Dark Matter analysis 4.5 Summary 5 Summary Appendices A Standard model B Friedmann equations C Type I seasaw mechanism D Feynman diagrams in two-component DM model Bibliography 2.4 Dark matter analysis 2.4.1 Relic density 2.4.2 Direct detection The XENON1T [18] experiments have a strong sensitivity for spin-independent and spindependent DM-nucleon interactions in our interested mass range of DM. However, recent data from LZ [22] and XENONnT [24] have further put stronger bounds on scattering cross-section. The interaction between DM (𝑁1) and a quark (q) can be described by the following effective Lagrangian: 2.4.3 Indirect detection These gamma rays would be produced preferentially in regions of high DM density and can be best detected by Fermi-Lat [8], HESS [7]. The integrated gamma-ray flux from the DM annihilation in a density distribution 𝜌(r) is given by This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. Author:
(1) Shivam Gola, The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai. Table of Links Acknowledgements Acknowledgements 1 Introduction to thesis 1 Introduction to thesis 1.1 History and Evidence 1.1 History and Evidence 1.2 Facts on dark matter 1.2 Facts on dark matter 1.3 Candidates to dark matter 1.3 Candidates to dark matter 1.4 Dark matter detection 1.4 Dark matter detection 1.5 Outline of the thesis 1.5 Outline of the thesis 2 Dark matter through ALP portal and 2.1 Introduction 2 Dark matter through ALP portal and 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Model 2.2 Model 2.3 Existing constraints on ALP parameter space 2.3 Existing constraints on ALP parameter space 2.4 Dark matter analysis 2.4 Dark matter analysis 2.5 Summary 2.5 Summary 3 A two component dark matter model in a generic 𝑈(1)𝑋 extension of SM and 3.1 Introduction 3 A two component dark matter model in a generic 𝑈(1)𝑋 extension of SM and 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Model 3.2 Model 3.3 Theoretical and experimental constraints 3.3 Theoretical and experimental constraints 3.4 Phenomenology of dark matter 3.4 Phenomenology of dark matter 3.5 Relic density dependence on 𝑈(1)𝑋 charge 𝑥𝐻 3.5 Relic density dependence on 𝑈(1)𝑋 charge 𝑥𝐻 3.6 Summary 3.6 Summary 4 A pseudo-scalar dark matter case in 𝑈(1)𝑋 extension of SM and 4.1 Introduction 4 A pseudo-scalar dark matter case in 𝑈(1)𝑋 extension of SM and 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Model 4.2 Model 4.3 Theoretical and experimental constraints 4.3 Theoretical and experimental constraints 4.4 Dark Matter analysis 4.4 Dark Matter analysis 4.5 Summary 4.5 Summary 5 Summary 5 Summary Appendices Appendices A Standard model A Standard model B Friedmann equations B Friedmann equations C Type I seasaw mechanism C Type I seasaw mechanism D Feynman diagrams in two-component DM model D Feynman diagrams in two-component DM model Bibliography Bibliography 2.4 Dark matter analysis 2.4.1 Relic density 2.4.2 Direct detection The XENON1T [18] experiments have a strong sensitivity for spin-independent and spindependent DM-nucleon interactions in our interested mass range of DM. However, recent data from LZ [22] and XENONnT [24] have further put stronger bounds on scattering cross-section. The interaction between DM (𝑁1) and a quark (q) can be described by the following effective Lagrangian: 2.4.3 Indirect detection These gamma rays would be produced preferentially in regions of high DM density and can be best detected by Fermi-Lat [8], HESS [7]. The integrated gamma-ray flux from the DM annihilation in a density distribution 𝜌(r) is given by This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. available on arxiv Author: (1) Shivam Gola, The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai. Author: Author: (1) Shivam Gola, The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai.

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