Chai

chai

SEC v. Terraform Court Filing, retrieved on February 16, 2023, is part of . You can jump to any part in this filing . This is part 28 of 38. HackerNoon’s Legal PDF Series here a. Terraform and Kwon Deceived Investors about Chai 121. Terraform and Kwon marketed the Terraform blockchain as having a real-world use. Specifically, Terraform and Kwon repeatedly claimed that a Korean company, Chai Corporation ("Chai"), used the Terraform blockchain to process and settle millions of transactions for Korean consumers at retail establishments, such as online stores, movie theaters, and convenience stores. These statements were materially false and misleading. Chai transactions were neither processed nor settled on the Terraform blockchain. 122. To further deceive investors, Terraform and Kwon recorded completed Chai transactions onto the Terraform blockchain to make it appear as if they were processed on the blockchain when, in fact, they were not. The purported "real-world use" of the Terraform blockchain was a literal fabrication. 123. Chai is a mobile payment service provider in Korea, similar to PayPal or Venmo, which Kwon launched, together with Terraform's co-founder, in or around June 2019. 124. Until early 2020, Chai and Terraform were closely associated with each other, sharing an office space and overlapping personnel. During that time, Kwon sat on Chai's board of directors and was kept up to date on Chai activities. 125. Sometime in early 2020, Kwon and Terraform's co-founder took steps to separate Terraform's business from Chai. Kwon took control of Terraform and moved its offices to a new location. At the same time, the majority of Terraform's employees began working solely for Terraform. However, until approximately May 2022, Kwon continued to sit on Chai's board and Defendants continued to represent publicly that Terraform was connected to Chai. 126. From mid-2019 through at least March 2022, Defendants made numerous and repeated statements falsely representing that the "backend" of Chai transactions were being processed and settled using the Terraform blockchain. Terraform and Kwon also falsely stated that Chai's use of the Terraform blockchain provided incentives to both Korean merchants and consumers to use Chai for their transactions. Specifically, Terraform and Kwon claimed that Chai's use of the Terraform blockchain meant that merchants experienced faster processing times and lower transaction fees through Chai than through competitor mobile payment services providers. Likewise, Terraform and Kwon maintained that Chai customers would benefit from additional consumer discounts flowing from the lower costs associated with Chai's purported use of the Terraform blockchain. With these misrepresentations, Terraform and Kwon misleadingly used Chai's growth as a proxy for the growth and success of the Terraform ecosystem as a whole. 127. Terraform and Kwon made these false and misleading statements in presentations to solicit investments in Terraform's crypto asset securities, including LUNA, from investors and prospective investors in the U.S. and overseas. In addition, Terraform made and disseminated these false and misleading statements in public interviews, Terraform-sponsored podcasts, and social media posts, which were available to U.S. investors and prospective investors. 128. For instance, in a presentation aired on CNBC Africa that Terraform made available to U.S. investors when it posted it to YouTube on October 14, 2019, Kwon discussed Chai in depth, explaining: [I]n the backend, it uses Terra's blockchain technology to solve some major pain points and problems for the merchants. But in the backend is where the real magic starts to happen. And I contend that Terra solves two of the biggest roadblocks to the adoption of digital payments in Asia and the rest of the world. So the first is slow settlement periods. … Terra settles in six seconds. So every block for every transaction that has been made, we batch it up and then send it to the merchant so they can have easy and early access to working capital should they choose to do so. The second problem that we solve is high transaction fees. … So in the thirteen weeks in which we have been operational, early response has been quite explosive. Up-up to today we have had 430,000 shoppers over the Chai gateway, and most of them coming in the last month. And we've processed nearly 2,000,000 transactions up to date. And we think that this number will continue to grow. In terms of daily active users, Terra and Chai has already surpassed some of the most popular tokens. Our daily active user numbers today currently stand at around 58,000 users... … So, basically what we are going for is to facilitate everyday retail transactions that are powered by Terra. 129. In an email sent on February 6, 2020 directly to investors, including U.S.-based institutional investors, Kwon noted that Similarly, on February 9, 2020, Kwon wrote in the Terra General Discord Channel chat accessible to the public that "Chai sits at 1.18 million active accounts today, and we passed the IM mark on Jan 14" "[r]ight now Chai has 12 merchants, all of whom get settled in KRT on the Terraform blockchain." 130. Terraform provided a September 2020 investor slide deck to at least one U.S.- based institutional investor, in which it touted the purported speed and efficiency of Chai in using the Terraform blockchain to process transactions. One slide titled contained a chart of various crypto assets and associated that $16 million with "LUNA, Terra's Native Token." "Explosive adoption of payment solutions has generated Terra 16M in annualized fees" Later slides in the deck also touted Chai's success in promoting the investment opportunities of other Terraform crypto asset securities. 131. In a series of Tweets posted on May 24, 2021 through @terra_money, Terraform again emphasized Chai's use of the Terraform blockchain and highlighted its growth, stating: 17/ As long as we create useful applications that people use on top of Terra, the strong locus of demand will always exist. 18/ And the use cases are already there. CHAI has more than 2 million active users in Korea. 132. And on March 31, 2022, in an interview posted to the public YouTube channel Blockworks Macro, Kwon again touted Chai and its use of the Terraform blockchain: So, we've launched apps like Chai in Korea. And so, the idea was that we were close to retail loop with things that people can buy, and transact with using, you know, Terra payments. So, you could take it to most e-commerce merchants of your choice. I could go to movie theaters, convenience stores, and things like that. 133. In addition to making and disseminating these materially false and misleading statements, Terraform and Kwon engaged in other deceptive acts, including by entering transactions on the Terraform blockchain using "KRT" (yet another algorithmic stablecoin offered by Terraform that was pegged to Korean currency, Won), which purported to reflect Chai commercial transactions. Specifically, from June 2019 through at least May 12, 2022, the Terraform blockchain appeared to reflect that Chai transactions were being settled on the blockchain in KRT, when, in fact, Chai payments were processed in Korean Won. 134. To carry out this deception, Terraform programmed a server, which was referred to internally as the "LP Server," to receive and process data about Chai transactions, and then issue instructions to the Terraform blockchain to replicate those transactions as if they had originally "settled" on the Terraform blockchain. 135. Analysis of Terraform blockchain data reflects that, in replicating the Chai transactions, Terraform used one wallet address ("Terraform Master Wallet") to fund up to 2.7 million other wallets. Terraform controlled each of these wallets and used them to execute batched or "multisend" transfers that would replicate multiple Chai transactions together in a single transaction, using data received by the LP Server. Analysis of Terraform blockchain data further reflects that Terraform used the Terraform Master Wallet to begin each batch of transactions that replicated the real transactions that Chai was processing in Korean Won. 136. In statements to investors, Kwon has confirmed that the batched blockchain transactions that utilized this Terraform Master Wallet were purportedly connected to Chai (though he did not disclose that they merely replicated Chai transactions, which were not actually settled on the blockchain). For instance, in a private Discord chat on June 22, 2019, Kwon told a small number of investors that Terraform blockchain transactions that are "multisend [are] pretty much all Chai." 137. To further his deception, Kwon "challenged" his Twitter followers to identify purported merchant wallet addresses from these replicated blockchain transactions. Specifically, in a February 8, 2020 tweet posted through @stablekwon, Kwon challenged his followers to identify Chai merchant wallet addresses from the blockchain, posting: Fun thought: currently @terra_money payments app Chai is linked with 12 merchants in Korea. Can anyone guess which wallet address belongs to which merchant? First person to respond with the correct guess and explain reasoning get 5000 SLUNA. 138. At least one of Kwon's Twitter followers purportedly accepted the challenge and searched the Terraform blockchain to match the follower's real-world Chai app payments with transactions recorded on the blockchain. As a result, the follower claimed to have discovered eleven of the twelve purported merchant wallet addresses. 139. On February 9, 2020, Kwon posted a follow-up tweet falsely stating that the follower had correctly identified the Chai merchant wallets. In fact, a blockchain analysis reveals that each identified transaction began with the Terraform Master Wallet and the purportedly identified merchant wallet addresses were controlled by Terraform. 140. These Terraform blockchain transactions purporting to represent real Chai transactions were purely sham transactions. An analysis of the blockchain indicates that virtually all the KRT used to fund the Terraform Master Wallet originated from other Terraform-controlled wallets, including a reserve of Terraform stablecoins, called Terraform SDR (SDT) Similarly, virtually all the KRT used to replicate these Chai transactions remained in or was returned to Terraform-controlled wallets through at least May 12, 2022. The analysis further reflects that, from June 2019 until at least May 2022, with very few exceptions, the wallet addresses used in Terraform Master Wallet transactions were used in no other transactions oth than those initiated from the Terraform Master Wallet. In other words, these blockchain transactions do not reflect real-world, arms-length transfers of KRT between consumers and merchants. Instead, they reflect a closed system in which Terraform transferred KRT between millions of wallets that it controlled in order to replicate millions of transactions processed through Chai to make it appear that they had been processed and settled on the Terraform blockchain. 141. In reality, Chai did not process or settle transactions on the Terraform blockcha but instead used traditional payment methods of receiving Korean Won from its customers and paying Korean Won to participating merchants. Neither Chai consumers nor Chai merchants were transacting in KRT. The transactions that were executed by the LP Server on the Terraform blockchain merely recorded transactions that had already happened in the real work using Korean Won. 142. Breaks in the continuity of new blocks created on the Terraform blockchain confirm that no Chai transactions occurred on the blockchain. The Terraform blockchain typically creates new blocks reflecting new states of the blockchain (including transactions) every six or so seconds. However, in at least five instances between October 2021 and March 2022, there were one or more days when no transactions whatsoever were confirmed on the Terraform blockchain. Yet, there is no evidence that the Chai payment application was not functioning during those periods. 143. Chai itself has denied in emails to its own investors that it used a blockchain to process its payments and claimed that doing so would not have been legally permitted in Korea. 144. Terraform employees that knew of the deception also knew to maintain its secrecy. For example, one Terraform employee explained in a chat with another employee on October 9, 2021,"btw we don't want to say stuff about LP server too much... it breaks the perception that chai depends on Terra... Basically chai doesn't need Terra to work... It's what copies chai's transactions from their data base to create tx activity." 145. As a founder and former director of Chai, Kwon (and through Kwon, Terraform) knew or were reckless in not knowing that Chai did not actually process or settle transactions on the Terraform blockchain. Kwon personally wrote much of the Terraform blockchain code from its genesis through two version upgrades and was primarily responsible for Terraform's coding and engineering strategy decisions. At the time of Chai's development and launch, Kwon held the most senior technical position at Terraform. 146. Kwon knew or was reckless in not knowing that the LP Server was merely replicating Chai transaction data that had not actually occurred on the Terraform blockchain because Kwon directly supervised and instructed the Terraform employees who programmed the LP Server in the first instance. Kwon also participated in technical discussions that required an understanding of how Chai transactions were reflected on the Terraform blockchain, including that they were batched in "multisend" transactions, and demonstrated knowledge of the location of Chai-related files in Terraform's code repositories. Kwon further demonstrated his understanding of the Chai transaction replication process by publicly confirming Terraform blockchain wallet addresses that purportedly belonged to Chai merchants. 147. Defendants' misleading statements and omissions, and their deceptive acts, with respect to the non-existent Chai transactions, were material to investors in Terraform's crypto assets securities. 148. Terraform and Kwon used these material misrepresentations about Chai to encourage and solicit investments by retail and institutional investors in Terraform crypto assets, including LUNA and wLUNA. For example, in a June 19, 2020 blog post on Terraform's Medium website, Terraform's Head of Ecosystem Development directly tied Chai's purported use of the Terraform blockchain to the returns to Terraform investors, writing: In this piece we'd like to go beyond the numbers to reflect on the key role that transaction fees play in determining network value and security. The fundamental driver of transaction fees in the Terra network is the broad adoption of CHAI by consumers and merchants. 149. Defendants' efforts worked. U.S.-based retail and institutional investors believed that Chai operated on the Terraform blockchain and found it significant in deciding to invest in Terraform crypto assets, including LUNA. For example, on December 3, 2020, the CEO of a U.S. based institutional investor posted to Twitter: "Terra's payment app Chai is up to 80k daily active users. Koreans are fast adopters. Watch this grow. $LUNA." On May 18, 2022, that same CEO posted a memo to Twitter purporting to explain the basis for investing in LUNA. In the memo, the CEO highlighted as one significant factor, Chai's use of the Terra blockchain, describing it as "crypto finding a real-world use case." 150. Similarly, in or around November 2021, Kwon and another Terraform employee approached another U.S.-based institutional investor to solicit that investor to purchase LUNA tokens. In pitching the LUNA investment, Terraform and Kwon told the investor that the Terraform blockchain was being used to process Chai transactions. The investor found this fact to be significant in deciding to invest with Terraform. This investor specifically highlighted Chai's purported transactions on the Terraform blockchain in the investor's internal investment memorandum in early January 2022. On or about January 24, 2022, that investor (through a foreign subsidiary) signed an agreement to purchase $57 million in LUNA tokens. 151. From December 27, 2019, to March 10, 2022, U.S.-based institutional investors (either directly or through offshore affiliates) purchased approximately $656 million of LUNA tokens from Terraform (or a wholly-controlled subsidiary). These institutional investors included hedge funds and venture capitalists based in California, New York, Massachusetts, Florida, and Washington D.C. Similarly, from September 2021 through May 2022, retail investors, including investors in the U.S., purchased billions of dollars of LUNA and wLUNA on crypto asset trading platforms. Continue Reading . Here About HackerNoon Legal PDF Series: We bring you the most important technical and insightful public domain court case filings. This court case 1:23-cv-01346 retrieved on September 12, 2023, from is part of the public domain. The court-created documents are works of the federal government, and under copyright law, are automatically placed in the public domain and may be shared without legal restriction. sec.gov

Do Kwon Lied to Investors About Chai: How He Dangled the Carrot In Front of Their Faces

Creating a Hello World website with Node.js We’ll start with creating a simple application, just like we usually do. The subsequent part of this article will explain how to write, run, and automate tests with BuddyWorks. Node.js Install Node.js If that’s the first time you work with Node.js, install the npm manager first: nodejs.org/en/download/package-manager Install NPM and Mocha Create a directory for the application: mkdir myapp && cd myapp Now, npm should be initialized. We’ll use it in order to create a with the framework: package.json Mocha npm init You will be asked for the application’s details. Type the following: name: hello-world entry point: app.js test command: This framework will be used for testing the application ./node_modules/.bin/mocha Confirm the rest of the values by hitting enter. Create Hello World with Express framework Express Node.js web application framework will be used for building the app: npm install express --save Details of Hello World Once you already have everything installed, let’s create an file with a simple HTTP server that will serve our Hello World website: app.js //Load express module with `require` directivevar express = require('express')var app = express()

//Define request response in root URL (/)app.get('/', function (req, res) {  res.send('Hello World')})

//Launch listening server on port 8080app.listen(8080, function () {  console.log('App listening on port 8080!')}) Run the app Now, the application is ready to launch: $ node app.js Go to: in your browser to view it. http://localhost:8080/ Configuring unit tests with Mocha and Chai Each single application should be tested before the deployment to the server, especially, if it’s a welcome site that creates the first impression. Here, we will use Mocha as the test running framework, and Chai as the assertion library. Install Mocha and Chai Make sure to add Mocha and Chai packages to the : package.json npm install mocha --savenpm install chai --save Add a test file Now, it’s time for defining our first test… Like what you read? ! Check out the full guide here

How to run Mocha/Chai unit tests on Node.js apps

Why L2s on Public Chains Offer the Best of Both Worlds

New York, New York, April 3rd, 2025, Chainwire New York, New York, April 3rd, 2025, Chainwire Moving Beyond Layer 2s Through Native Parallel Execution on Proof of Work (PoW) Kadena, the industry leader in scalable blockchain technology, has announced Chainweb EVM with the addition of 20 EVM-compatible chains to its multi-chain network. Chainweb EVM positions Kadena as a decentralized alternative to Ethereum Layer 2s, with near-zero gas fees, infinite scalability, and energy-efficient Proof of Work security. Kadena takes a unique approach to scaling by leveraging native parallelization for high-throughput execution and processing. Their horizontal scaling network can add new chains to absorb demand fluctuations, which reduces block time and keeps gas fees lower than all Layer 2s. Builders can deploy and scale dApps with Solidity smart contracts and leverage EVM tooling natively, all while benefiting from Kadena’s scalable, affordable, and decentralized Layer 1 infrastructure. The Chainweb EVM initiative has received interest from hundreds of builders who signed up for exclusive early access at ETHDenver, gaining the first chance to deploy on-chain. This initiative coincides with Kadena's $50 million in grants to support building on Chainweb EVM, tokenizing real-world assets, and AI development to drive ecosystem growth. Chainweb EVM Chainweb EVM real-world assets real-world assets Stuart Popejoy, Kadena’s co-founder and CEO, commented on the vision for Chainweb EVM, citing his enthusiasm for the buildout. “Spearheading this project alongside my co-founder, Will (Martino), has been the single biggest initiative at Kadena since its inception. We see Chainweb EVM as the long-lasting settlement platform for the world, from stock market trading to e-commerce payments. Our new chains will soon open what we have been building with Chainweb consensus to the EVM world. Solidity developers can now build with the security, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of Kadena’s native parallel chains,” Popejoy said. “Spearheading this project alongside my co-founder, Will (Martino), has been the single biggest initiative at Kadena since its inception. We see Chainweb EVM as the long-lasting settlement platform for the world, from stock market trading to e-commerce payments. Our new chains will soon open what we have been building with Chainweb consensus to the EVM world. Solidity developers can now build with the security, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of Kadena’s native parallel chains,” Popejoy said. About Kadena Founded in the U.S. in 2016 by Stuart Popejoy and Will Martino - creators of J.P. Morgan's first blockchain and leaders of the SEC's Crypto Committee - Kadena delivers industry-leading performance as the only scalable Layer 1 Proof of Work blockchain. Kadena's innovative approach combines energy efficiency with unmatched scalability, making it an ideal infrastructure for mass adoption. With its pioneering smart contract language Pact, Kadena offers tools for building secure, efficient, and developer-friendly blockchain applications that address real-world needs. Kadena on X (Formerly Twitter) Kadena on X (Formerly Twitter) Kadena on X (Formerly Twitter) Kadena LinkedIn Kadena LinkedIn Kadena LinkedIn Kadena Discord Kadena Discord Kadena Discord Contact Kadena Press Kadena LLC press@kadena.io This story was distributed as a release by Chainwire under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here This story was distributed as a release by Chainwire under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here here here

Kadena Solves Ethereum Scalability With Chainweb EVM

Kadena rješava Ethereum skalabilnost s Chainweb EVM

Kadena resuelve la escalabilidad de Ethereum con Chainweb EVM

Kadena résout l'évolutivité d'Ethereum avec Chainweb EVM

Kadena resolve a escalabilidade de Ethereum con Chainweb EVM

Kadena-ն լուծում է Ethereum-ի մասշտաբայնությունը Chainweb EVM-ի միջոցով

Kadena、Chainweb EVMでEthereumのスケーラビリティを解決

Kadena ხსნის Ethereum-ის მასშტაბურობას Chainweb EVM-ით

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Kadena rezolvă scalabilitatea Ethereum cu Chainweb EVM

Кадена решает проблему масштабируемости Ethereum с помощью Chainweb EVM

Kadena zgjidh shkallëzimin e Ethereum me Chainweb EVM

Kadena Chainweb EVM yordamida Ethereum miqyosini hal qiladi

Narendra Fadnavis is a visionary leader in Enterprise IT and digital transformation, with over two decades of expertise in revolutionizing supply chain management through AI-driven automation, cloud integration, and process optimization. As a Principal Engineer (Director), he spearheads strategic IT solutions that leverage Oracle Cloud, AI, and Machine Learning (ML) to enhance business agility, operational efficiency, and digital transformation at scale. His ability to integrate cutting-edge technologies with real-world business challenges has positioned him as a driving force in enterprise innovation. Mastering the Art of Supply Chain Optimization Narendra’s expertise in Supply Chain Management (SCM) extends beyond implementation—he reimagines it. By leading the development and deployment of Oracle SCM Cloud solutions, he has transformed forecasting, demand planning, and value chain management, enabling enterprises to achieve greater efficiency, cost savings, and seamless end-to-end operations. His deep understanding of production scheduling, inventory optimization, and logistics planning has helped organizations across industries streamline operations and drive profitability. Advancing AI, Machine Learning, and Intelligent Automation Advancing AI, Machine Learning, and Intelligent Automation At the forefront of AI and ML-driven automation, Narendra has pioneered initiatives in Robotic Process Automation (RPA), Process Mining, and Predictive Analytics. His work has enabled organizations to reduce manual intervention, accelerate decision-making, and optimize operational workflows. By embedding AI into supply chain processes, IT automation, and business intelligence systems, he has unlocked new levels of efficiency, accuracy, and scalability, positioning enterprises for sustained success in the digital age. Currently, he is working on Gen-AI Agentic Framework adoption, driving next-generation AI integration across enterprise applications, automation frameworks, and system architectures. Pioneering Cloud Integration and Development Narendra’s leadership in cloud computing and IT architecture has been instrumental in seamlessly integrating Oracle Cloud applications and containerized solutions. His expertise in Oracle Integration Cloud (OIC) and microservices-based architecture has led to scalable, secure, and high-performing cloud ecosystems, enabling businesses to enhance agility and optimize infrastructure costs. His cloud-first approach has empowered organizations to transition smoothly from legacy systems, ensuring seamless connectivity, real-time analytics, and future-ready digital infrastructures. Driving Strategic Innovation in Global Tech Giants Driving Strategic Innovation in Global Tech Giants Throughout his career, Narendra has collaborated with Fortune 500 companies and leading technology firms, driving high-impact digital transformation initiatives. His work spans end-to-end enterprise IT modernization, from requirement analysis and solution design to full-scale implementation and post-deployment optimization. Whether enhancing global planning frameworks, deploying advanced ERP solutions, or integrating AI-driven analytics, his contributions have consistently delivered measurable business impact. His expertise has been instrumental in transforming IT and supply chain ecosystems for Google, Facebook (Meta), and other industry giants, ensuring that technology adoption translates into tangible business value. A Legacy of Excellence in Consulting and Leadership A Legacy of Excellence in Consulting and Leadership Narendra is a respected industry leader in digital transformation, enterprise consulting, and IT strategy. His ability to bridge technology with business objectives has solidified his reputation as an innovator and strategic advisor. Throughout his career, he has led successful large-scale digital transformations, ensuring that businesses adapt to evolving technological landscapes and drive continuous innovation. From conducting in-depth technology assessments and proof-of-concept projects to mentoring teams and guiding organizations through complex IT overhauls, Narendra’s leadership fosters continuous learning, agility, and long-term success. His strategic vision and ability to deliver scalable, future-ready solutions have empowered enterprises to achieve operational excellence and competitive advantage in a rapidly evolving digital world. About Narendra Fadnavis About Narendra Fadnavis Narendra Fadnavis is a Principal Engineer (Director), with over 20 years of expertise in enterprise IT, digital transformation, AI automation, and supply chain management. Holding a Master’s degree in Computer Management from the University of Pune, he has led transformative technology initiatives at some of the world’s largest organizations. His certifications in AI, Cloud, and Supply Chain (Oracle Cloud Supply Planning, APICS-CPIM(BSCM), OCI AI Certified Foundations Associate,Generative AI Green Belt further underscore his commitment to continuous learning and industry excellence. Currently, he is pursuing a Master of Science in Applied Artificial Intelligence (MS-AAI) from the University of San Diego, reinforcing his expertise in AI-driven enterprise innovation. As an AI and IT transformation leader, Narendra continues to shape the future of enterprise technology, ensuring that businesses remain agile, efficient, and ready for the digital age. This story was distributed as a release by Kashvi Pandey under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here. This story was distributed as a release by Kashvi Pandey under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here. here here

Narendra Fadnavis: Pioneering Digital Transformation and Supply Chain Excellence

ናሬንድራ ፋድናቪስ፡ አቅኚ ዲጂታል ትራንስፎርሜሽን እና የአቅርቦት ሰንሰለት ልቀት

ناريندرا فادايفس: التحول الرقمي المتقدم والمثابرة في سلسلة التوريد

Нарэндра Фаднавіс: піянерская лічбавая трансфармацыя і дасканаласць ланцужкоў паставак

Narendra Fadnavis: Pionir digitalne transformacije i izvrsnosti u lancu opskrbe

Narendra Fadnavis: Banebrydende Digital Transformation og Supply Chain Excellence

Narendra Fadnavis: La transformación digital pionera y la excelencia en la cadena de suministro

नरेंद्र फडणवीस: डिजिटल परिवर्तन और आपूर्ति श्रृंखला उत्कृष्टता के अग्रणी

ナレンドラ・ファドナビス: デジタル変革とサプライチェーンの卓越性の先駆者

Narendra Fadnavis: Pioneering Digital Transformation ແລະ Supply Chain Excellence

Нарендра Фаднавис: Дижитал өөрчлөлт ба ханган нийлүүлэлтийн сүлжээг анхдагч

Narendra Fadnavis: pionier op het gebied van digitale transformatie en uitmuntendheid in de toeleveringsketen

U-Narendra Fadnavis: Ukulungiswa kwe-digital transformation kunye ne-supply chain excellence

How can decentralized finance (DeFi) operate transparently if its core data sources remain unverifiable? The reliance on oracles—systems that feed external data into blockchain networks—has long been a challenge. Most oracles function as closed systems where data sourcing, aggregation, and computation happen off-chain, leaving users with a final output that cannot be independently verified. DIA, a decentralized data provider, has launched the Lumina mainnet, a blockchain-based oracle infrastructure designed to eliminate opaque data processing. Lumina records every stage of the oracle process on-chain, allowing developers, institutions, and blockchain networks to review and audit how data is sourced, processed, and delivered. DIA Lumina The Role of Oracles in Blockchain Networks Oracles serve as intermediaries that provide blockchain applications with real-world data, such as asset prices, market rates, and event outcomes. DeFi protocols use oracles to automate transactions in lending, derivatives, and stablecoin markets. However, most existing oracle networks do not disclose their data sources or the methods used to compute final outputs. Users must rely on the accuracy of an external system without visibility into how results are generated. This lack of transparency has been identified as a potential security risk. Errors, manipulation, or centralized control in oracle networks can lead to incorrect price feeds, market inefficiencies, and financial losses. The introduction of a fully verifiable oracle system seeks to address these concerns by ensuring that all data-handling processes are visible and auditable. Lumina and the DIA Lasernet Infrastructure DIA Lumina introduces an open framework where blockchain participants can review oracle operations in real-time. It eliminates the need for blind trust by recording data sourcing, computational processes, and final outputs on-chain. At the core of Lumina’s system is DIA Lasernet, a modular Layer 2 (L2) network built using Arbitrum’s optimistic rollup technology. The network facilitates the on-chain execution of oracle functions while maintaining cost efficiency. It also integrates a modular data availability layer to ensure that all oracle transactions remain accessible and verifiable. Unlike traditional oracles that rely on closed networks of validator nodes, Lasernet removes off-chain dependencies, making every stage of data handling publicly inspectable. Adoption and Use Cases Institutions such as Ripple and Stellar are incorporating DIA Lumina’s transparent data feeds into their blockchain infrastructure. As regulatory frameworks evolve and financial institutions explore tokenized real-world assets (RWAs), demand for verifiable oracle solutions is increasing. Ensuring that off-chain data can be audited in a trustless manner is considered a key requirement for integrating blockchain technology with traditional financial systems. DIA has announced plans for further system upgrades, including additional cryptographic security modules and expanded oracle capabilities. The system is designed to be modular, allowing for new developments without requiring fundamental changes to its existing architecture. Future Considerations The launch of DIA Lumina highlights a shift in how blockchain networks approach data verification. By moving away from opaque oracle models, the system introduces a method where every aspect of data handling can be reviewed and verified. Whether this approach will become an industry standard remains to be seen, but it presents an alternative to the reliance on closed oracle networks that currently dominate the sector. Don’t forget to like and share the story! Vested Interest Disclosure: This author is an independent contributor publishing via our business blogging program. HackerNoon has reviewed the report for quality, but the claims herein belong to the author. #DYO Vested Interest Disclosure: This author is an independent contributor publishing via our business blogging program. HackerNoon has reviewed the report for quality, but the claims herein belong to the author. #DYO Vested Interest Disclosure: business blogging program business blogging program

Are Black-Box Oracles a Risk? DIA Lumina Launches a New On-Chain System

Black-Box Oracles risklidirmi? DIA Lumina Yeni Zəncirli Sistemi işə salır

Sind Black-Box-Orakel ein Risiko? DIA Lumina führt ein neues On-Chain-System ein

¿Son un riesgo los oráculos de caja negra? DIA Lumina lanza un nuevo sistema en cadena

Gli oracoli Black-Box sono un rischio? DIA Lumina lancia un nuovo sistema On-Chain

ブラックボックスオラクルはリスクか？DIA Luminaが新しいオンチェーンシステムを発表

Vai Black-Box Oracles ir risks? DIA Lumina izlaiž jaunu ķēdes sistēmu

Adakah Oracle Black-Box Berisiko? DIA Lumina Melancarkan Sistem On-Chain Baharu

Ese Umukara-Agasanduku Oracle ni akaga? DIA Lumina Yatangije Sisitemu Nshya Kumurongo

A janë një rrezik Oracles Black-Box? DIA Lumina lëshon një sistem të ri në zinxhir

Isang Panganib ba ang Black-Box Oracles? Ang DIA Lumina ay Naglunsad ng Bagong On-Chain System

Black-Box Oracle có phải là rủi ro không? DIA Lumina ra mắt hệ thống On-Chain mới

Ngaba ii-Oracles zeBhokisi eziMnyama zingumngcipheko? I-DIA Lumina Isungula iNkqubo eNtsha ye-On-Chain

AI agents and bots increasingly dominate digital spaces, and distinguishing real human interactions from automated systems has become a pressing challenge. Steven Smith, Head of Protocol and Applied Research at Tools for Humanity, is in charge of solving this through the World project. With the recent mainnet launch of World Chain—a blockchain designed to prioritize verified humans—Steven and his team are pioneering proof of human technology to ensure fairness and trust in digital ecosystems. In this interview, we explore the technical breakthroughs behind Priority Blockspace for Humans (PBH), the role of World ID in combating AI-driven challenges, and the future of trust-first AI ecosystems that empower human agency. 1. Ishan Pandey: Steven, as the Head of Protocol and Applied Research at Tools for Humanity, you’re driving the World project’s mission to prioritize real humans in a digital world overrun by AI agents and bots. Can you tell us about the vision behind World Chain? Steven Smith: World Chain, our blockchain designed for real humans, was built for a few core reasons. First, World Network has grown substantially, and we anticipate even greater scale in the future – as such, we need to develop the best infrastructure to ensure that scaling is seamless. Second, we envision a future where humans can coexist with AI agents and bots. Contrary to the common perception that bots are inherently bad actors, many are essential to network operations. AI agents, in particular, serve as productivity enhancers and multipliers, amplifying what individuals can achieve. Steven Smith: The key is ensuring that humans remain central to any given network. World Chain enables this by creating a blockchain specifically designed to accommodate both AI agents and bots while insulating human users from their potential drawbacks. It’s a blockchain built for people – a human-centric network that prioritizes verified users. Since World Chain’s mainnet launch in October 2024, 24+ million World ID holders across 160+ countries have either migrated or are in the process of migrating to World Chain, making it the largest blockchain of individually verified humans in the world. World Chain is also maintaining the highest UOPS/TPS ratio of any Ethereum blockchain according to L2Beat. The network is supported by world-class blockchain service providers like Optimism, Alchemy, Uniswap, Safe, Dune, and Etherscan, and it integrates World ID natively to prioritize human transactions. 2. Ishan Pandey: What were some of the biggest technical obstacles you faced when designing Priority Blockspace for Humans (PBH) to ensure that verified human transactions take precedence over those from bots or AI agents? Steven Smith: The fundamental challenge in designing Priority Blockspace for Humans (PBH) was determining, at the blockchain consensus level, whether a transaction originates from a human. Fortunately, World ID, which is a proof of human credential used onchain, solves this problem. World ID leverages zero-knowledge proofs (ZKP), allowing users to prove their unique humanness without revealing personal data. PBH, which recently launched on the World Chain testnet, is like a dedicated highway lane for humans, ensuring smooth and prioritized transactions. Every human-verified transaction on World Chain carries an associated ZKP, enabling the network to identify and prioritize them. Steven Smith: Another consideration was how to architect PBH as a modular, generic service that could extend beyond its initial application. Our collaboration with Flashbots and consultation with Optimism and Paradigm played a crucial role in refining this approach. By cleanly separating the block-building mechanism from the execution client, we designed an architecture that can be adapted for various use cases beyond PBH. 3. Ishan Pandey: Can you walk us through how PBH works within World Chain’s architecture? How does it leverage World ID and the OP Stack to prioritize human transactions while maintaining security and decentralization? Steven Smith: PBH is currently live on testnet and is built on OP Stack, the rollup SDK from Optimism. OP Stack consists of multiple infrastructure components, one of which is responsible for block construction, deciding which transactions get included. Steven Smith: To implement PBH, our collaborations integrated the Reth execution client to modify the block-building process. PBH transactions carry a special payload that includes a World ID proof, ensuring that a transaction comes from a verified human. This mechanism enables priority inclusion of human transactions while maintaining decentralization and security. 4. Ishan Pandey: With World Chain now live on mainnet, how does your system handle a high volume of transactions while ensuring that verified humans aren’t outpaced by automated systems? What optimizations were key to achieving this balance? Steven Smith: The core optimization is reserving a portion of every block specifically for human transactions. These transactions are prioritized at the top of each block, ensuring timely processing and insulation from bidding wars. Automated systems, particularly bots, operate with economic incentives, often paying high fees to secure priority inclusion. Without intervention, human users would face rising costs and delays. Steven Smith: PBH eliminates this problem by guaranteeing a set amount of blockspace for human-verified transactions, ensuring they remain affordable and accessible regardless of network congestion. Additionally, verified users benefit from a gas allowance, helping to cover the cost of casual transactions and ensuring affordability for everyday users. Casual transactions make up a majority of activity on World Chain, and this is what makes the network unique. We are bringing all people onchain, not just power users. 5. Ishan Pandey: PBH and World ID have the potential to act as a global “blue check mark” for AI-driven services. How do these technologies enable safe and fair integration with other blockchains or platforms, and what impact do you foresee on the broader ecosystem? Steven Smith: PBH was designed with a specific application in mind – ensuring a special class of service for humans on World Chain. However, the underlying architecture is highly modular and can be adapted by other chains and platforms. The PBH code is open-source, allowing any blockchain to implement similar human-prioritized transaction mechanisms. Steven Smith: World ID functions as a global “blue checkmark” for unique humanness, providing a way to distinguish real users from automated entities across AI-driven services. In addition, it empowers users by allowing AI agents acting on their behalf to inherit the same verified privileges. The open-source nature of World ID ensures it can propagate across other chains and applications, further solidifying its role in civil resistance and human verification. Examples of World ID integrations include apps and services like Minecraft, Reddit, Telegram, Shopify, and Mercado Libre, as well as blockchain projects like DRiP, DSCVR, Galxe, and more. Most recently, World announced a global partnership with gaming company Razer to launch ‘Razer ID Verified by World ID,’ a secure, single sign-on proof of human technology designed to create a safer and more authentic gaming environment. These integrations demonstrate World ID’s growing role as a trust layer across Web3, AI-driven platforms, and beyond. 6. Ishan Pandey: Looking ahead, what technical advancements are next for the World project? How do you plan to further enhance human agency and tackle challenges like deepfakes, scams, and agent swarms in trust-first AI ecosystems? Steven Smith: We are continuing to develop innovative mechanisms to enhance human agency onchain. One major initiative is expanding the gas allowance for verified human users to cover a portion of their onchain activities, minimizing the friction of interacting with blockchain applications. We are also exploring new fee market structures to further insulate verified human transactions from volatility. Steven Smith: Beyond blockchain transactions, we’re actively working on technologies to combat deepfakes, scams, and agent swarms. This includes expanding World ID Credentials and developing World ID Deep Face, a tool designed to combat deepfakes in real-time video and chat interactions. Ultimately, our goal is to build a blockchain ecosystem that prioritizes human agency, ensuring that individuals remain at the center of digital trust and economic participation. Don’t forget to like and share the story! Vested Interest Disclosure: This author is an independent contributor publishing via our business blogging program. HackerNoon has reviewed the report for quality, but the claims herein belong to the author. #DYO Vested Interest Disclosure: This author is an independent contributor publishing via our business blogging program. HackerNoon has reviewed the report for quality, but the claims herein belong to the author. #DYO Vested Interest Disclosure: business blogging program business blogging program

How World Chain Ensures Humans Stay in Control: The Blockchain Built for Verified Humans

كيف تضمن سلسلة العالم بقاء البشر في السيطرة: بلوكتشين مصممة للبشر المعتمدين

Як World Chain гарантуе, што людзі застаюцца пад кантролем: блокчейн, створаны для правераных людзей

Jak světový řetězec zajišťuje, aby lidé zůstali pod kontrolou: Blockchain vytvořený pro ověřené lidi

Cómo World Chain garantiza que los humanos mantengan el control: la blockchain diseñada para humanos verificados

Como a cadea mundial garante que os humanos manteñan o control: a cadea de bloques creada para humanos verificados

वर्ल्ड चेन कैसे सुनिश्चित करता है कि मनुष्य नियंत्रण में रहें: सत्यापित मनुष्यों के लिए निर्मित ब्लॉकचेन

World Chain が人間による制御を確保する方法: 認証された人間向けに構築されたブロックチェーン

World Chain이 인간이 통제권을 유지할 수 있도록 보장하는 방법: 검증된 인간을 위해 구축된 블록체인

Как World Chain обеспечивает людям контроль: блокчейн, созданный для проверенных людей

Hur World Chain säkerställer att människor håller kontrollen: Blockchain byggd för verifierade människor

உலகச் சங்கிலி மனிதர்கள் கட்டுப்பாட்டில் இருப்பதை எவ்வாறு உறுதி செய்கிறது: சரிபார்க்கப்பட்ட மனிதர்களுக்காக உருவாக்கப்பட்ட பிளாக்செயின்

Чӣ гуна занҷири ҷаҳонӣ одамонро дар назорат нигоҳ медорад: Блокчейн барои одамони тасдиқшуда сохта шудааст

Table of Links Abstract and 1. Introduction Abstract and 1. Introduction 2 Think-and-Execute 2 Think-and-Execute 3 Experimental Setup 3 Experimental Setup 4 Results 4 Results 5 Analysis 5 Analysis 6 Related Work 6 Related Work 7 Limitations and Discussion 7 Limitations and Discussion 8 Conclusion and References 8 Conclusion and References A Experimental Details A Experimental Details B Details of Think-and-Execute B Details of Think-and-Execute C Prompts Used in Our Experiments C Prompts Used in Our Experiments D Human-written Pseudocode Prompts D Human-written Pseudocode Prompts E Generated Analyses E Generated Analyses F Generated Pseudocode Prompts F Generated Pseudocode Prompts G Qualitative Analysis G Qualitative Analysis 6 Related Work Chain-of-Thought prompting. Chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting evokes LMs to generate intermediate reasoning steps that guide and explain the solution (Wei et al., 2022; Wang et al., 2022; Wu et al., 2023). One common paradigm of this is zero-shot CoT prompting (Kojima et al., 2022). Without specifically designed question-explanation-answer triplets as demonstrations, zero-shot CoT prompting elicits a plausible reasoning path towards the final answer with simple instruction, such as ”Let’s think step-by-step”, eliciting better model performance in tasks that require multi-step reasoning. Chain-of-Thought prompting. ”Let’s think step-by-step” In the context of improving zero-shot CoT, Wang et al. (2023) propose to first generate a plan breaking down the target task into smaller subtasks, and then solve each subtask according to the plan. Similar to our approach, a concurrent work (Zhou et al., 2024) devises a task-level reasoning structure that can be applied to each instance (question) of the target task. The most significant distinction between these prior studies and ours is that our THINK-AND-EXECUTE adopts pseudocode (as opposed to natural language) to express the necessary logic for solving the task. We demonstrate that our task-level pseudocode prompt empowers LMs with better ability of zero-shot reasoning than natural language plans under various settings in Section 5. pseudocode Incorporation of code in reasoning. With unambiguous syntaxe and strict structure, programming languages such as Python have been applied to LLM-based systems to improve system performance in solving tasks. For instance, Gao et al. (2023) and (Chen et al., 2023) use LLMs to generate Python code for given mathematical questions, and run the generated code on external compilers to obtain/calculate the answers. Concurrently with our work, Li et al. (2023) present chain-of-code (CoC), where pseudocode is also incorporated along with the Python code for solving a given question (instance). While this approach generates instance-specific code as intermediate reasoning steps for each individual instance, our THINK-AND-EXECUTE, by contrast, focus on the task-level pseudocode prompt that can be applied to all instances. We compare CoC and THINK-AND-EXECUTE in Section 4. Incorporation of code in reasoning. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED license. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED license. available on arxiv Authors:
(1) Hyungjoo Chae, Yonsei University;
(2) Yeonghyeon Kim, Yonsei University;
(3) Seungone Kim, KAIST AI;
(4) Kai Tzu-iunn Ong, Yonsei University;
(5) Beong-woo Kwak, Yonsei University;
(6) Moohyeon Kim, Yonsei University;
(7) Seonghwan Kim, Yonsei University;
(8) Taeyoon Kwon, Yonsei University;
(9) Jiwan Chung, Yonsei University;
(10) Youngjae Yu, Yonsei University;
(11) Jinyoung Yeo, Yonsei University. Authors: Authors: (1) Hyungjoo Chae, Yonsei University; (2) Yeonghyeon Kim, Yonsei University; (3) Seungone Kim, KAIST AI; (4) Kai Tzu-iunn Ong, Yonsei University; (5) Beong-woo Kwak, Yonsei University; (6) Moohyeon Kim, Yonsei University; (7) Seonghwan Kim, Yonsei University; (8) Taeyoon Kwon, Yonsei University; (9) Jiwan Chung, Yonsei University; (10) Youngjae Yu, Yonsei University; (11) Jinyoung Yeo, Yonsei University.

What Is Chain-of-Thought Prompting?

How Custom Web Apps Are Driving Innovation in Supply Chain Management

For a chance to win from 15,000 USDT in prizes, the Spacecoin Writing Contest challenges writers, web3 builders, and crypto natives to explore how the Creditcoin Blockchain solves real-world problems and builds trust in on-chain lending. Below is a list of questions to help you get started on your entry. You can answer them HERE. How Does Creditcoin Create Trust in On-Chain Lending Ecosystems? 1. Introduction What is on-chain lending?
What trust and security challenges do decentralized lending platforms face?
How does Creditcoin solve these challenges? 2. The Risks of On-Chain Lending What risks do borrowers and lenders face in on-chain lending ecosystems?
How does Creditcoin mitigate these risks? 3. Building Trust with Creditcoin How does Creditcoin establish trust between lenders and borrowers in decentralized ecosystems?
How does Creditcoin’s credit history system help establish trust?
How does the protocol ensure that all transactions are secure and verifiable? 4. Scaling Credit and Lending Solutions What scalability problems do traditional credit systems have?
How does Creditcoin scale to support more users and transactions?
How does Creditcoin enable cross-border lending for global access? 5. What’s Next? How could Creditcoin shape the future of Defi?
What impact could Creditcoin have on the broader financial ecosystem, including underserved markets? Ready to get Started? Start a draft or use this template to enter! Submissions for Round 1 close on April 7, 2025. If you’d like to participate in the Spacecoin Writing Contest but feel this template isn’t right for you, feel free to explore any of the other contest tags:

#decentralized-internet
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#gluwa For a chance to win from 15,000 USDT in prizes, the Spacecoin Writing Contest challenges writers, web3 builders, and crypto natives to explore how the Creditcoin Blockchain solves real-world problems and builds trust in on-chain lending. For a chance to win from 15,000 USDT in prizes, the Spacecoin Writing Contest challenges writers, web3 builders, and crypto natives to explore how the Creditcoin Blockchain solves real-world problems and builds trust in on-chain lending. 15,000 USDT Spacecoin Writing Contest Spacecoin Writing Contest Below is a list of questions to help you get started on your entry. You can answer them HERE. Below is a list of questions to help you get started on your entry. You can answer them HERE . HERE How Does Creditcoin Create Trust in On-Chain Lending Ecosystems? 1. Introduction What is on-chain lending?
What trust and security challenges do decentralized lending platforms face?
How does Creditcoin solve these challenges? What is on-chain lending? What trust and security challenges do decentralized lending platforms face? How does Creditcoin solve these challenges? What is on-chain lending? What trust and security challenges do decentralized lending platforms face? How does Creditcoin solve these challenges? 2. The Risks of On-Chain Lending What risks do borrowers and lenders face in on-chain lending ecosystems?
How does Creditcoin mitigate these risks? What risks do borrowers and lenders face in on-chain lending ecosystems? How does Creditcoin mitigate these risks? What risks do borrowers and lenders face in on-chain lending ecosystems? How does Creditcoin mitigate these risks? 3. Building Trust with Creditcoin How does Creditcoin establish trust between lenders and borrowers in decentralized ecosystems?
How does Creditcoin’s credit history system help establish trust?
How does the protocol ensure that all transactions are secure and verifiable? How does Creditcoin establish trust between lenders and borrowers in decentralized ecosystems? How does Creditcoin’s credit history system help establish trust? How does the protocol ensure that all transactions are secure and verifiable? How does Creditcoin establish trust between lenders and borrowers in decentralized ecosystems? How does Creditcoin’s credit history system help establish trust? How does the protocol ensure that all transactions are secure and verifiable? 4. Scaling Credit and Lending Solutions 4. Scaling Credit and Lending Solutions What scalability problems do traditional credit systems have?
How does Creditcoin scale to support more users and transactions?
How does Creditcoin enable cross-border lending for global access? What scalability problems do traditional credit systems have? How does Creditcoin scale to support more users and transactions? How does Creditcoin enable cross-border lending for global access? What scalability problems do traditional credit systems have? How does Creditcoin scale to support more users and transactions? How does Creditcoin enable cross-border lending for global access? 5. What’s Next? How could Creditcoin shape the future of Defi?
What impact could Creditcoin have on the broader financial ecosystem, including underserved markets? How could Creditcoin shape the future of Defi? What impact could Creditcoin have on the broader financial ecosystem, including underserved markets? How could Creditcoin shape the future of Defi? What impact could Creditcoin have on the broader financial ecosystem, including underserved markets? Ready to get Started? Start a draft or use this template to enter! Submissions for Round 1 close on April 7, 2025. Start a draft or use this template to enter! Submissions for Round 1 close on April 7, 2025. Start a draft or use this template to enter! Submissions for Round 1 close on April 7, 2025. draft draft template If you’d like to participate in the Spacecoin Writing Contest but feel this template isn’t right for you, feel free to explore any of the other contest tags: #decentralized-internet
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Want to Win From 15,000 USDT? Tell Us How Creditcoin is Building Trust in On-Chain Lending

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