First Business Financial Services (FBIZ) declares $0.2275/share quarterly dividend, in line with previous. Forward yield 3.07% Payable Nov. 16; for shareholders

First Business Financial Services declares $0.2275 dividend

MADISON, Wis. (AP) — MADISON, Wis. (AP) — First Business Financial Services Inc. (FBIZ) on Thursday reported third-quarter earnings of $9.9 million. The Madison, Wisconsin-based bank said it had earnings of $1.17 per share.

First Business Financial Services: Q3 Earnings Snapshot

As consumer financial health in the U.S. deteriorates at a rapid pace, banks and credit unions have an opportunity to do so much more than simply holding customer money. More than ever, financial institutions (FIs) need to engage customers and members with  comprehensive and targeted services that actually help them grow their wealth and improve their financial security.

Financial wellness in the U.S. is plummeting. Here’s how banks and credit unions can step up to help

The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) and Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) today published a joint consultation paper proposing a Shared Responsibility Framework (SRF) for phishing scams.

Banks and telcos to be held jointly responsible for phishing scams in Singapore

Singapore's financial institutions (FIs) and the telecommunication companies (telcos) may soon be required to dig into their pockets to pay affected phishing scam victims if they failed to hold their part of the bargain in online transactions.

Singapore mulls requiring FIs, telcos to pay phishing scam victims

The card network integrated its data-sharing technology into products from Zip, FIS and JPMorgan Chase as potential regulations loom on the horizon.

Mastercard adds open-banking partners as it preps for CFPB rules

Investors with an interest in Financial Transaction Services stocks have likely encountered both Fidelity National Information Services (FIS) and DLocal (DLO). But which of these two stocks presents investors with the better value opportunity right now?

FIS vs. DLO: Which Stock Is the Better Value Option?

"ebankIT and Entersekt have a common vision of future-proofing digital banking capabilities for banks and credit unions," added Renato Oliveira, CEO of ebankIT. "This partnership brings together two best-in-class providers under one advanced solution that offers unmatched digital capabilities and fraud protection to FIs around the world."

Entersekt and ebankIT Partner to Bring Integrated Context Aware™ Authentication to Banking and Credit Union Customers

The Nevis Financial Services Regulatory Commission’s (FSRC) 15th Annual Anti-Money Laundering/Countering the Financing of Terrorism/Combating Proliferation Financing (AML/CFT/CPF) Conference got underway at the Four Season Resort,

Nevis Financial Services Regulatory Commission Hosts 15th Annual AML/CFT/CPF Conference

FIS® (NYSE: FIS), a global leader in financial services technology, announced today a regular quarterly dividend of $0.52 per common share. The divide

FIS Announces Quarterly Dividend

Authors:
(1) Smaran Deshmukh, Email: smarandeshmukh@gmail.com;
(2) Jayant Murthy, Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore 506034, India (murthy@iiap.res.in). Authors: Authors: (1) Smaran Deshmukh, Email: smarandeshmukh@gmail.com; (2) Jayant Murthy, Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore 506034, India (murthy@iiap.res.in). Table of Links Abstract and 1 Introduction Abstract and 1 Introduction 2. Summary of the Story 2. Summary of the Story 3. Observables 3. Observables 4. Possible Scenarios and Consequences 4. Possible Scenarios and Consequences The other Suns The other Suns Simulation Simulation Conclusion and References Conclusion and References ABSTRACT We investigate the imaginary world of Kalgash, a planetary system based on the novel ‘Nightfall’ (Asimov & Silverberg, 1991). The system consists of a planet, a moon and an astonishing six suns. The six stars cause the wider universe to be invisible to the inhabitants of the planet. The author explores the consequences of an eclipse and the resulting darkness which the Kalgash people experience for the first time. Our task is to verify if this system is feasible, from the duration of the eclipse, the ‘invisibility’ of the universe to the complex orbital dynamics. 1. INTRODUCTION Nightfall was first written as a short story by Isaac Asimov in 1941 (Asimov, 1941) and was then expanded into a full-length novel by Asimov & Silverberg in 1990 (Asimov & Silverberg, 1991). The story is set in a world with 6 suns which conspire such that at least one is in the sky at all times ensuring that the planet and its inhabitants never see darkness. Due to a chance combination of events, different groups of scientists come to the conclusion that: There are cycles with a regular period of 2049 years in the planetary civilization such that the civilization at the time is destroyed by fire.


These cycles correspond to eclipses by a previously unknown moon which results in a period of complete darkness lasting for several hours. Because the inhabitants of the planet had never experienced darkness in recorded history, this drove them to madness and destroyed their civilization. There are cycles with a regular period of 2049 years in the planetary civilization such that the civilization at the time is destroyed by fire. There are cycles with a regular period of 2049 years in the planetary civilization such that the civilization at the time is destroyed by fire. These cycles correspond to eclipses by a previously unknown moon which results in a period of complete darkness lasting for several hours. Because the inhabitants of the planet had never experienced darkness in recorded history, this drove them to madness and destroyed their civilization. These cycles correspond to eclipses by a previously unknown moon which results in a period of complete darkness lasting for several hours. Because the inhabitants of the planet had never experienced darkness in recorded history, this drove them to madness and destroyed their civilization. The short story focuses on the events leading up to the eclipse while the full length novel continues the story to the rebuilding of civilization by a religious society. Asimov was one of the most influential writers of the Golden Age of Science Fiction and Nightfall, itself, is often ranked as the best short story of the genre (Sagan, 1992). Nightfall is an example of what was known as “hard science fiction” which aimed to have a realistic scientific base. However, Asimov, himself, was not very concerned with scientific detail as long as the events were plausible and Nightfall was written with the intent (after prodding by the legendary publisher John Campbell) to explore the consequences of the Ralph Waldo Emerson quotation “If the stars should appear one night in a thousand years, how would men believe and adore, and preserve for many generations the remembrance of the city of God!”. Asimov and Campbell thought that the sight of the stars would rather drive men mad. “If the stars should appear one night in a thousand years, how would men believe and adore, and preserve for many generations the remembrance of the city of God!” As a result, Asimov imagined a system which met the requirements of plausibility but certainly did not actually work out the mathematical details to see if the system was dynamically stable or if the details of the orbits would work out to give the necessary period of darkness. When Asimov conceived of Nightfall, no systems outside the Solar System were known; Kepler is finding more and more systems, many much different from our own including many with multiple suns (Orosz, et al., 2012). We were inspired by this to work out the details of the stellar system in Nightfall. We do this as a tribute to Asimov whose work inspired so many people (including one of the present authors) to learn more about the world around us. 2. SUMMARY OF THE STORY The short story and the later novel are both set in the same world albeit with minor differences in names and characters. However, the book contains much more detail and we have used names and constraints from the book for the sake of consistency. The story is set on the planet Kalgash which orbits the Sun-like star Onos at a distance of about 1.2 AU (1.2 times the Earth-Sun distance). There are five other stars (Dovim, Tano, Sitha, Trey, Patru) in this system and, as a result, Kalgash has the normal day/night cycle with respect to Onos but with one or more of the other stars always in the sky. The sky is bright enough that no other stars are seen and the inhabitants have no knowledge of the wider Universe. Presumably the motions in this system are complicated enough that the Universal Law of Gravitation was only discovered a few years before the events in the story. The entire extent of the system is 110 light minutes (13.2 AU) and, as far as the inhabitants of the planet were concerned, included all of Creation. The story (in the novel) begins with an archaeological dig in which the scientists discover that there have been many previous civilizations which regularly destroyed themselves by fire, in accordance with the religious texts of a major cult. At about the same time, a group of astronomers found that the observed motions of the system did not match the predictions of the Law of Gravitation and postulated an additional invisible moon of Kalgash of almost the same mass as the planet. This moon would cause an eclipse of Dovim every 2049 years resulting in a period of absolute darkness, mass madness and the self-destruction of civilization. 3. OBSERVABLES The following have been stated in the book (All page number refer to the 1991 edition (Asimov & Silverberg, 1991): Kalgash orbits Onos which is a yellow star at a distance of 1.2 AU (pg. 185)


Trey and Patru are a close binary pair and appear white in color. They are faint and so must be white dwarfs (pg. 3)


Tano and Sitha are another close binary, also white in color at a distance of 13.2 AU from Onos. They are, brighter than Trey and Patru but still too faint to be main sequence stars and are also likely to be white dwarfs (pg. 6)


Dovim is a red star (pg. 78).


The furthest sun from Kalgash is 110 lightminutes away (13.4 AU), or somewhere just outside the orbit of Saturn as seen from the Sun (pg. 185)


The six suns of this system are the only stars in the Universe observable from Kalgash under normal conditions. Once every 2049 years, there is an eclipse of Dovim when no other of the suns are in the sky and the sky becomes dark enough to see the stars in the nearby cluster, contributing to the madness (pg. 111).


The Kalgash system is surrounded by a cluster of bright stars which are ordinarily, as mentioned above, not visible (pg. 215).


Astronomers at the beginning of the story discovered that Kalgash had a moon of about the same size. It eclipses Dovim every 2049 years at which time its angular diameter is seven times than that of the star. This results in a total eclipse and therefore darkness for a period of 9 - 14 hours, depending on latitude; long enough to ensure that every part of the planet experiences a period of darkness (pg. 114) Kalgash orbits Onos which is a yellow star at a distance of 1.2 AU (pg. 185) Kalgash orbits Onos which is a yellow star at a distance of 1.2 AU (pg. 185) Trey and Patru are a close binary pair and appear white in color. They are faint and so must be white dwarfs (pg. 3) Trey and Patru are a close binary pair and appear white in color. They are faint and so must be white dwarfs (pg. 3) Tano and Sitha are another close binary, also white in color at a distance of 13.2 AU from Onos. They are, brighter than Trey and Patru but still too faint to be main sequence stars and are also likely to be white dwarfs (pg. 6) Tano and Sitha are another close binary, also white in color at a distance of 13.2 AU from Onos. They are, brighter than Trey and Patru but still too faint to be main sequence stars and are also likely to be white dwarfs (pg. 6) Dovim is a red star (pg. 78). Dovim is a red star (pg. 78). The furthest sun from Kalgash is 110 lightminutes away (13.4 AU), or somewhere just outside the orbit of Saturn as seen from the Sun (pg. 185) The furthest sun from Kalgash is 110 lightminutes away (13.4 AU), or somewhere just outside the orbit of Saturn as seen from the Sun (pg. 185) The six suns of this system are the only stars in the Universe observable from Kalgash under normal conditions. Once every 2049 years, there is an eclipse of Dovim when no other of the suns are in the sky and the sky becomes dark enough to see the stars in the nearby cluster, contributing to the madness (pg. 111). The six suns of this system are the only stars in the Universe observable from Kalgash under normal conditions. Once every 2049 years, there is an eclipse of Dovim when no other of the suns are in the sky and the sky becomes dark enough to see the stars in the nearby cluster, contributing to the madness (pg. 111). The Kalgash system is surrounded by a cluster of bright stars which are ordinarily, as mentioned above, not visible (pg. 215). The Kalgash system is surrounded by a cluster of bright stars which are ordinarily, as mentioned above, not visible (pg. 215). Astronomers at the beginning of the story discovered that Kalgash had a moon of about the same size. It eclipses Dovim every 2049 years at which time its angular diameter is seven times than that of the star. This results in a total eclipse and therefore darkness for a period of 9 - 14 hours, depending on latitude; long enough to ensure that every part of the planet experiences a period of darkness (pg. 114) Astronomers at the beginning of the story discovered that Kalgash had a moon of about the same size. It eclipses Dovim every 2049 years at which time its angular diameter is seven times than that of the star. This results in a total eclipse and therefore darkness for a period of 9 - 14 hours, depending on latitude; long enough to ensure that every part of the planet experiences a period of darkness (pg. 114) This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 3.0 DEED license. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 3.0 DEED license. available on arxiv

How Six Suns and an Eclipse Shaped Sci-Fi’s Greatest Short Story

Rising Sea Temperatures Are Forcing Japan's Key Fish Species to Adapt

ارتفاع درجات حرارة البحر تجبر أنواع الأسماك الرئيسية في اليابان على التكيف

El aumento de la temperatura del mar obliga a las principales especies de peces de Japón a adaptarse

افزایش دمای دریا، گونه‌های اصلی ماهی ژاپنی را مجبور به سازگاری می‌کند

La hausse des températures de la mer oblige les principales espèces de poissons du Japon à s'adapter

Rastuće temperature mora tjeraju ključne vrste riba u Japanu na prilagodbu

海水温の上昇により、日本の主要魚種は適応を迫られている

Kylanti jūros temperatūra verčia pagrindines Japonijos žuvų rūšis prisitaikyti

Зголемените температури на морето ги принудуваат клучните видови риби во Јапонија да се прилагодат

Далайн температур нэмэгдэж байгаа нь Японы гол загаснуудыг дасан зохицоход хүргэж байна

Rosnące temperatury wód morskich zmuszają kluczowe gatunki ryb w Japonii do adaptacji

Kukwira Kwetembiricha Yegungwa Kuri Kumanikidza Mhando dzeHove dzeJapan Kuchinja

سمندر کا بڑھتا ہوا درجہ حرارت جاپان کی مچھلیوں کی کلیدی انواع کو اپنانے پر مجبور کر رہا ہے۔

Hey Hackers, AQUi9 has been nominated for HackerNoon's annual "Startups of the Year 2024" award, representing São Paulo, Brazil. Competing in the verticals of IT Services, Software Development, and Business Intelligence, our agtech specializes in innovative solutions for aquaculture and fish farming, transforming the agribusiness sector with precision technology. Please vote for us here: https://hackernoon.com/startups/south-america/south-america-sao-paulo-brazil?stup=66f318d46ea4677e23d9cb3b&embedable=true Read more about us below to understand why we deserve your vote. Meet AQUi9 At AQUi9, we believe in the power of precision technology to transform the agribusiness sector, starting with fish farming (pisciculture), one of the most promising industries in the production chain. We leverage IoT, artificial intelligence, and data analytics to create integrated solutions that optimize fish feeding management, improve water quality, and boost productivity. Our solutions help fish farmers make real-time data-driven decisions, ensuring greater management efficiency while reducing environmental impact. This paves the way for a more sustainable production model, which is crucial for the future of agribusiness. Give us your elevator pitch AQUi9 delivers innovative technology solutions to solve the core challenges of fish farming. With our IoT-powered sensors and AI-driven software, we help fish farmers optimize feeding practices, reduce waste, and increase production efficiency. Our tools make it easy for producers to monitor their water conditions, automate feeding schedules, and improve profitability with real-time insights. How AQUi9 achieved product-market fit Our product gained traction by addressing the main pain points of rural producers: the difficulty of controlling fish feeding and the need to boost productivity without increasing costs. We developed a system that integrates sensors for water temperature monitoring and digital platforms to automate feeding management, yielding direct, measurable results. Success indicators:

20% reduction in feed costs by avoiding overfeeding
25% increase in feeding efficiency, optimizing feed conversion
Over $500 USD savings per tank, increasing profitability for fish farmers The evolution of AQUi9 Our growth journey has involved constant adaptation. Listening to customer feedback allowed us to refine our solutions, making them more accessible and practical. As a result, we've expanded across various regions in Brazil, serving both small and large-scale producers and democratizing access to innovation. Milestones and achievements To date, we’ve achieved key milestones, such as:

Expansion across multiple regions in Brazil, supporting fish farms of all sizes
Successful implementation in model farms, such as PCFish in São Paulo
Enhancing sustainability by reducing chemical inputs and improving water resource management Lessons learned AQUi9’s biggest lesson has been recognizing that, in addition to offering cutting-edge technology, producers need solutions that are easy to implement and provide quick, tangible results. Our hands-on approach has allowed fish farmers to see the immediate benefits of digital transformation in their operations. What Startups of The Year means to us Participating in Startups of the Year 2024 is a great opportunity to showcase how AQUi9’s technology solutions are changing the future of agribusiness in Brazil. We hope this recognition helps us expand our network of partners and reach new markets, strengthening our mission to transform fish farming with innovation and sustainability. Conclusion AQUi9 is ready to revolutionize the aquaculture and agribusiness industries in Brazil. Vote for us and join the transformation! Vote for us today! Welcome to HackerNoon’s Startups of The Year 2024 interview series, spotlighting startups from around the world that are changing the way we live, one solution at a time. If you’ve been nominated, create a brand profile and answer these questions here.
Want to nominate a startup? Follow the steps here.Looking for inspiration? Check out how other startups responded to last year’s Startups of The Year interview questions and examples of company responses here, here, and here. Hey Hackers, Hey Hackers, AQUi9 has been nominated for HackerNoon's annual "Startups of the Year 2024" award, representing São Paulo , Brazil. Competing in the verticals of IT Services , Software Development , and Business Intelligence , our agtech specializes in innovative solutions for aquaculture and fish farming , transforming the agribusiness sector with precision technology. AQUi9 São Paulo IT Services Software Development Business Intelligence aquaculture fish farming agribusiness Please vote for us here: Please vote for us here: https://hackernoon.com/startups/south-america/south-america-sao-paulo-brazil?stup=66f318d46ea4677e23d9cb3b&embedable=true https://hackernoon.com/startups/south-america/south-america-sao-paulo-brazil?stup=66f318d46ea4677e23d9cb3b&embedable=true Read more about us below to understand why we deserve your vote. Meet AQUi9 AQUi9 At AQUi9 , we believe in the power of precision technology to transform the agribusiness sector, starting with fish farming (pisciculture), one of the most promising industries in the production chain. We leverage IoT , artificial intelligence , and data analytics to create integrated solutions that optimize fish feeding management , improve water quality , and boost productivity . AQUi9 precision technology fish farming IoT artificial intelligence data analytics fish feeding management water quality productivity Our solutions help fish farmers make real-time data-driven decisions , ensuring greater management efficiency while reducing environmental impact. This paves the way for a more sustainable production model, which is crucial for the future of agribusiness. real-time data-driven decisions sustainable production Give us your elevator pitch AQUi9 delivers innovative technology solutions to solve the core challenges of fish farming. With our IoT-powered sensors and AI-driven software , we help fish farmers optimize feeding practices, reduce waste, and increase production efficiency. Our tools make it easy for producers to monitor their water conditions, automate feeding schedules, and improve profitability with real-time insights . innovative technology IoT-powered sensors AI-driven software real-time insights How AQUi9 achieved product-market fit AQUi9 Our product gained traction by addressing the main pain points of rural producers: the difficulty of controlling fish feeding and the need to boost productivity without increasing costs. We developed a system that integrates sensors for water temperature monitoring and digital platforms to automate feeding management, yielding direct, measurable results. main pain points controlling fish feeding boost productivity sensors digital platforms Success indicators:

20% reduction in feed costs by avoiding overfeeding
25% increase in feeding efficiency, optimizing feed conversion
Over $500 USD savings per tank, increasing profitability for fish farmers Success indicators : 20% reduction in feed costs by avoiding overfeeding
25% increase in feeding efficiency, optimizing feed conversion
Over $500 USD savings per tank, increasing profitability for fish farmers Success indicators 20% reduction in feed costs by avoiding overfeeding 25% increase in feeding efficiency, optimizing feed conversion Over $500 USD savings per tank, increasing profitability for fish farmers 20% reduction in feed costs by avoiding overfeeding 20% reduction in feed costs 25% increase in feeding efficiency , optimizing feed conversion 25% increase in feeding efficiency Over $500 USD savings per tank , increasing profitability for fish farmers Over $500 USD savings per tank The evolution of AQUi9 AQUi9 Our growth journey has involved constant adaptation . Listening to customer feedback allowed us to refine our solutions, making them more accessible and practical. As a result, we've expanded across various regions in Brazil, serving both small and large-scale producers and democratizing access to innovation. constant adaptation small and large-scale producers Milestones and achievements To date, we’ve achieved key milestones, such as:

Expansion across multiple regions in Brazil, supporting fish farms of all sizes
Successful implementation in model farms, such as PCFish in São Paulo
Enhancing sustainability by reducing chemical inputs and improving water resource management To date, we’ve achieved key milestones, such as: Expansion across multiple regions in Brazil, supporting fish farms of all sizes
Successful implementation in model farms, such as PCFish in São Paulo
Enhancing sustainability by reducing chemical inputs and improving water resource management Expansion across multiple regions in Brazil, supporting fish farms of all sizes Successful implementation in model farms, such as PCFish in São Paulo Enhancing sustainability by reducing chemical inputs and improving water resource management Expansion across multiple regions in Brazil, supporting fish farms of all sizes Successful implementation in model farms, such as PCFish in São Paulo PCFish Enhancing sustainability by reducing chemical inputs and improving water resource management Lessons learned AQUi9’s biggest lesson has been recognizing that, in addition to offering cutting-edge technology , producers need solutions that are easy to implement and provide quick, tangible results . Our hands-on approach has allowed fish farmers to see the immediate benefits of digital transformation in their operations. cutting-edge technology easy to implement quick, tangible results What Startups of The Year means to us Participating in Startups of the Year 2024 is a great opportunity to showcase how AQUi9’s technology solutions are changing the future of agribusiness in Brazil. We hope this recognition helps us expand our network of partners and reach new markets , strengthening our mission to transform fish farming with innovation and sustainability. Startups of the Year 2024 agribusiness expand our network of partners reach new markets Conclusion AQUi9 is ready to revolutionize the aquaculture and agribusiness industries in Brazil. Vote for us and join the transformation! AQUi9 aquaculture agribusiness Vote for us today! Vote for us today ! Vote for us today Welcome to HackerNoon’s Startups of The Year 2024 interview series, spotlighting startups from around the world that are changing the way we live, one solution at a time. If you’ve been nominated, create a brand profile and answer these questions here. Want to nominate a startup? Follow the steps here. Looking for inspiration? Check out how other startups responded to last year’s Startups of The Year interview questions and examples of company responses here, here, and here. Welcome to HackerNoon’s Startups of The Year 2024 interview series, spotlighting startups from around the world that are changing the way we live, one solution at a time. If you’ve been nominated, create a brand profile and answer these questions here . Startups of The Year 2024 create a brand profile create a brand profile create a brand profile here here Want to nominate a startup? Follow the steps here . here here Looking for inspiration? Check out how other startups responded to last year’s Startups of The Year interview questions and examples of company responses here, here, and here. Looking for inspiration? Check out how other startups responded to last year’s Startups of The Year interview questions and examples of company responses here , here , and here . last year’s Startups of The Year interview questions last year’s Startups of The Year interview questions here here here here here here

Simplifying Fish Farming Management with AQUi9, Startups of the Year 2024 Nominee

PARAG AGRAWAL VIJAYA GADDE, and NED SEGAL v. Twitter Court Filing, retrieved on April 10, 2023, is part of . You can jump to any part in this filing . This is part 23 of 37. HackerNoon’s Legal PDF Series here ARTICLE X - GENERAL MATTERS 10.1 EXECUTION OF CORPORATE CONTRACTS AND INSTRUMENTS Except as otherwise provided by law, the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws, the board of directors may authorize any officer or officers, or agent or agents, to enter into any contract or execute any document or instrument in the name of and on behalf of the corporation; such authority may be general or confined to specific instances. Unless so authorized or ratified by the board of directors or within the agency power of an officer, no officer, agent or employee shall have any power or authority to bind the corporation by any contract or engagement or to pledge its credit or to render it liable for any purpose or for any amount. 10.2 FISCAL YEAR The fiscal year of the corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the board of directors and may be changed by the board of directors. 10.3 SEAL The corporation may adopt a corporate seal, which shall be adopted and which may be altered by the board of directors. The corporation may use the corporate seal by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or in any other manner reproduced. 10.4 CONSTRUCTION; DEFINITIONS Unless the context requires otherwise, the general provisions, rules of construction, and definitions in the DGCL shall govern the construction of these bylaws. Without limiting the generality of this provision, the singular number includes the plural, the plural number includes the singular, and the term person includes a corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, and a natural person. Any reference in these bylaws to a section of the DGCL shall be deemed to refer to such section as amended from time to time and any successor provisions thereto. Continue Reading . Here About HackerNoon Legal PDF Series: We bring you the most important technical and insightful public domain court case filings. This court case 2023-0409 retrieved on October 4, 2023, from is part of the public domain. The court-created documents are works of the federal government, and under copyright law, are automatically placed in the public domain and may be shared without legal restriction. int.nyt.com

Twitter Sued By Former Executives: Details on Corporate Contracts, Fiscal Year, and More

Scientific American Supplement, No. 392, July 7, 1883 by Various, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . TESTING FISH OVA FOR IMPREGNATION. here TESTING FISH OVA FOR IMPREGNATION. The development of the eyes of game fishes (salmonoids), as is well known, is relatively far advanced before the fish culturist is positively assured that embryos are developing normally in the egg. A method, therefore, which would enable us to shorten this period of probation would not only be desirable, but be also of value under certain circumstances, since it is certainly annoying after having had them in water for four or five weeks, spending time and care over them, to eventually find, when the "eye spots" do not develop, that all our trouble was wasted and that no development at all took place. It is true one may, with proper preparations and with the help of the pocket lens or microscope, follow the development while there may be no external signs of the process evident. This method of making the test is, however, not adapted to the purposes of the practical fish culturist, who will have better success by the following method: If fertilized fish ova are placed in a 50 per cent. solution of wine vinegar [any ordinary vinegar will probably be found to answer just as well-- .] the embryo, even during the very first stages of development, will become apparent to the eye lying on the transparent yelk. The acetic acid contained in the mixture, one part water to one part wine vinegar, causes the material of the embryo proper to coagulate, while the yelk remains clear. Tr A short time after the ova are laid in this mixture, and during the first week after impregnation, a white circle at one pole of the egg should become apparent, and in the course of the second week a cylindrical white streak running from the edge of the circle toward its center should be evident. If these features are not developed by the test, the eggs have not been fertilized, and are, therefore, worthless. We will not complicate the application of the method by describing other details of the development, but would merely suggest that when a lot of ova are fertilized a small portion should be left unimpregnated. These could then be tested in comparison with the fertilized ova from day to day, using say three eggs at a time of each lot. The observant culturist could by this means construct for himself a scale of development covering the period embraced by his experiments. At a lower temperature the development is slower than at a higher one. The difference of appearance between fertilized and unfertilized ova treated by the method will demonstrate its utility. Whoever does not trust to the method for the evidence of death of the eggs until after five weeks subsequent to impregnation, must of course wait. Director Tiefenthaler, of Kölzen, has had the kindness to test the method practically, and finds it useful to fish culturists.-- . Prof. Nussbaum [A very little practice, it seems to the translator, would serve to enable any person of ordinary intelligence to apply this method, or several others which might be suggested. Other substances which would answer the same purpose would be dilute solutions of picric or chromic acid, of not more than one to one-half per cent., or one part to two hundred of water. Vinegar or acetic acid of the shops may also be used; the last to be diluted in the proportions of about one part in ten of water. The acids cited will coagulate and cause the germ disk to turn white or yellow in a few hours. Chromic is better than picric acid, as it coagulates the yelk also, but turns the latter much darker than the embryo or embryonic disk.-- .] Tr About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Various (2005). Scientific American Supplement, No. 392, July 7, 1883. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/8742/pg8742-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

TESTING FISH OVA FOR IMPREGNATION

HAMILTON K. FISKER AGAIN

Scientific American Supplement, No. 711, August 17, 1889, by Various, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . THE "HATCHERY" OF THE SUN-FISH. here THE "HATCHERY" OF THE SUN-FISH. I have thought that an example of the intelligence (instinct?) of a class of fish which has come under my observation during my excursions into the Adirondack region of New York State might possibly be of interest to your readers, especially as I am not aware that any one except myself has noticed it, or, at least, has given it publicity. The female sun-fish (called, I believe, in England, the roach or bream) makes a "hatchery" for her eggs in this wise. Selecting a spot near the banks of the numerous lakes in which this region abounds, and where the water is about 4 inches deep, and still, she builds, with her tail and snout, a circular embankment 3 inches in height and 2 thick. The circle, which is as perfect a one as could be formed with mathematical instruments, is usually a foot and a half in diameter; and at one side of this circular wall an opening is left by the fish of just sufficient width to admit her body, thus: The mother sun-fish, having now built or provided her "hatchery," deposits her spawn within the circular inclosure, and mounts guard at the entrance until the fry are hatched out and are sufficiently large to take charge of themselves. As the embankment, moreover, is built up to the surface of the water, no enemy can very easily obtain an entrance within the inclosure from the top; while there being only one entrance, the fish is able, with comparative ease, to keep out all intruders. I have, as I say, noticed this beautiful instinct of the sun-fish for the perpetuity of her species more particularly in the lakes of this region; but doubtless the same habit is common to these fish in other waters. William L. Stone. Jersey City Heights, N.J. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Various (2004). Scientific American Supplement, No. 711, August 17, 1889. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/16972/pg16972-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

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