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Are emerging platforms bridging the gap or breaching trust? Blockchain used to be associated with innovation and originality, with a thrill of doing something meaningful that no one has done before. However, this linkage starts to fade away as all the platforms are using the same template of ‘bridging the gap’. What once was an authentic aspiration of platforms is becoming a trend that now everyone follows. When we look at the websites and press releases of new ICOs and fintech platforms, we see the same template of phrase: “We are bridging the gap between centralized/traditional and decentralized finance/market.” Don’t get me wrong: the idea to bridge the gap is quite good, it is that good, indeed, that it was copied and took on a life of its own. Bridging the gap became a catch phrase, like ‘social responsibility’ — somebody meant it, now everyone says it, but nobody really knows what it means. Using the phrase to highlight the aspirations of the projects became seen as a race for the spot under the sun, and the instruments to build sand castles are taken from other participants on the way to the finish line. Actions of such players undermine efforts and intentions of credible actors who truly want to make an impact. Nonetheless, we need to remain critical. When you see a stone making ripples on the water, find the stone, don’t go chasing the ripples. The only way that the Blockchain industry can settle in a niche of trust and truth, and not simply unfulfilled aspirations, is if we are critical about originality of platforms’ intentions and the credibility that they entail. We need to learn about those who lead and to distinguish them from those who follow. Dubious platforms that copy unique features of others are not likely to succeed in an industry that is based on a trust protocol. However, it is responsibility of the crypto community to ensure that such projects will not stop other stunning ICOs and platforms with trustworthy ideas and original blockchain implementation — the pioneers that have contributed to the hype of bridging the gap. As for the emerging players, here is my advice to you. If you want to be successful in the blockchain industry: be daring and innovative, but above all, honest. Do not bridge the gap, rather break through a ceiling, or better, build your own path. After all, there are only so many gaps that you can bridge, after a while, you are simply stepping over a paddle. For example, , has been bridging the gap since March 2018, and now, we are bridging the last mile between the traditional finances and the future realities of the Blockchain. Let’s see how many more miles there are left to bridge. Ternion

How Many Gaps Are There Left to Bridge?

A recent report, Furthering Digital Assets 2024: Pioneering Insurance Solutions for the Web3 Era, highlights a substantial coverage gap in digital asset insurance, revealing that only 3% of digital assets are currently insured. This gap leaves billions at risk, with an estimated $19 billion in losses from fraud and security breaches since 2011. The report emphasizes significant incidents that illustrate the vulnerability in the sector. These include a $650 million breach at Ronin in March 2022 and a $614 million loss from PolyNetwork in August 2021. As investments in digital assets increase, so does the call for comprehensive risk management solutions, particularly from institutional stakeholders. With more than 90% of crypto hedge funds expressing a desire for mandatory insurance on exchange-based assets and around 40% of institutional investors now holding cryptocurrency, the demand for tailored insurance products is clear. Further Ventures, the report’s creator, points to a growing interest from institutions seeking ways to protect their digital assets through robust insurance policies. The report also sheds light on recent regulatory responses. The Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA), for example, has set mandates for digital asset custodians, requiring 50% insurance coverage on cold storage and 100% on hot wallets. Despite these initiatives, high premiums remain a challenge, with average rates around 0.5%-5% for custody insurance and 5-10% for slashing events and Directors & Officers (D&O) policies. According to the report, addressing the insurance gap in the digital assets industry will likely require innovation in policy structure, more accessible premium rates, and a regulatory environment that supports the development of effective, comprehensive solutions. As the sector evolves, insurance options may play a critical role in fostering institutional confidence and broader adoption of digital assets. This article is published under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging program. Do your own research before making any financial decisions. A recent report, Furthering Digital Assets 2024: Pioneering Insurance Solutions for the Web3 Era , highlights a substantial coverage gap in digital asset insurance, revealing that only 3% of digital assets are currently insured. This gap leaves billions at risk, with an estimated $19 billion in losses from fraud and security breaches since 2011. Furthering Digital Assets 2024: Pioneering Insurance Solutions for the Web3 Era Furthering Digital Assets 2024: Pioneering Insurance Solutions for the Web3 Era Furthering Digital Assets 2024: Pioneering Insurance Solutions for the Web3 Era The report emphasizes significant incidents that illustrate the vulnerability in the sector. These include a $650 million breach at Ronin in March 2022 and a $614 million loss from PolyNetwork in August 2021. As investments in digital assets increase, so does the call for comprehensive risk management solutions, particularly from institutional stakeholders. With more than 90% of crypto hedge funds expressing a desire for mandatory insurance on exchange-based assets and around 40% of institutional investors now holding cryptocurrency, the demand for tailored insurance products is clear. Further Ventures, the report’s creator, points to a growing interest from institutions seeking ways to protect their digital assets through robust insurance policies. The report also sheds light on recent regulatory responses. The Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA), for example, has set mandates for digital asset custodians, requiring 50% insurance coverage on cold storage and 100% on hot wallets. Despite these initiatives, high premiums remain a challenge, with average rates around 0.5%-5% for custody insurance and 5-10% for slashing events and Directors & Officers (D&O) policies. According to the report, addressing the insurance gap in the digital assets industry will likely require innovation in policy structure, more accessible premium rates, and a regulatory environment that supports the development of effective, comprehensive solutions. As the sector evolves, insurance options may play a critical role in fostering institutional confidence and broader adoption of digital assets. This article is published under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging program. Do your own research before making any financial decisions. This article is published under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging program. Do your own research before making any financial decisions. Business Blogging

Digital Asset Insurance Crisis: $19 Billion Coverage Gap Identified in New Report

Digitale bateversekeringskrisis: $19 miljard dekkinggaping geïdentifiseer in nuwe verslag

أزمة تأمين الأصول الرقمية: فجوة تغطية بقيمة 19 مليار دولار تم تحديدها في تقرير جديد

Crisis de Seguro de Activos Digitales: 19 waranqa waranqa waranqa dolaranakaw machaq yatiyäwinx uñt’ayasi

Rəqəmsal Aktiv Sığorta Böhranı: Yeni Hesabatda 19 Milyar Dollar Əhatə Boşluğu Müəyyən edilib

Κρίση ασφάλισης ψηφιακών περιουσιακών στοιχείων: Εντοπίστηκε κενό κάλυψης 19 δισεκατομμυρίων δολαρίων στη νέα έκθεση

Crisis de seguros de activos digitales: un nuevo informe identifica una brecha de cobertura de 19.000 millones de dólares

デジタル資産保険危機：新たな報告書で190億ドルの補償ギャップが判明

ციფრული აქტივების დაზღვევის კრიზისი: 19 მილიარდი დოლარის დაფარვის ხარვეზი გამოვლენილია ახალ ანგარიშში

Skaitmeninio turto draudimo krizė: naujoje ataskaitoje nustatytas 19 milijardų dolerių padengimo trūkumas

Дижитал хөрөнгийн даатгалын хямрал: Шинэ тайланд 19 тэрбум долларын нөхөн төлбөрийн зөрүүг тодорхойлсон

Kriza e sigurimit të aseteve dixhitale: Hendeku i mbulimit prej 19 miliardë dollarësh i identifikuar në raportin e ri

Digital Asset Insurance Kris: 19 miljarder USD täckningsgap identifieras i ny rapport

Authors:
(1) Yuwei Guo, The Chinese University of Hong Kong;
(2) Ceyuan Yang, Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory with Corresponding Author;
(3) Anyi Rao, Stanford University;
(4) Zhengyang Liang, Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory;
(5) Yaohui Wang, Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory;
(6) Yu Qiao, Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory;
(7) Maneesh Agrawala, Stanford University;
(8) Dahua Lin, Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory;
(9) Bo Dai, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and The Chinese University of Hong Kong. Table of Links Abstract and 1 Introduction 2 Work Related 3 Preliminary AnimateDiff 4.1 Alleviate Negative Effects from Training Data with Domain Adapter 4.2 Learn Motion Priors with Motion Module 4.3 Adapt to New Motion Patterns with MotionLora 4.4 AnimateDiff in Practice 5 Experiments and 5.1 Qualitative Results 5.2 Qualitative Comparison 5.3 Ablative Study 5.4 Controllable Generation 6 Conclusion 7 Ethics Statement 8 Reproducibility Statement, Acknowledgement and References 4.1 ALLEVIATE NEGATIVE EFFECTS FROM TRAINING DATA WITH DOMAIN ADAPTER Due to the difficulty in collection, the visual quality of publicly available video training datasets is much lower than their image counterparts. For example, the contents of the video dataset WebVid (Bain et al., 2021) are mostly real-world recordings, whereas the image dataset LAIONAesthetic (Schuhmann et al., 2022) contains higher-quality contents, including artistic paintings and professional photography. Moreover, when treated individually as images, each video frame can contain motion blur, compression artifacts, and watermarks. Therefore, there is a non-negligible quality domain gap between the high-quality image dataset used to train the base T2I and the target video dataset we use for learning the motion priors. We argue that such a gap can limit the quality of the animation generation pipeline when trained directly on the raw video data. To avoid learning this quality discrepancy as part of our motion module and preserve the knowledge of the base T2I, we propose to fit the domain information to a separate network, dubbed as domain adapter. We drop the domain adapter at inference time and show that this practice helps reduce the negative effects caused by the domain gap mentioned above. We implement the domain adapter layers with LoRA (Hu et al., 2021) and insert them into the self-/cross-attention layers in the base T2I, as shown in Fig. 3. Take query (Q) projection as an example. The internal feature z after projection becomes This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. Authors: (1) Yuwei Guo, The Chinese University of Hong Kong; (2) Ceyuan Yang, Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory with Corresponding Author; (3) Anyi Rao, Stanford University; (4) Zhengyang Liang, Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory; (5) Yaohui Wang, Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory; (6) Yu Qiao, Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory; (7) Maneesh Agrawala, Stanford University; (8) Dahua Lin, Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory; (9) Bo Dai, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and The Chinese University of Hong Kong. Authors: Authors: (1) Yuwei Guo, The Chinese University of Hong Kong; (2) Ceyuan Yang, Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory with Corresponding Author; (3) Anyi Rao, Stanford University; (4) Zhengyang Liang, Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory; (5) Yaohui Wang, Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory; (6) Yu Qiao, Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory; (7) Maneesh Agrawala, Stanford University; (8) Dahua Lin, Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory; (9) Bo Dai, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and The Chinese University of Hong Kong. Table of Links Abstract and 1 Introduction Abstract and 1 Introduction 2 Work Related 2 Work Related 3 Preliminary 3 Preliminary AnimateDiff AnimateDiff 4.1 Alleviate Negative Effects from Training Data with Domain Adapter 4.1 Alleviate Negative Effects from Training Data with Domain Adapter 4.2 Learn Motion Priors with Motion Module 4.2 Learn Motion Priors with Motion Module 4.3 Adapt to New Motion Patterns with MotionLora 4.3 Adapt to New Motion Patterns with MotionLora 4.4 AnimateDiff in Practice 4.4 AnimateDiff in Practice 5 Experiments and 5.1 Qualitative Results 5 Experiments and 5.1 Qualitative Results 5.2 Qualitative Comparison 5.2 Qualitative Comparison 5.3 Ablative Study 5.3 Ablative Study 5.4 Controllable Generation 5.4 Controllable Generation 6 Conclusion 6 Conclusion 7 Ethics Statement 7 Ethics Statement 8 Reproducibility Statement, Acknowledgement and References 8 Reproducibility Statement, Acknowledgement and References 4.1 ALLEVIATE NEGATIVE EFFECTS FROM TRAINING DATA WITH DOMAIN ADAPTER Due to the difficulty in collection, the visual quality of publicly available video training datasets is much lower than their image counterparts. For example, the contents of the video dataset WebVid (Bain et al., 2021) are mostly real-world recordings, whereas the image dataset LAIONAesthetic (Schuhmann et al., 2022) contains higher-quality contents, including artistic paintings and professional photography. Moreover, when treated individually as images, each video frame can contain motion blur, compression artifacts, and watermarks. Therefore, there is a non-negligible quality domain gap between the high-quality image dataset used to train the base T2I and the target video dataset we use for learning the motion priors. We argue that such a gap can limit the quality of the animation generation pipeline when trained directly on the raw video data. To avoid learning this quality discrepancy as part of our motion module and preserve the knowledge of the base T2I, we propose to fit the domain information to a separate network, dubbed as domain adapter. We drop the domain adapter at inference time and show that this practice helps reduce the negative effects caused by the domain gap mentioned above. We implement the domain adapter layers with LoRA (Hu et al., 2021) and insert them into the self-/cross-attention layers in the base T2I, as shown in Fig. 3. Take query (Q) projection as an example. The internal feature z after projection becomes This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. available on arxiv

Bridging Domain Gaps with a Domain Adapter for Higher-Quality Animation

Beyond Text Embeddings: Addressing the Gaps in RAG Applications for Structured Data Queries

Акрамя тэкставых убудоўванняў: ухіленне прабелаў у праграмах RAG для запытаў структураваных даных

Über Texteinbettungen hinaus: Behebung der Lücken in RAG-Anwendungen für strukturierte Datenabfragen

Más allá de las incrustaciones de texto: cómo abordar las deficiencias en las aplicaciones RAG para consultas de datos estructurados

Izvan ugrađivanja teksta: rješavanje nedostataka u RAG aplikacijama za upite strukturiranih podataka

Melampaui Penyematan Teks: Mengatasi Kesenjangan dalam Aplikasi RAG untuk Kueri Data Terstruktur

テキスト埋め込みを超えて: 構造化データクエリの RAG アプリケーションのギャップに対処する

Verder dan tekst-embeddings: de hiaten in RAG-toepassingen voor gestructureerde dataquery's aanpakken

Texto Embeddings nisqamanta aswan karun: RAG Yanapakuykunapi Estructurado Willay Tapuykunapaq Ch'usaq kaqkunata allichay

Përtej përfshirjeve të tekstit: Adresimi i boshllëqeve në aplikacionet RAG për pyetjet e strukturuara të të dhënave

Ғайр аз ҷойгиркунии матн: Бартараф кардани камбудиҳо дар барномаҳои RAG барои дархостҳои сохтории додаҳо

ኪኖ ጽሑፍ ምትእትታው፡ ኣብ ኣፕሊኬሽናት ራግ ንዝተዋደደ ሕቶታት ዳታ ንዘሎ ክፍተታት ምፍታሕ

Vượt ra ngoài nhúng văn bản: Giải quyết các khoảng trống trong ứng dụng RAG cho truy vấn dữ liệu có cấu trúc

SILVER SPRING, Maryland, September 19th, 2024/CyberNewsWire/--Aembit, the non-human identity and access management (IAM) company, today released its 2024 Non-Human Identity Security Report, a definitive survey highlighting how organizations currently manage and protect non-human identities (NHIs) – such as applications, scripts, and service accounts. The report reveals a stunning, widespread reliance on outdated methods and manual practices that fail to provide adequate protection against the reality of increased NHI-focused breaches. As non-human identities (NHIs) rapidly proliferate in modern IT environments, driven by the shift from monolithic to distributed architectures, widespread cloud adoption, and increasing automation, the report reveals a chasm between non-human and user identity security practices, with most organizations acknowledging their efforts to secure non-human identities are either lagging or struggling to keep pace. The survey of IT and security professionals also shows that careless habits, such as storing long-term credentials directly in code, relying on spreadsheets for manual input, and sharing sensitive information via collaboration tools, are still prevalent. Additionally, many organizations face difficulty in securing NHIs in complex, multi-cloud environments, with concerns about inconsistent access management and unclear ownership of security processes. Key findings of the survey include: IAM Maturity Gap: 88.5% of organizations admitted that their non-human IAM practices lag behind or are on par with their user IAM efforts.
Low Confidence: Only 19.6% of respondents expressed strong confidence in their non-human IAM practices.
Insecure Practices: 30.9% of respondents store long-term credentials in code and 23.7% share secrets through copying and pasting, such as via email or messaging apps.
Outmoded Methods: 38.9% of respondents still use less-secure methods like secrets managers for non-human workload-to-workload authentication.
Cloud Complexity: 35.6% of organizations struggle to manage non-human identity security across hybrid and multi-cloud environments.
Blind Spots: 23.5% of organizations are not sure of the biggest threat to their non-human identities. “Organizations are starting to recognize that non-human identities are more than just background tools. As businesses rapidly automate, NHIs play a critical role in digital ecosystems and often handle sensitive data,” said David Goldschlag, co-founder and CEO of Aembit. “But, as our survey shows, NHI security remains very much a work in progress. While awareness is growing, most organizations still have significant shortfalls in how they secure these identities and the vital connections between them. It’s time to elevate non-human IAM to the same level of importance as user IAM.” The survey, which included responses from 110 professionals, from developers to identity architects to CISOs, also revealed a growing need for more holistic approaches to managing non-human identities. As businesses expand across cloud environments, managing workload identities has become increasingly complex, with many organizations struggling to keep up due to piecemeal or legacy approaches. Those interested can read the full survey by downloading it here. About Aembit Aembit is the non-human identity and access management platform that secures access between workloads across clouds, SaaS, and data centers. With Aembit’s identity control plane, DevSecOps can fully automate secretless, policy-based, and Zero Trust workload access with MFA-strength capabilities. For more information, users can visit https://aembit.io/ and follow Aembit on LinkedIn. Contact CMO Apurva Davé Aembit info@aembit.io This story was distributed as a release by Cybernewswire under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here SILVER SPRING, Maryland, September 19th, 2024/CyberNewsWire/--Aembit, the non-human identity and access management (IAM) company, today released its 2024 Non-Human Identity Security Report, a definitive survey highlighting how organizations currently manage and protect non-human identities (NHIs) – such as applications, scripts, and service accounts. The report reveals a stunning, widespread reliance on outdated methods and manual practices that fail to provide adequate protection against the reality of increased NHI-focused breaches. increased NHI-focused breaches. increased NHI-focused breaches. As non-human identities (NHIs) rapidly proliferate in modern IT environments, driven by the shift from monolithic to distributed architectures, widespread cloud adoption, and increasing automation, the report reveals a chasm between non-human and user identity security practices, with most organizations acknowledging their efforts to secure non-human identities are either lagging or struggling to keep pace. The survey of IT and security professionals also shows that careless habits, such as storing long-term credentials directly in code, relying on spreadsheets for manual input, and sharing sensitive information via collaboration tools, are still prevalent. Additionally, many organizations face difficulty in securing NHIs in complex, multi-cloud environments, with concerns about inconsistent access management and unclear ownership of security processes. Key findings of the survey include: IAM Maturity Gap: 88.5% of organizations admitted that their non-human IAM practices lag behind or are on par with their user IAM efforts. Low Confidence: Only 19.6% of respondents expressed strong confidence in their non-human IAM practices. Insecure Practices: 30.9% of respondents store long-term credentials in code and 23.7% share secrets through copying and pasting, such as via email or messaging apps. Outmoded Methods: 38.9% of respondents still use less-secure methods like secrets managers for non-human workload-to-workload authentication. Cloud Complexity: 35.6% of organizations struggle to manage non-human identity security across hybrid and multi-cloud environments. Blind Spots: 23.5% of organizations are not sure of the biggest threat to their non-human identities. IAM Maturity Gap: 88.5% of organizations admitted that their non-human IAM practices lag behind or are on par with their user IAM efforts. Low Confidence: Only 19.6% of respondents expressed strong confidence in their non-human IAM practices. Insecure Practices: 30.9% of respondents store long-term credentials in code and 23.7% share secrets through copying and pasting, such as via email or messaging apps. Outmoded Methods: 38.9% of respondents still use less-secure methods like secrets managers for non-human workload-to-workload authentication. Cloud Complexity: 35.6% of organizations struggle to manage non-human identity security across hybrid and multi-cloud environments. Blind Spots: 23.5% of organizations are not sure of the biggest threat to their non-human identities. “Organizations are starting to recognize that non-human identities are more than just background tools. As businesses rapidly automate, NHIs play a critical role in digital ecosystems and often handle sensitive data,” said David Goldschlag, co-founder and CEO of Aembit. “Organizations are starting to recognize that non-human identities are more than just background tools. As businesses rapidly automate, NHIs play a critical role in digital ecosystems and often handle sensitive data,” said David Goldschlag, co-founder and CEO of Aembit. “But, as our survey shows, NHI security remains very much a work in progress. While awareness is growing, most organizations still have significant shortfalls in how they secure these identities and the vital connections between them. It’s time to elevate non-human IAM to the same level of importance as user IAM.” “But, as our survey shows, NHI security remains very much a work in progress. While awareness is growing, most organizations still have significant shortfalls in how they secure these identities and the vital connections between them. It’s time to elevate non-human IAM to the same level of importance as user IAM.” The survey, which included responses from 110 professionals, from developers to identity architects to CISOs, also revealed a growing need for more holistic approaches to managing non-human identities. As businesses expand across cloud environments, managing workload identities has become increasingly complex, with many organizations struggling to keep up due to piecemeal or legacy approaches. Those interested can read the full survey by downloading it here . downloading it here downloading it here About Aembit Aembit is the non-human identity and access management platform that secures access between workloads across clouds, SaaS, and data centers. With Aembit’s identity control plane, DevSecOps can fully automate secretless, policy-based, and Zero Trust workload access with MFA-strength capabilities. For more information, users can visit https://aembit.io/ and follow Aembit on LinkedIn . Aembit Aembit https://aembit.io/ https://aembit.io/ follow Aembit on LinkedIn follow Aembit on LinkedIn Contact CMO Apurva Davé Aembit info@aembit.io This story was distributed as a release by Cybernewswire under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here This story was distributed as a release by Cybernewswire under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here here

Aembit Unveils 2024 Survey Report Highlighting Major Gaps In Securing Non-Human Identities

Aembit onthul 2024-opnameverslag wat groot leemtes in die beveiliging van nie-menslike identiteite beklemtoon

Aembit ukax 2024 maran yatxatäw yatiyäw uñacht’ayi, ukax jach’a ch’amanchawinak uñacht’ayi, jan jaqinakan identidad ukanakar jark’aqañataki

Aembit odhaluje zprávu o průzkumu z roku 2024, která zdůrazňuje hlavní mezery v zabezpečení nelidských identit

Aembit afslører 2024-undersøgelsesrapport, der fremhæver store huller i sikringen af ikke-menneskelige identiteter

Aembit presenta el informe de la encuesta de 2024 que destaca las principales deficiencias en la protección de las identidades no humanas

Aembit presenta o informe da enquisa de 2024 que destaca as principais lagoas na garantía de identidades non humanas

Aembit、非人間IDのセキュリティ確保における大きなギャップを浮き彫りにした2024年調査レポートを発表

Aembit dia manambara ny tatitra fanadihadiana 2024 izay manasongadina ny banga lehibe amin'ny fiarovana ny maha-olona tsy maha-olombelona

Aembit 2024 watapi tapukuymanta willakuyta riqsichin, chaypim qawachin hatun mana allin kaqkunata mana Runa kaqkunata waqaychaypi

Aembit Inofumura 2024 Survey Report Inosimbisa Mapundu Makuru Mukuchengetedza Zvisizvo Zvevanhu

Aembit, İnsan Olmayan Kimliklerin Güvenliğini Sağlamadaki Büyük Boşlukları Vurgulayan 2024 Anket Raporunu Açıkladı

Aembit оприлюднила звіт про опитування за 2024 рік, у якому висвітлюються основні прогалини в захисті нелюдських ідентичностей

CARY, North Carolina, September 10th, 2024/CyberNewsWire/--As cyber threats grow, small to medium-sized businesses (SMBs) are disproportionately targeted. According to the recent Hiscox annual cyber readiness report, 41% of SMBs in the US fell victim to a cyberattack in 2023, a figure that has nearly doubled since 2021. INE Security, a global leader in cybersecurity training and certifications, recognizes this as a critical issue and is leading an initiative for change by working with SMBs to bridge the IT/IS skills gap and bolster proactive cybersecurity measures. “The skills shortage remains a significant challenge for small and mid-sized businesses, as many do not feel they have the resources to invest in cybersecurity,” said Dara Warn, the CEO of INE Security. “We know that cybersecurity training is no longer optional for businesses – it is essential. Our mission is to provide accessible, effective, and affordable training to these businesses so they can close the gap, ultimately enhancing their defensive capabilities.” A Corvus study found 47% of businesses with fewer than 50 employees have no cybersecurity budget at all, even as a majority call cybersecurity a “top concern.” As SMBs consider implementing or enhancing a cybersecurity strategy, INE Security is highlighting the keys to successful rollout, including: Choosing the Right Training Provider:
When selecting a training provider, SMBs should look for expertise in cutting-edge technologies and strategies, including real-world, hands-on cyber ranges. Providers should offer courses that are current, utilize the newest technologies, and include the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Crafting a Proactive Cybersecurity Strategy:
Incorporating AI and machine learning technical skills into cybersecurity strategies allows SMBs to predict threats and automate responses, which is essential for maintaining resilience against attacks. IT/IS training should therefore include modules on configuring and maintaining these advanced systems to ensure that small businesses are not only reactive but also proactive in their cybersecurity efforts. Empowering Employees Through Continuous Learning:
Continuous education and training are pivotal in keeping up with evolving cyber threats. Regular updates and refresher courses ensure that employees stay sharp and aware of the latest tactics employed by cybercriminals. By investing in comprehensive IT/IS training and fostering a proactive cybersecurity culture, SMBs can not only protect themselves from cyber threats but also gain a competitive edge in their respective industries. Users are invited to partner with INE Security to transform their cybersecurity practices and ensure a safer future for their business. About INE Security: INE Security is the premier provider of online networking and cybersecurity training and certification. Harnessing a powerful hands-on lab platform, cutting-edge technology, a global video distribution network, and world-class instructors, INE Security is the top training choice for Fortune 500 companies worldwide for cybersecurity training in business and for IT professionals looking to advance their careers. INE Security’s suite of learning paths offers an incomparable depth of expertise across cybersecurity and is committed to delivering advanced technical training while also lowering the barriers worldwide for those looking to enter and excel in an IT career. Contact Director of Global Strategic Communications and Events Kathryn Brown INE Security kbrown@ine.com This story was distributed as a release by Cyberwire under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here. CARY, North Carolina, September 10th, 2024/CyberNewsWire/--As cyber threats grow, small to medium-sized businesses (SMBs) are disproportionately targeted. According to the recent Hiscox annual cyber readiness report, 41% of SMBs in the US fell victim to a cyberattack in 2023, a figure that has nearly doubled since 2021. Hiscox annual INE Security, a global leader in cybersecurity training and certifications, recognizes this as a critical issue and is leading an initiative for change by working with SMBs to bridge the IT/IS skills gap and bolster proactive cybersecurity measures. “The skills shortage remains a significant challenge for small and mid-sized businesses, as many do not feel they have the resources to invest in cybersecurity,” said Dara Warn, the CEO of INE Security. “We know that cybersecurity training is no longer optional for businesses – it is essential. Our mission is to provide accessible, effective, and affordable training to these businesses so they can close the gap, ultimately enhancing their defensive capabilities.” “The skills shortage remains a significant challenge for small and mid-sized businesses, as many do not feel they have the resources to invest in cybersecurity,” said Dara Warn, the CEO of INE Security. “We know that cybersecurity training is no longer optional for businesses – it is essential. Our mission is to provide accessible, effective, and affordable training to these businesses so they can close the gap, ultimately enhancing their defensive capabilities.” A Corvus study found 47% of businesses with fewer than 50 employees have no cybersecurity budget at all, even as a majority call cybersecurity a “top concern.” As SMBs consider implementing or enhancing a cybersecurity strategy, INE Security is highlighting the keys to successful rollout, including: Corvus “top concern.” Choosing the Right Training Provider:
When selecting a training provider, SMBs should look for expertise in cutting-edge technologies and strategies, including real-world, hands-on cyber ranges. Providers should offer courses that are current, utilize the newest technologies, and include the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Choosing the Right Training Provider: When selecting a training provider, SMBs should look for expertise in cutting-edge technologies and strategies, including real-world, hands-on cyber ranges. Providers should offer courses that are current, utilize the newest technologies, and include the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Choosing the Right Training Provider: Choosing the Right Training Provider: When selecting a training provider, SMBs should look for expertise in cutting-edge technologies and strategies, including re al-world, hands-on cyber ranges. Providers should offer courses that are current, utilize the newest technologies, and include the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI). al-world, hands-on cyber ranges. Artificial Intelligence (AI). Crafting a Proactive Cybersecurity Strategy:
Incorporating AI and machine learning technical skills into cybersecurity strategies allows SMBs to predict threats and automate responses, which is essential for maintaining resilience against attacks. IT/IS training should therefore include modules on configuring and maintaining these advanced systems to ensure that small businesses are not only reactive but also proactive in their cybersecurity efforts. Crafting a Proactive Cybersecurity Strategy: Incorporating AI and machine learning technical skills into cybersecurity strategies allows SMBs to predict threats and automate responses, which is essential for maintaining resilience against attacks. IT/IS training should therefore include modules on configuring and maintaining these advanced systems to ensure that small businesses are not only reactive but also proactive in their cybersecurity efforts. Crafting a Proactive Cybersecurity Strategy: Crafting a Proactive Cybersecurity Strategy: Incorporating AI and machine learning technical skills into cybersecurity strategies allows SMBs to predict threats and automate responses, which is essential for maintaining resilience against attacks. IT/IS training should therefore include modules on configuring and maintaining these advanced systems to ensure that small businesses are not only reactive but also proactive in their cybersecurity efforts. modules on configuring and maintaining these advanced systems Empowering Employees Through Continuous Learning:
Continuous education and training are pivotal in keeping up with evolving cyber threats. Regular updates and refresher courses ensure that employees stay sharp and aware of the latest tactics employed by cybercriminals. Empowering Employees Through Continuous Learning: Continuous education and training are pivotal in keeping up with evolving cyber threats. Regular updates and refresher courses ensure that employees stay sharp and aware of the latest tactics employed by cybercriminals. Empowering Employees Through Continuous Learning: Empowering Employees Through Continuous Learning: Continuous education and trainin g are pivotal in keeping up with evolving cyber threats. Regular updates and refresher courses ensure that employees stay sharp and aware of the latest tactics employed by cybercriminals. Continuous education and trainin By investing in comprehensive IT/IS training and fostering a proactive cybersecurity culture, SMBs can not only protect themselves from cyber threats but also gain a competitive edge in their respective industries. Users are invited to partner with INE Security to transform their cybersecurity practices and ensure a safer future for their business. About INE Security: INE Security is the premier provider of online networking and cybersecurity training and certification. Harnessing a powerful hands-on lab platform, cutting-edge technology, a global video distribution network, and world-class instructors, INE Security is the top training choice for Fortune 500 companies worldwide for cybersecurity training in business and for IT professionals looking to advance their careers. INE Security’s suite of learning paths offers an incomparable depth of expertise across cybersecurity and is committed to delivering advanced technical training while also lowering the barriers worldwide for those looking to enter and excel in an IT career. Contact Director of Global Strategic Communications and Events Kathryn Brown INE Security kbrown@ine.com This story was distributed as a release by Cyberwire under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here. This story was distributed as a release by Cyberwire under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here . here

Small Business, Big Threats: INE Security To Train SMBs, Close a Critical Skills Gap

Kiçik Biznes, Böyük Təhdidlər: KOBİ-ləri öyrətmək üçün INE Təhlükəsizliyi, Kritik Bacarıqlar Boşluğunu aradan qaldırmaq

Pequeñas empresas, grandes amenazas: INE Security capacitará a las PYMES y cerrará una brecha crítica de habilidades

Ti Biznis, Gwo Menas: Sekirite INE Pou Fòme SMB yo, Fèmen yon Gap Konpetans Kritik

Փոքր բիզնես, մեծ սպառնալիքներ. INE Security՝ ՓՄՁ-ներին վերապատրաստելու, կարևոր հմտությունների բացը փակելու համար

中小企業、大きな脅威：INE Security が中小企業をトレーニングし、重要なスキルギャップを埋める

중소기업, 큰 위협: INE Security, SMB 교육, 중요한 기술 격차 해소

साना व्यवसाय, ठूला धम्कीहरू: SMB लाई तालिम दिन INE सुरक्षा, एक महत्वपूर्ण कौशल ग्याप बन्द गर्नुहोस्

Huch'uy Negociokuna, Hatun Amenazakuna: INE Seguridad SMBs yachachinapaq, Huk Crítico Habilidades Brechata Wichqanapaq

ธุรกิจขนาดเล็ก ภัยคุกคามใหญ่: INE Security ฝึกอบรม SMB และปิดช่องว่างทักษะที่สำคัญ

Mabindzu Lamatsongo, Minxungeto Leyikulu: Vuhlayiseki Bya INE Ku Letela Ti-SMB, Pfala Xivandla Xa Vuswikoti Xa Nkoka

Малий бізнес, великі загрози: INE Security для навчання малих і середніх підприємств, усунення критичних прогалин у навичках

IShishini eliNcinci, Izoyikiso ezinkulu: Ukhuseleko lwe-INE lokuqeqesha ii-SMB, Vala iGap yeZakhono eziBalulekileyo

Authors:
(1) Antonio Riotto, Département de Physique Theorique, Universite de Geneve, 24 quai Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneve 4, Switzerland and Gravitational Wave Science Center (GWSC), Universite de Geneve, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
(2) Joe Silk, Institut d’Astrophysique, UMR 7095 CNRS, Sorbonne Universite, 98bis Bd Arago, 75014 Paris, France, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD 21218, USA, and Beecroft Institute of Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK. Table of Links Abstract and 1 Introduction 2 Some open questions 2.1 What is the abundance of PBHs? 2.2 What is the effect of PBH clustering? 2.3 What fraction of the currently observed GW events can be ascribed to PBHs? 2.4 Are PBHs the Dark Matter? 3 The PBH Roadmap 3.1 High redshift mergers 3.2 Sub-solar PBHs 3.3 Plugging the pair instability gap with PBH? 3.4 PBH eccentricity, 3.5 PBH spin and 3.6 Future gamma-ray telescopes 4 Conclusions and References 3.3 Plugging the pair instability gap with PBH? An equally powerful mass challenge for PBH arises from the pair instability gap. This is generated by the catastrophic core collapse of massive stars that results from pair-instability SNe, and predicts a deficit of astrophysical BH between ∼ 50 M⊙ and ∼ 120 M⊙. The full LIGO-Virgo O3 data set reveals a definitive decline in merger rates above ∼ 40 M⊙ [55] but with several candidates filling this gap at high credibility [56]. Could PBH populate the pair instability gap? A smoking gun signature would be a feature in the BH mass spectrum, most likely indicative of a new formation mechanism. 3.4 PBH eccentricity Even though PBH binaries are formed with large eccentricity at high redshift, they have enough time to circularize before the GW signal can enter the observation band of current and future detectors. This implies that an observation of a non-zero eccentricity e would rule out the interpretation as a primordial binary formed in the early Universe, while it may still be compatible with a PBH binary formed in the late-time universe [57, 58]. 3.5 PBH spin The PBHs form in the early universe through the standard scenario of the collapse of large overdensities inherit a characteristic mass-spin correlations induced by accretion effects [7]. Using this criterion for determining the possible primordial nature of individual GW events would require reducing uncertainties on the accretion model and studied at the population level [59]. Fig. 3 presents a flowchart from Ref. [47] one might follow to assess the primordial nature of a binary merger based on measurements of the redshift z, eccentricity e, tidal deformability Λ, component masses m, and dimensionless spins χ. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. Authors: (1) Antonio Riotto, Département de Physique Theorique, Universite de Geneve, 24 quai Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneve 4, Switzerland and Gravitational Wave Science Center (GWSC), Universite de Geneve, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (2) Joe Silk, Institut d’Astrophysique, UMR 7095 CNRS, Sorbonne Universite, 98bis Bd Arago, 75014 Paris, France, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD 21218, USA, and Beecroft Institute of Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK. Authors: Authors: (1) Antonio Riotto, Département de Physique Theorique, Universite de Geneve, 24 quai Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneve 4, Switzerland and Gravitational Wave Science Center (GWSC), Universite de Geneve, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (2) Joe Silk, Institut d’Astrophysique, UMR 7095 CNRS, Sorbonne Universite, 98bis Bd Arago, 75014 Paris, France, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD 21218, USA, and Beecroft Institute of Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK. Table of Links Abstract and 1 Introduction Abstract and 1 Introduction 2 Some open questions 2 Some open questions 2.1 What is the abundance of PBHs? 2.1 What is the abundance of PBHs? 2.2 What is the effect of PBH clustering? 2.2 What is the effect of PBH clustering? 2.3 What fraction of the currently observed GW events can be ascribed to PBHs? 2.3 What fraction of the currently observed GW events can be ascribed to PBHs? 2.4 Are PBHs the Dark Matter? 2.4 Are PBHs the Dark Matter? 3 The PBH Roadmap 3 The PBH Roadmap 3.1 High redshift mergers 3.1 High redshift mergers 3.2 Sub-solar PBHs 3.2 Sub-solar PBHs 3.3 Plugging the pair instability gap with PBH? 3.3 Plugging the pair instability gap with PBH? 3.4 PBH eccentricity, 3.5 PBH spin and 3.6 Future gamma-ray telescopes 3.4 PBH eccentricity, 3.5 PBH spin and 3.6 Future gamma-ray telescopes 4 Conclusions and References 4 Conclusions and References 3.3 Plugging the pair instability gap with PBH? An equally powerful mass challenge for PBH arises from the pair instability gap. This is generated by the catastrophic core collapse of massive stars that results from pair-instability SNe, and predicts a deficit of astrophysical BH between ∼ 50 M⊙ and ∼ 120 M⊙. The full LIGO-Virgo O3 data set reveals a definitive decline in merger rates above ∼ 40 M⊙ [55] but with several candidates filling this gap at high credibility [56]. Could PBH populate the pair instability gap? A smoking gun signature would be a feature in the BH mass spectrum, most likely indicative of a new formation mechanism. 3.4 PBH eccentricity Even though PBH binaries are formed with large eccentricity at high redshift, they have enough time to circularize before the GW signal can enter the observation band of current and future detectors. This implies that an observation of a non-zero eccentricity e would rule out the interpretation as a primordial binary formed in the early Universe, while it may still be compatible with a PBH binary formed in the late-time universe [57, 58]. 3.5 PBH spin The PBHs form in the early universe through the standard scenario of the collapse of large overdensities inherit a characteristic mass-spin correlations induced by accretion effects [7]. Using this criterion for determining the possible primordial nature of individual GW events would require reducing uncertainties on the accretion model and studied at the population level [59]. Fig. 3 presents a flowchart from Ref. [47] one might follow to assess the primordial nature of a binary merger based on measurements of the redshift z, eccentricity e, tidal deformability Λ, component masses m, and dimensionless spins χ. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. available on arxiv

Cab the Pair Instability Gap Be Plugged With Primordial Black Holes?

Theoretical Physics: Gaps in Reality, Existence,  Panpsychism, and Biology

AI doomerism is a religion, both millenarianism and apocalypticism, to fill the god-sized gap in AI researchers. Many experts in the field believe it, but it doesn't make it true. A gnostic scientist can make astonishing scientific discoveries without ever proving their God real. It gives them a messiah complex. Only they can save the world from impending doom. It places them at the center of the universe and provides a holy sense of purpose, a main quest where the fate of humanity hangs in the balance. It has its holy scriptures, LessWrong, Orthogonality thesis, Super-intelligence. It has its prophets, Eliezer Yudkowsky, Nick Bostrom. Anyone who questions its dogma or narratives or asks for concrete examples or empirical evidence - is cast as a heretic, evil, or stupid for ignoring the existential threat of AGI or x-risk. "You're not engaging in object-level arguments," they parrot to dismiss any valid criticism, then refer you to their bible - a LessWrong post. Another gap it fills is the explainability crisis of deep learning. Neural networks are an inscrutable series of matrix multiplications on floating points. We will never fully understand them, so we can't trust them. Out of uncertainty and rising speculation, God filled the gaps in our knowledge in the past, e.g., epilepsy was a sacred disease. Now, apocalypticism sci-fi fills the gap of explainability in deep learning. Apocalypse of the Gaps! We don't understand the full workings of the human brain; it remains a mystery, yet we have developed systems of governance and technology to trust other humans with our money, health, taxes, laws, data, and sensitive information. We allow humans to wield nuclear warheads, biological weapons, drones, and armies. Yet, an intelligent AGI, with less agency than we allow our government, less agency than a fruit fly (as it is not embodied, can't replicate, and relies on external power), could end the world. We trust humans with WMDs over a sandboxed AGI without them. There exist incredibly intelligent individuals who do not immediately pose an existential threat to humanity. There exist incredibly unintelligent individuals who pose a greater threat, e.g., Kim Jong Un in North Korea—a real-world, concrete, credible existential threat to humanity. Intelligence ≠ Agency Yet, lead AI Safety advocates suggest pre-emptive nuclear strikes on Russia to prevent them from building AGI for a theoretical x-risk. Risking imminent mutually assured destruction, the end of civilization, for some hypothetical future doomsday. "America, Russia and half of Europe are now a desert of nuclear glass, but at least Skynet never came to be", the AI doomer pats himself on the back, after another hard day's work of unabashed speculation and prophesizing. Drone strikes on data centers, pre-emptive nuclear strikes, compute governance. All authoritarian movements have ushered in their totalitarian control under the guise of public safety. This is no different. AI doomerism is a religion, both millenarianism and apocalypticism, to fill the god-sized gap in AI researchers. Many experts in the field believe it, but it doesn't make it true. A gnostic scientist can make astonishing scientific discoveries without ever proving their God real. It gives them a messiah complex. Only they can save the world from impending doom. It places them at the center of the universe and provides a holy sense of purpose, a main quest where the fate of humanity hangs in the balance. It has its holy scriptures, LessWrong, Orthogonality thesis, Super-intelligence. It has its prophets, Eliezer Yudkowsky, Nick Bostrom. Anyone who questions its dogma or narratives or asks for concrete examples or empirical evidence - is cast as a heretic, evil, or stupid for ignoring the existential threat of AGI or x-risk. "You're not engaging in object-level arguments," they parrot to dismiss any valid criticism, then refer you to their bible - a LessWrong post. Another gap it fills is the explainability crisis of deep learning. Neural networks are an inscrutable series of matrix multiplications on floating points. We will never fully understand them, so we can't trust them. Out of uncertainty and rising speculation, God filled the gaps in our knowledge in the past, e.g., epilepsy was a sacred disease. Now, apocalypticism sci-fi fills the gap of explainability in deep learning. Apocalypse of the Gaps! We don't understand the full workings of the human brain; it remains a mystery, yet we have developed systems of governance and technology to trust other humans with our money, health, taxes, laws, data, and sensitive information. We allow humans to wield nuclear warheads, biological weapons, drones, and armies. Yet, an intelligent AGI, with less agency than we allow our government, less agency than a fruit fly (as it is not embodied, can't replicate, and relies on external power), could end the world. We trust humans with WMDs over a sandboxed AGI without them. There exist incredibly intelligent individuals who do not immediately pose an existential threat to humanity. There exist incredibly unintelligent individuals who pose a greater threat, e.g., Kim Jong Un in North Korea—a real-world, concrete, credible existential threat to humanity. Intelligence ≠ Agency Yet, lead AI Safety advocates suggest pre-emptive nuclear strikes on Russia to prevent them from building AGI for a theoretical x-risk. Risking imminent mutually assured destruction, the end of civilization, for some hypothetical future doomsday. "America, Russia and half of Europe are now a desert of nuclear glass, but at least Skynet never came to be", the AI doomer pats himself on the back, after another hard day's work of unabashed speculation and prophesizing. Drone strikes on data centers, pre-emptive nuclear strikes, compute governance. All authoritarian movements have ushered in their totalitarian control under the guise of public safety. This is no different.

Apocalypse of the Gaps

Authors:
(1) Matthew Sprintson
(2) Edward Oughton Table of Links Abstract and Introduction 2. Literature Review 2.1 Reviewing Broadband Infrastructure’s Impact on the Economy 2.2 Previous Research into IO Modeling of Broadband Investment 2.3 Context of the Bipartisan Infrastructure Act through Previous Research 3. Methods and 3.1 Leontief Input-Output (IO) Modeling 3.2 Ghosh Supply-Side Assessment Methods for Infrastructure 3.3 Data and Application 4. Results and 4.1 To what extent does the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law allocate funding to unconnected communities in need? 4.2 What are the GDP impacts of the three funding programs within the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law? 4.3 How are the supply chain linkages affected by allocations from the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law? 5. Discussion 5.1 To what extent does the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law allocate funding to unconnected communities in need? 5.2 What are the GDP impacts of the three funding programs within the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law? 5.3 How are supply chain linkages affected by allocations from the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law?" Conclusion Acknowledgements and References 2.3 Context of the Bipartisan Infrastructure Act through Previous Research Policy choices can help maneuver broadband networks to achieve more positive outcomes (Oughton et al., 2023; Oughton, 2023), but efforts to close broadband gaps have not yet managed to do so (King & Gonzales, 2023). Currently, only 77% of people in the United States subscribe to a broadband connection (Pew Research Center, 2021). Many unconnected Americans lack access because of connection prices, insufficient technology, scarce information, and inadequate government policies (Bauer, 2023; Oughton et al., 2022; Rosston & Wallsten, 2020). A significant divide exists between urbanization and income levels in US households (Rothschild, 2019). For example, with 82% of urban households having a fixed broadband connection, only about 70% of rural areas have the same connection available (Li et al., 2023; United States Census Bureau, 2021). Most Native Americans living in tribal areas do not have access to the same broadband infrastructure that other communities have. There are numerous reasons - progress is hampered by a lack of trust, social structure, limited resources, and insufficient education (Korostelina & Barrett, 2023). Government investment could lead to increases in broadband connectivity, but substantial disparities still prevail (Andres et al., 2024; Healy et al., 2022). For example, 55.6% of Native American tracts have seen an expansion in broadband providers between 2004 and 2014, with 27.7% of Native American tracts now having an above-average number of providers (Mack et al., 2022). However, the percentage of Native households with Internet access is still 21% lower than in the surrounding areas (Bauer et al., 2022). For the US government to ensure everyone can participate in a modern online economy, there needs to be more infrastructure built to support tribal broadband and investment in education and awareness (Duarte et al., 2021; Hudson et al., 2021; Mack et al., 2023). As found in previous studies, Figure 1 emphasizes empirically the association between broadband inequality and income level (Deng et al., 2023; Houngbonon & Liang, 2020; Wolfson et al., 2017). This problem is exacerbated as broadband adoption has been found to increase wages and hiring in a community (Poliquin, 2021; Yin & Choi, 2023). Thus, communities with reliable broadband connectivity often have higher earnings and more opportunities, aggravating the inequality shown in the figure (Consoli et al., 2023; Mathews & Ali, 2023). Figure 1 (A) shows that, on average, communities with a mean income of less than $20,000 have poorer access to broadband than wealthier communities. This can constrain economic opportunities in poorer areas, meaning citizens in these areas are disadvantaged in seeking new employment options and adapting to changing labor markets. Figure 1 (B) shows us that the disparities in connectivity, separated by income, are present when we compare regions with larger broadband allocations. 69.3% of those making under US $20k in states receiving over US $1,350 have access, whereas 75.1% have access in states receiving less than US $50k. Finally, 20.9% of Tribal lands still lack access to reliable broadband (Hutto & Wheeler, 2023). The adverse effects of the lack of reliable broadband were shown throughout the COVID-19 pandemic when many tribal communities were restricted from accessing schools and working opportunities because they did not have a reliable connection to broadband infrastructure (Kroll, 2023; Le-Morawa et al., 2023; Levin et al., 2023). Broadband connectivity can be efficiently implemented through inter-tribal communication throughout the community and community-specific broadband dissemination (Gellman et al., 2021). The Tribal Connectivity Program’s awards aim to support the deployment of required broadband infrastructure by working in tandem with affected communities (Tribal Broadband Connectivity Program, 2023). Now that a thorough literature review has been undertaken, the methods for analysis will be presented. This paper is available on arxiv under CC0 1.0 DEED license. Authors: (1) Matthew Sprintson (2) Edward Oughton Authors: Authors: (1) Matthew Sprintson (2) Edward Oughton Table of Links Abstract and Introduction Abstract and Introduction 2. Literature Review 2.1 Reviewing Broadband Infrastructure’s Impact on the Economy 2.1 Reviewing Broadband Infrastructure’s Impact on the Economy 2.2 Previous Research into IO Modeling of Broadband Investment 2.2 Previous Research into IO Modeling of Broadband Investment 2.3 Context of the Bipartisan Infrastructure Act through Previous Research 2.3 Context of the Bipartisan Infrastructure Act through Previous Research 3. Methods and 3.1 Leontief Input-Output (IO) Modeling 3. Methods and 3.1 Leontief Input-Output (IO) Modeling 3.2 Ghosh Supply-Side Assessment Methods for Infrastructure 3.2 Ghosh Supply-Side Assessment Methods for Infrastructure 3.3 Data and Application 3.3 Data and Application 4. Results and 4.1 To what extent does the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law allocate funding to unconnected communities in need? 4. Results and 4.1 To what extent does the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law allocate funding to unconnected communities in need? 4.2 What are the GDP impacts of the three funding programs within the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law? 4.2 What are the GDP impacts of the three funding programs within the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law? 4.3 How are the supply chain linkages affected by allocations from the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law? 4.3 How are the supply chain linkages affected by allocations from the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law? 5. Discussion 5.1 To what extent does the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law allocate funding to unconnected communities in need? 5.1 To what extent does the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law allocate funding to unconnected communities in need? 5.2 What are the GDP impacts of the three funding programs within the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law? 5.2 What are the GDP impacts of the three funding programs within the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law? 5.3 How are supply chain linkages affected by allocations from the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law?" 5.3 How are supply chain linkages affected by allocations from the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law?" Conclusion Conclusion Acknowledgements and References Acknowledgements and References 2.3 Context of the Bipartisan Infrastructure Act through Previous Research Policy choices can help maneuver broadband networks to achieve more positive outcomes (Oughton et al., 2023; Oughton, 2023), but efforts to close broadband gaps have not yet managed to do so (King & Gonzales, 2023). Currently, only 77% of people in the United States subscribe to a broadband connection (Pew Research Center, 2021). Many unconnected Americans lack access because of connection prices, insufficient technology, scarce information, and inadequate government policies (Bauer, 2023; Oughton et al., 2022; Rosston & Wallsten, 2020). A significant divide exists between urbanization and income levels in US households (Rothschild, 2019). For example, with 82% of urban households having a fixed broadband connection, only about 70% of rural areas have the same connection available (Li et al., 2023; United States Census Bureau, 2021). Most Native Americans living in tribal areas do not have access to the same broadband infrastructure that other communities have. There are numerous reasons - progress is hampered by a lack of trust, social structure, limited resources, and insufficient education (Korostelina & Barrett, 2023). Government investment could lead to increases in broadband connectivity, but substantial disparities still prevail (Andres et al., 2024; Healy et al., 2022). For example, 55.6% of Native American tracts have seen an expansion in broadband providers between 2004 and 2014, with 27.7% of Native American tracts now having an above-average number of providers (Mack et al., 2022). However, the percentage of Native households with Internet access is still 21% lower than in the surrounding areas (Bauer et al., 2022). For the US government to ensure everyone can participate in a modern online economy, there needs to be more infrastructure built to support tribal broadband and investment in education and awareness (Duarte et al., 2021; Hudson et al., 2021; Mack et al., 2023). As found in previous studies, Figure 1 emphasizes empirically the association between broadband inequality and income level (Deng et al., 2023; Houngbonon & Liang, 2020; Wolfson et al., 2017). This problem is exacerbated as broadband adoption has been found to increase wages and hiring in a community (Poliquin, 2021; Yin & Choi, 2023). Thus, communities with reliable broadband connectivity often have higher earnings and more opportunities, aggravating the inequality shown in the figure (Consoli et al., 2023; Mathews & Ali, 2023). Figure 1 (A) shows that, on average, communities with a mean income of less than $20,000 have poorer access to broadband than wealthier communities. This can constrain economic opportunities in poorer areas, meaning citizens in these areas are disadvantaged in seeking new employment options and adapting to changing labor markets. Figure 1 (B) shows us that the disparities in connectivity, separated by income, are present when we compare regions with larger broadband allocations. 69.3% of those making under US $20k in states receiving over US $1,350 have access, whereas 75.1% have access in states receiving less than US $50k. Finally, 20.9% of Tribal lands still lack access to reliable broadband (Hutto & Wheeler, 2023). The adverse effects of the lack of reliable broadband were shown throughout the COVID-19 pandemic when many tribal communities were restricted from accessing schools and working opportunities because they did not have a reliable connection to broadband infrastructure (Kroll, 2023; Le-Morawa et al., 2023; Levin et al., 2023). Broadband connectivity can be efficiently implemented through inter-tribal communication throughout the community and community-specific broadband dissemination (Gellman et al., 2021). The Tribal Connectivity Program’s awards aim to support the deployment of required broadband infrastructure by working in tandem with affected communities (Tribal Broadband Connectivity Program, 2023). Now that a thorough literature review has been undertaken, the methods for analysis will be presented. This paper is available on arxiv under CC0 1.0 DEED license. This paper is available on arxiv under CC0 1.0 DEED license. available on arxiv

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