The video is originally from 2016, and shows Hadid speak about her challenges growing up with Lyme disease.

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By Archis Chowdhury An old video showing fireworks exploding in a crowd of people is being falsely shared with the claim that it shows pro-Palestine protesters trying to storm the Israeli consulate in Istanbul.

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Apart from Dotasra, a former minister for school education, the ED also searched the premises of a party candidate from Mahua seat in Dausa, Omprakash Hudla, and some others, official sources said

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Enforcement agencies seized Rs 375.61 crore (Rs 3.7561 billion) worth of goods, including Rs 96.6 crore (Rs 966 million) worth of jewellery and precious metals and Rs 147.46 crore (Rs 1.4746 billion) worth of cash between March 29 and May 8, 2023. In 2018, enforcement agencies seized goods worth Rs 83.93 crore (Rs 839.3 million).

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The trend has continued, with the seizures spiking significantly in the poll-bound Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Telangana and Chhattisgarh after the model code of conduct kicked in on October 9

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Naveen Patnaik is known as an "absentee landlord" who needs bureaucrats like Pandian to run his government, reports Archis Mohan. On Tuesday, October 24, 2023, V Karthikeyan Pandian joined the growing list of former Indian Administrative Service officers of the Odisha cadre who have emerged as crucial players in the coastal state's politics.

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V Karthikeyan Pandian joined the growing list of former Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officers of its Odisha cadre who have emerged as crucial players in the coastal state's politics. Others on the list are Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) Lok Sabha member Aparajita Sarangi,

V Karthikeyan Pandian: From bureaucrat to Cabinet minister in 24 hours

Archis

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Decentralized Finance or DeFi is a form of blockchain-based finance that offers financial services without any central intermediaries. What used to be a niche ecosystem with a TVL of less than $100 Million in the year 2017 grew to over $200 Billion at the peak of the last bull run in 2022. TVL or Total Value Locked is the value of the crypto assets locked in a DeFi smart contract. - Source The flip side of the tremendous growth is that it has become a honeypot for some of the most sophisticated hackers across the world. Billions of dollars have been lost to security vulnerabilities and economic failures. If you are a crypto believer, you can’t ignore the movement of Decentralized Finance. While the ecosystem is too nascent for us to identify all potential risks, a look at the DeFi stack can help us understand the different ways things can break and thus inform how we can go about participating in the ecosystem. None of what follows is financial advice. Neither will I claim to be an exhaustive list of risks in DeFi. Treat it more as a starting point and a framework for identifying different risks that may exist in a DeFi Investment Approach. The DeFi Stack We can look at the DeFi ecosystem as a combination of the following five layers. All DeFi protocols are deployed on a blockchain network. The blockchain network provides the computational platform for the execution of the smart contracts that power the DeFi service. Blockchain Networks - The tokens are the underlying assets that are used by the protocol to deliver a service. A Lending Protocol might enable the lending and borrowing of a particular crypto token to be used by traders as a form of leverage. A Decentralized Exchange might have a pool that allows users to swap one token for another. Crypto Tokens - DeFi Protocols are open-source computer programs that run on blockchain networks and provide financial services. Protocol - These are the web interfaces that users use to interact with the DeFi Protocols. Some wallets such as , , and offer in wallet integrations with Protocols too directly from the mobile. dApp Interface - Argent Coinbase Brew Money Cryptocurrency wallets hold the private keys that allow users to make payments, deploy and withdraw funds from defi protocols, and more. Wallets - Risks in Blockchain Network Layer Unlike popular perception, blockchains are not infallible. Security vulnerabilities can allow malicious actors to siphon off funds or take over control of the network. The 51% Attack A 51% Attack on a Blockchain Network is a scenario where one single entity or group has control over 50% of the network hash rate. The implication of this is that the group can censor transactions, and reorder and rewrite blocks leading to where a network participant can spend/utilize the same asset multiple times. double spending "Hashrate" refers to the total combined computational power that is being used to mine and process transactions on a Proof-of-Work blockchain, such as . - Bitcoin Source A 51% attack while complex and expensive to pull off is a risk that even mature blockchain networks such as Bitcoin have had to face at some point in time. Bitcoin’s reckoning with 51% Attack In 2014, ghash.io, a popular bitcoin mining pool for a brief duration of 24-48 hours had over 51% of Bitcoin’s hash rate. While GHash didn’t demonstrate any signs of malicious intent, it did raise debates on how bitcoin can avoid such scenarios of a pool or entity taking over 51% of the network’s hash rate. In this particular case, miners from the pool volunteered to move away from ghash. Moreover, ghash publicly vowed to limit its hash rate to 40% of the network’s hash rate. A is the pooling of resources by miners, who share their over a network, to split the reward equally, according to the amount of work they contributed to the probability of finding a . - mining pool processing power block Source Bitcoin hash rate is more widely distributed today. For instance, the last days of data for blocks mined look like the following. The largest mining pool makes up for 19% of the network’s hashrate. Pools Blocks % Unknown 259 41% AntPool 117 19% F2Pool 104 17% ViaBTC 55 9% Poolin 53 8% SlushPool 29 5% SBI 7 1% Solo 1 0% 51% Attacks on Ethereum Classic Ethereum Classic blockchain came into being after the infamous . It has a market cap of over $4 Billion. In August 2020 Ethereum Classic was and over $5 Million were siphoned off from the network through double-spending. The DAO Hack attacked three times Vulnerabilities in Blockchain Network Eventually, blockchain networks are powered by code and code can be buggy. In August 2010 an anonymous hacker was able to exploit a bug to . Bitcoin supply is supposed to be capped at 21 Million. The anomaly was detected by the Bitcoin community soon. Satoshi Nakamoto coded up a fix for the issue and rolled it out within 5 hours that soft forked the network to state before the faulty block was mined. create 184 Billion Bitcoin In technology, a soft fork is a change to the software protocol where only previously valid transaction blocks are made invalid. Because old nodes will recognize the new blocks as valid, a soft fork is backwards-compatible. This kind of fork requires only a majority of the miners upgrading to enforce the new rules. - blockchain Source In the recent past, Polygon, one of the leading scaling solutions for Ethereum and a sidechain, worth $ 2 million to a hack. Two white hat hackers reported the vulnerability and Polygon rolled out a fix within 48 hours. Polygon Foundation covered the money lost and paid out a sum of $3.5 Million in bounty to the two white hat hackers. lost over 800K Matic The Volatility in Crypto Assets Every asset class has inherent volatility. Crypto Assets more so. In stock markets, a 1% dip makes headlines and is reported as a crash. In crypto markets, it is fairly common to see such fluctuations in prices multiple times in a month. The above graph shows the trend of Bitcoin price volatility over time. While it may seem that over the years, the volatility is reducing a bit, but still, 5% up and down swings are not that uncommon. Volatility refers to . - Investopedia the amount of uncertainty or risk related to the size of changes in a security's value = Standard Deviation of the last 30 percentage changes in Total Return Price * Square-root of number of trading days 30-Day Rolling Volatility Token prices are a function of market perception. The perception can be based on how the specific project is doing or it can be more macro as in where the overall market is headed. For instance, the crypto market still has a very high correlation with bitcoin price. Whenever bitcoin price dips, we see people liquidating their other crypto assets bringing down the overall market. This is understandable considering even now bitcoin makes up almost 40% of the total crypto market. Earlier this year, in May, 2022 a wiped off $ 40 Billion from the market. Anchor Protocol was one of the most popular lending protocols on Luna that offered ~20% APY on US Terra Stablecoin deposits. While the protocol itself worked as it was supposed to, a known economical weakness in Luna ecosystem led to US Terra losing its peg to US Dollar. bank run on US Terra Stablecoin 1 US Terra = 3 cents as of now The Fault in the Protocols Security breaches, code exploits, and flash loan attacks led to the loss of billions of dollars in DeFi. As per , over $ 1.3 Billion were stolen in the first 3 months of 2022. Chainanalysis Security Breaches are instances when a hacker gains control of the private key or keys of wallets that have admin controls over the protocol. [The Ronin Hack](https://medium.com/uno-re/biggest-crypto-hack-of-all-time-a-breakdown-of-the-ronin-network-hack-ef8d9e25ba6b#:\~:text=The attacker discovered a backdoor,them using the stolen keys.) is one of the largest hacks in DeFi where allegedly a North Korean Hacking Group stole over $ 600 Million worth crypto tokens. Ronin is an Ethereum Sidechain developed and operated by Sky Mavis to support their popular play-2-earn game, Axie Infinity. Ronin Network has nine validators to process the transactions and as long as the majority of them approve a transaction it goes through. The catch was that the nine keys were controlled by just two entities. Sky Mavis had 4 keys and Axie DAO 5. However, Axie DAO had earlier provided Sky Mavis with access to sign transactions on its behalf for a short-term period. The access was never revoked. This miss allowed hackers to gain access to the majority of the keys and process the transactions. Code Exploits are faults in smart contracts that allow a hacker to siphon off funds. The where $610 Million worth of crypto assets were hacked ( ) is one of the largest hacks that happened due to code exploits. Polynetwork hack and later returned Polynetwork is a protocol that enables cross-chain assets transfer. In this particular case, the hacker was able to figure out a way to invoke a restricted smart contract that enabled them to take control of the wallets that held assets managed by Polynetwork and transfer them to a wallet they controlled. Frontend and DNS Exploits Users interact with DeFi protocols by connecting their wallet to a protocol through a web interface. In May 2022 a hacker was able to leverage a vulnerability in the DNS to inject a malicious smart contract on the , a leading DeFi protocol on Cronos chain, and diverted over $2 Million to their wallet. web interface for mm.finance The (i.e., “DNS”) is responsible for translating domain names into a specific IP address so that the initiating client can load the requested Internet resources. The domain name system works much like a phone book where users can search for a requested person and retrieve their phone number. - [Learn more](https://www.infoblox.com/glossary/domain-name-system-dns/#:~:text=The%20domain%20name%20system%20(i.e.,and%20retrieve%20their%20phone%20number.) domain name system Losing Private keys or Seed Phrase Cryptocurrency Wallets store the public key and the private key. The private key is used to access the fund and transfer them. The public key is your address. Private Keys or the more popular seed phrase where a 12 - 24 words phrase is used to generate the private keys. If a hacker is able to access your seed phrase or your wallet’s private keys, they can take over your assets. Malicious software on your computer or mobile, or phishing attacks that trick users into sharing their seed phrase on a website are some of the common ways in which hackers gain access to their seed phrase and steal assets in your wallet. In April 2022 an iPhone in his wallet when a hacker pretending to be an Apple representative tricked the user to share a secure code that was sent to the user’s number and use that to hack into their iCloud Account. From there on, they were able to access the user’s wallet seed phrase user lost crypto and NFTs Navigating DeFi Safely It is essential to practice caution when navigating DeFi considering the different risks that exist in the stack. As you delve into the DeFi Ecosystem, choosing the right platforms and ecosystems for your risk tolerance is a critical step. A few things to look for Track record How long has the blockchain or protocols been in existence? How have they performed in volatile market conditions? What has been the TVL's growth over time? What is the caliber of the core team working on the protocol or chain? Independent Audits Has it gone through independent security audits? How robust are their processes? Here processes can range from their development activities, and security practices, to taking key decisions with community participation Liquidity How much liquidity the asset or the protocol has? This is especially critical in selecting an asset or protocol. Low liquidity can translate to higher risks. How much AUM does the DAOs’Community’s treasury have? A lot of products have emerged that help with such research. A few of them are , , and . Beyond this, there are a few things you can do as a user that can ensure the safety of your funds DeFiLllama DeFi Safety Exponential Finance Maintain Wallet Hygiene Don’t hold all your assets in a single wallet. Use a Hardware Wallet Never share your seed phrase or private key online or offline Maintain multiple backups of your seed phrase Ensure safety in the devices where your wallets reside, desktop, mobile, or browser. Be cautious about the dApps you’re interacting with and the kind of permissions you are allowing. Do a regular audit of the funds You can do all of these yet, if the dapp or protocol you interact with has been hacked, you can end up losing your funds. Stay aware of the happenings in the chain, assets, and protocols you use. You can use twitter for that. Stay Informed - Despite these risks, DeFi presents multiple opportunities for early adopters to not only grow their crypto assets but also get familiar with an emerging phenomenon that will reimagine how financial services are delivered in the coming years. I’m the co-founder of where our goal is to make Defi accessible for everyone. Brew Money is a Non-Custodial Polygon Wallet that makes it simple for non-power users to earn yield on their crypto through blue chip DeFi protocols with self-custody. Brew Money

The Risks in DeFi Stack

The first decade in crypto (2009-19) saw people primarily speculate or invest in different crypto assets. The second witnessed the emergence of Centralized and Decentralized Finance platforms that enable people to earn yield on their crypto assets. Consumers flocked to these platforms to grow their existing crypto portfolio and at times as an alternative to their traditional banking accounts. However, the implosions in the crypto ecosystem that started with the collapse Luna ecosystem and grew to multiple Centralized Finance players such as and filing for bankruptcy has shaken consumer confidence. What happened over the last few months is unfortunate. But, it also highlights the need for a better understanding of how these yields are generated and the risks they entail. Celsius Network Voyager There are primarily three activities that lead to yield generation Lending and Borrowing Providing capital protections against financial risks Providing capital to enable a service Lending and Borrowing People borrow to acquire an asset ( ), fund an upskilling activity ( ), or finance a consumer purchase ( ). Businesses borrow to meet short-term capital requirements such as payroll or expand their business activities such as setting up a new factory. Traders, both retail and institutions, borrow to get leverage. home mortgages education loans smartphone financing is the use of debt (borrowed capital) in order to undertake an investment or project. The result is to multiply the potential returns from a project. - Leverage Investopedia The reasons people borrow crypto are similar in nature to that in real-world economy albeit a lot of borrowing activity is co-related with the current market sentiments in crypto. Crypto Miners and Validators use their crypto assets to take out loans in stablecoins to fund the expansion of their computational infrastructure. Individuals have used their crypto assets as collateral to fund unexpected short-term expenses. However, borrowing crypto assets as leverage remains one of the largest use cases of crypto lending. Using leverage to multiple potential returns Let's say you have 1 ETH and the price of ETH right now is $1000. You think by next month 1 ETH will be $1500 and you can sell your 1ETH to make a $500 profit. Now, you can borrow say $500 from an institution for say 48% APR. You can take the loan buy 0.5 ETH, and make an additional $230 profit ($250 by selling additional 0.5 ETH and paying back $20 of interest on the loan) What kind of trades have demand for leverage Asymmetric Directional Bets An asymmetric bet is a trade where the potential upside is significantly higher than the downside. Let's say there is an asset with the current price of $1000. There is a 10% probability that in a year it can go to $100K and a 90% probability of slipping to $500. The risk-adjusted potential upside for a unit of the asset is $9K of profit vs $450 loss. Market Neutral Strategies These are trading strategies where the returns are independent of the market's direction. It involves opening a long and a short position simultaneously to take advantage of inefficient pricing. The term describes what an investor has purchased when they buy a security or derivative with the expectation that it will rise in value. - long position Investopedia A short, or a short position, is created when a trader sells security first with the intention of repurchasing it or covering it later at a lower price. - Investopedia Basis trading is a common market-neutral strategy used in crypto. In this, a trader takes a long position in a crypto token and a short position in its derivatives such as futures or perpetual swaps. For instance, the current price of a token on June 30, 2022 is $20K. The futures for the token to be settled in September 2022 is $25K. A trader can purchase the token and then short sell the equivalent amount on the futures for September locking the $5K profit. Of course the trade doesn’t work if the spot price of the token goes higher than $25K. Futures are financial contracts that obligate parties to buy or sell an asset at a predetermined future date and price. The buyer must purchase or the seller must sell the underlying asset at the set price, regardless of the current market price at the expiration date. - derivative Investopedia Arbitrage Arbitrage is buying a security in one market and simultaneously selling it in another at a higher price, profiting from the temporary difference in prices. As compared to traditional financial markets, crypto is still nascent and evolving. This presents multiple arbitrage opportunities in the ecosystem. For instance, up until a couple of months back before the Luna Crash, it was possible to borrow USDC, DAI, or USDT from a protocol like Compound for sub-5 % APR, swap it for US Terra and lend it on Anchor Protocol to earn 20% APR. How Lending is Facilitated To lend money, you need a counterparty who is interested in borrowing from you. This requires match-making between lenders and borrowers. The first attempts at enabling lending in DeFi took an approach of Peer-2-peer matchmaking. Peer-to-peer matchmaking is a hard problem to solve. You need both parties to agree on multiple parameters such as duration, interest, and the time when somebody wants to lend and another entity wants to borrow. The pre-cursor to Aave called ETHLend took this approach. The next generation took Peer-to-pool-to-peer Lending approach. Depositors’ funds were put into a pool through smart contracts and on the other end borrowers would take out loans. This is the prevalent mode of lending and borrowing in crypto today. CeFi has systems and processes to enable different safety constructs whereas in DeFi aspects such as how much liquidity should be maintained in a pool and what should be the interest rate is managed through smart contracts. Providing Protection Against Risks Insurance is one of the most common forms of such activity. An entity promises to pay you an amount X in case an event A happens in exchange for you paying a premium of amount Y at regular intervals. e.g. Life Insurance, Luggage Loss Insurance etc. The insurance provider calculates the probability of the event happening across a population and then arrives at a premium. For instance, a life insurance provider is unlikely to be in a situation where the majority of its customers face the insured event at the same time. Of course, this doesn’t necessarily remain true in all circumstances. Insurance in DeFi is the primary way through which a mitigation action is to be taken in event of a shortfall. This module acts as insurance for the depositors in case short fall event where a pool becomes imbalanced due to a crash in the market and the prices of collaterals going below the total deposits.AAVE token holders are incentivized to lock in their tokens into the pool in exchange for receiving rewards for doing so. AAVE Safety Module Shoftfall is defined as a situation where the protocol has more liabilities than deposits. Thus, AAVE token holders are rewarded for providing protection against the risk of bad loans. Writing Options An is is an agreement between two parties to buy or sell an asset at a predetermined future date for a specific price where the buyer side of the contract has an option but not necessarily an obligation to execute the contract. options contract For e.g. Let’s say you hold an asset A and expect the price to go up. But you would like to hedge your risk in case markets start crashing. You can buy a Put Option (an option to sell the stock) expiring on a certain date. If the market doesn’t crash, you can skip exercising the option. But if it does, you would have been able to limit your losses. DeFi Protocols such as make it simpler to earn yield from structured products such as Options. Ribbon Finance Providing Capital to Enable a Service This is when your capital enables a service that otherwise would not have been possible. For instance, Decentralized Exchanges are built on two constructs - Liquidity Pools and Automated Market Makers. A liquidity pool is a set of digital tokens locked by users into a smart contract that enables trading on a decentralized exchange. Automated Market Maker algorithms decide the price at which a trade should execute on the DEX based on the ratio of the two assets in the pool. Liquidity Providers earn a portion of the trading fees in return for providing liquidity that enables the operation of trading on the exchange. Similarly, blockchain networks that follow a Proof-of-Stake consensus mechanism require validators or block creators to explicitly stake capital which can be penalized if they behave maliciously or lazily. Hence, in such scenarios users provide capital to ensure the safety of the blockchain network, and in return for that, they earn a percentage of the transaction fees generated on the network. Crypto Yield Instruments will continue to proliferate. However, a deeper look should be able to unveil how these opportunities are generating yield. An understanding of the source of the yield will also shed more light on the sustainability of the yield and the risks it entails. I’m the co-founder of where our goal is to make Defi accessible for everyone. Brew Money is a Non-Custodial Polygon Wallet that makes it simple for non-power users to earn yield on their crypto through blue chip DeFi protocols with self-custody. Brew Money References - By Julian Koh Where does yield come from, anyway? - By Ming Zhao Where does yield in crypto come from? - By Su Zhu and Hasu Where do the yields come from in crypto?

How Are Crypto Yields Generated?

This is the second part of You can find the first part here: The Lay of the Cryptoland. The Lay of the Cryptoland - Part I: Coins, Wallets, and Exchanges While the last few years have seen scorching growth in cryptocurrency adoption, most of the mainstream attention and participation has been around speculative trading with different crypto tokens. This is illustrated by the Google Search trend comparison shared below. These are still early days. Probably, the crypto phenomenon that comes close to the interest in is NFTs in recent times. However, a lot of interesting developments have happened over the last few years, that gives us a glimpse of how the future may pan out. bitcoin prices NFTs or Non-Fungible Tokens fungible (of goods contracted for without an individual specimen being specified) replaceable by another identical item; mutually interchangeable. NFTs represent a unique crypto token which either has no replicas or a limited set of replicas. They are called nonfungible as, unlike a bitcoin or ether, you can’t replace an NFT with another one. For instance, the header image in this post is an NFT minted by Only 399 of them were minted and airdropped to people across the internet. Similar to a crypto token, the ownership of an NFT is recorded on the Blockchain and it can be transferred to another person in the same way you would transfer a cryptocurrency. Todd & Rahul's Angel Fund. , the largest NFT marketplace, has already done volumes worth $10 Billion in its last 4 years of existence. which is a blockchain equivalent of collectible sells short videos ownerships from key moments in NBA and has done close to $726 Million of sales since its launch in late 2020. NFTs hit a high point when famous digital artist, Beeple, auctioned for $69 Million as an NFT earlier this year. Opensea NBATopshot Everyday: the First 5000 Days For someone who grew up on pirated movies and music 🙈 it was initially daunting for me to understand the allure of NFTs. While there is still a lot for me to comprehend, there are two things that I find interesting. One, in its current form at least, NFTs act as a signaling tool for what tribe you belong to. Each NFT collections have an associated community of followers on discord with their own personality and style. The second aspect that I find interesting is having a programmable on-chain representation of ownership can lead to some interesting usecases. Today NFTs act as a record of ownership of digital assets. But, there had been outlier cases too where NFTs had been used to represent ownership of an asset in the real world too. Techcrunch founder Michael Arrington famously sold an apartment he owned in Kyiv, Ukraine through an NFT. P2E or Play-to-earn Games In 2017, launched , a blockchain-based game where players buy, sell, breed, and collect virtual cats. Each cat was unique and sold as an NFT. Players had custody of the cat once they bought it and even the game developers can’t control it. It got so popular that at a point in time they accounted for 25% of the traffic in Ethereum. Dapper Labs Cryptokitties Blockchain Games are different in the way that the rules of the game are coded in smart contracts and executed on the blockchain instead of centralized servers and the game’s artifacts such as player avatars, collectibles, etc. are distributed as NFTs. Blockchain solves a critical part of gaming dynamics which is enabling players to actually own the artifacts they have gained by spending time playing the game and leveling up their skills and getting economic benefits out of it. has emerged as a leading blockchain game. As of August 2021, it had north of 1.8 Million Users and a daily sales volume of $33 Million. Axie Infinity is a game similar to Pokemon where you buy and breed characters called Axies that battle environment monsters (PvE) and other players (PvP). Users earn gaming tokens and collectibles playing the games. The AXS token is the governance token and the SLP token is used for in-game mechanics. Axie Infinity In the Philippines, where Axie Infinity has 60% of its user base, people made their living expenses playing the game through COVID. P2E is an interesting phenomenon that changes game economics significantly enabling the development of a virtual economy and empowering users to take advantage of it. Decentralized Finance (DeFi) Decentralized Finance as the name suggests is a blockchain-based form of finance that does not have any central intermediaries such as banks or exchanges. Instead, it utilizes smart contracts to power different financial use cases such as lending and borrowing, trading, etc. has the largest DeFi ecosystem with total value locked (TVL) north of $100 Billion. ( ), , , and are some of the other blockchain networks with growing DeFi ecosystem. Ethereum Polygon An Ethereum Sidechain Binance Smart Chain Solana Avalanche MakerDAO was founded by Rune Christensen in 2014. It is credited as one of the pioneers in Decentralized Finance. MakerDAO uses a mechanism of overcollateralised loans and repayment process to issue a Stablecoin called DAI. Stablecoins are cryptocurrencies that maintains a one to one peg with a fiat currency. DAI, USDC, and USDT are few examples of Stablecoins pegged to US Dollar. MakerDAO has a TVL of $18 Billion. People can use Ethereum and ERC-20 tokens such as Chainlink (LINK), Matic (MATIC), and Yearn (YFI) to take out loans in DAI. For instance, a user can take out a loan of $1000 by putting in a collateral of $1450. Ether has a collateralisation ratio of 145% as of now. If the price of the underlying collateral goes down, below a certain threshold the protocol starts liquidating the collateral to minimise risk against the loans. is the largest Decentralised Exchange. It was launched on November 2, 2018 on Ethereum Mainnet. Uniswap The story of Uniswap founding is itself very interesting ( ) starting with the founder Hayden Adams, a Mechanical Engineer who got laid off from his job at Siemmens. Hayden got a small grant from Ethereum and started working on Uniswap learning programming on the way. and  inspiring A Decentralized Exchange unlike a traditional centralised exchange utilizes a construct called to enable trading. Liquidity providers contribute pairs of tokens into the pools which are then utilized by traders for completing trading transactions. The fees generated in return is passed on to the people who provided liquidity of the exchange. Liquidity Pools Uniswap today does close to $3.5 Billion of trading volumes every day. For comparison, Coinbase does close to $7 Billion in 24 hours. Crypto traders prefer decentralised exchanges for its low fees and extensive range of tokens.Decentralised Exchange by design being permissionless enables listing of any tokens and participation from traders and liquidity providers across the world. Onwards When compared to the total art industry, gaming industry, or the traditional finance market size, NFTs and Decentralized Apps still make a very small size of it. But at the pace it is growing, it is evident that they will play a very crucial role in the future we are headed towards. Blockchain creates a borderless and permissionless ecosystem democratising a kind of access that probably didn’t exist earlier. There is an interesting world that will emerge from here on. As we went down the rabbit hole of all of this, we started developing a conviction that the future of financial services and property rights will be built on top of NFTs and DeFi. However, we also realised that while the technology is extremely exciting, the consumer experience requires a lot of work to make it more accessible. This is what we are trying to achieve with . Please do check out and sign up for early access. Brew References https://rarible.com/collection/0xc691a078f0345e11e325f195b002e0f84dee43bd TechCrunch Founder's Apartment to Be Sold as NFT NFT Trading Volumes across different marketplaces Axie Infinity Users Uniswap Stats Crypto Exchanges Rankings

The Lay of the Cryptoland - Part II: NFTs, P2E Games, and DeFi

A bit of background 2021 has been an eventful year for cryptocurrencies. Bitcoin’s price breached $60,000 in April from around $7,000 where it was in April 2020. , the largest cryptocurrency exchange in the United States listed on NASDAQ around the same time and for some time had a market cap higher than $100 Billion. A few months later, El Salvador, a country in Central America with a population of 6.8 million people, that had been using US Dollars as its official currency, passed legislation making Bitcoin a legal tender. Coinbase I bought my first Bitcoin few years back, more out of curiosity than anything else. Since then, I had followed cryptocurrencies passively from the sidelines. But as this multitude of events unfolded in 2021, I couldn’t resist taking a deeper look. While there is a lot of noise about the prices of cryptocurrencies in media and Twitterverse, the one statistic that stood out for me was the number of crypto users which had surpassed 100 Million. I was surprised. And what was more surprising is that it was growing almost 100% Year on Year. You could see the parallels between the growth of the internet and smartphones with that of cryptocurrency. How it began Back in 2008, the world was grappling with the Subprime Crisis. Bear Stearns, one of the largest securities firms was sold to JP Morgan in March 2008. A few months later in September, within a span of a week, the Federal takeover of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac happened, Merril Lynch got sold to Bank of America, and Lehman Brothers collapsed. The IMF estimated that US and European banks lost over $1 Trillion on bad assets and loans. Regular people lost their retirement savings and millions were unemployed. It was amidst the global financial crisis, Bitcoin was born. On October 31, 2008, a pseudonymous person with the name shared a link to a paper on a cryptography mailing list. The paper was titled The first Bitcoin block was mined on January 3, 2009. Embedded in the first block was a message Satoshi Nakamoto Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System. The Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks A world of coins Soon after Bitcoin new coins started emerging. Ethereum, which is presently the second-largest cryptocurrency in terms of market cap, launched in 2015. Where Bitcoin was built primarily as a decentralized currency, Etherium aimed to be a platform for decentralized applications. This ushered an era of innovation that was hard to imagine in the early days of Bitcoin. There are 5821 coins listed on Coinmarketcap as of now. To call all of them, cryptocurrencies will not be accurate as there are coins with specific utilities other than being a currency. The lines can be a bit blurry though at times. Currencies Having launched in 2009, Bitcoin is the first decentralized cryptocurrency. Hal Finney, a Computer Scientist, was the first receiver of a bitcoin transaction. In December 2020 the number of daily transactions reached 330,000. by its design can process about 4-5 transactions per second. The transaction throughput is decided by the block size and the block creation time. One of the earliest altcoins, was a source code fork that had lower block creation time. Bitcoin Litecoin The block size had been a point of debate for the Bitcoin developer community which saw multiple forks happening in the blockchain in 2017. , , and ( ) were born out of these forks. However, the forks could not displace Bitcoin, which continues to be the most well-known and adopted cryptocurrency. Lightning Network, a Layer 2 payment protocol has been gaining traction rapidly. It is expected to support millions of transactions per second. Bitcoin Cash Bitcoin Gold Bitcoin SV forked from Bitcoin Cash Cryptocurrencies are a new asset class and extremely volatile. For instance, Bitcoin which peaked in April 2021 at $63000 is presently (August 2021) at $42000. Price fluctuations of 10% or higher over a day are not rare. are cryptocurrencies that are typically pegged to a fiat currency. People use Stablecoins as a medium to buy cryptocurrencies but also as a bridge to access services and assets on blockchains that they couldn’t through fiat currencies. is the largest stablecoin with over $60 Billion of coins in circulation. It is followed by which has over $20 Billion in circulation. Both USDC and Tether are fiat-backed and claim to be holding reserves in fiat currencies to back the peg. Stablecoins Tether USDC Over last few years serious questions have been raised over the validity of these backings for Tether. is another stablecoin created by the Maker Dao Foundation. DAI uses automated smart contracts to give out loans in DAI against over-collateralized crypto assets and maintains its peg against the dollar by controlling the assets, the interest rates, and collateralization ratios. DAI There are a few other coins that attempt to improve cryptocurrencies on different dimensions. focused on faster transactions at lower cost and has demonstrated 1000-1200 transactions per second on its beta network. focused on enhanced privacy features and complete anonymity in transactions despite having a public ledger. Nano Monero Smart Contract Platforms In late 2013, a young Canadian programmer of Russian origin published a whitepaper about a general-purpose blockchain called Ethereum. His vision was to create a platform that enables secure decentralized applications to extend the utility of blockchains beyond money. Vitalik Buterin is the second-largest cryptocurrency after Bitcoin with a market cap of $287 Billion. But the more interesting stat is that owning to its richer ecosystem, over a million transactions happened per day in July 2021 on Ethereum. New currencies, new kinds of decentralized organizations, exchanges, and derivatives markets have been built over Ethereum. Ether Charles Hoskinson, one of the co-founders of Ethereum started . It launched in 2017 although the smart contract capability is expected to launch sometime later this year in 2021. is another smart contract platform developed by Gavin Wood, one of the co-founders of Ethereum. More than the technical differences, what stands out is how these three projects with shared history operate. Cardano has taken an approach akin to Academic Research where each proposal is peer-reviewed and goes through a lot of rigor before getting implemented. This translates into longer development cycles. Polkadot differs in terms of governance where all of its governance is on-chain. The proposals go through voting systems and the one with majority votes is accepted. Cardano Polkadot While Polkadot and Cardano are still getting started in terms of becoming a smart contract platform, , one of the largest crypto exchanges launched Binance Smart Chain (BSC) in 2020 and has grown rapidly in adoption. Binance surpassed Ethereum in the number of transactions on February 2021 and is presently doing almost five times the transaction volumes on Ethereum. This was largely driven by interoperability with Ethereum Applications and much lower gas fees. A fundamental way in which BSC differs from Ethereum is that it follows a semi-decentralized model. The top 21 holders of Binance Coins act as validators of the transactions. This is in contrast with Ethereum which has more than 6000 validators. Binance Governance Tokens Governance Tokens allow you to participate in the governance of different decentralized applications. You can use your tokens to cast vote on changes being proposed in these protocols. Otherwise, you can delegate your tokens to someone who can represent you in these discussions. For instance, Maker Dao, the foundation behind the stable coin DAI, issued a token on Ethereum ( ) called MKR that allows you governance rights. There are 1 Million MKR issued. These tokens don’t pay dividends. MKR token acts as an incentive mechanism for ensuring DAI is pegged at a dollar value. such tokens are called ERC-20 tokens ystem. - MakerDAO launched with 1,000,000 MKR tokens at its inception. The tokens are created and destroyed under different circumstances. MKR is destroyed when the Maker Protocol’s system surplus exceeds a minimum threshold, resulting in excess Dai being auctioned for MKR that is then destroyed. Inversely, when the Maker Protocol is running a deficit and the system debt exceeds a maximum threshold, MKR is created and auctioned for Dai in order to recapitalize the s Maker Dao Utility Coins Utility coins or tokens are primarily used as an incentive mechanism for a specific use case. For instance, is a distributed and decentralized storage service where the token is used as an incentive for the storage miners to store the data of clients. Coin acts as a backing for digital gaming assets created on its platform. The process is reversible and the assets can be melted back into the coin. is a Layer 2 Scaling Solution for Ethereum. It supports faster and cheaper transactions while still maintaining Ethereum as the final settlement layer. MATIC is the native token for Polygon and is used as a medium for payment of services on Polygon Network. If there is a decentralized app on Ethereum you are interested in trying out, you will find it cheaper to give it a go on Polygon than do it directly on Ethereum. filecoin Enjin Polygon Meme Coins No conversation on cryptocurrency is complete without mentioning Meme Coins. Meme Coins emerged as a phenomenon in the last few years with being the most prominent one. Dogecoin Dogecoin started as a joke with the source code forked from Bitcoin. For a while, it didn’t have any active development happening. The distinct thing about Dogecoin was the face of a Shiba Inu dog on its logo. For whatever reason, sometime in early 2021 Elon Musk started tweeting about Dogecoin which rose a frenzy. Its prices grew from a mere 5 cents to almost 68 cents during a Saturday Night Live show hosted by Elon Musk where he gifted a Dogecoin to his mom. While its prices have since crashed, Dogecoin played its role in history in a strange way by growing the awareness of cryptocurrencies. Acquiring and storing cryptocurrencies There are multiple ways of acquiring cryptocurrencies. The simplest being buying them on exchanges such as or . There are over 300 exchanges listed on and you should do your due diligence to identify which one works best for you. A few aspects you should look into while selecting an exchange are the reputation of the exchange, the liquidity in the exchange, and the number of assets listed on it. Coinbase Binance coinmarketcap The other way you can earn cryptocurrencies is by using programs such as , , and that will pay you in cryptocurrencies for finishing learning assignments on their platforms. If you are really want to get into the weeds, you can build a mining setup to earn. Miners act as validators of the transactions on the blockchain and in exchange for this service they get paid in the cryptocurrency native to the blockchain. Coinbase Earn 1729 Coinmarketcap Earn If you are buying cryptocurrency from an exchange, one way to store the currency is on the exchange itself. But in some way, it defeats the purpose of cryptocurrencies which are supposed to be decentralized. When you hold the currency on an exchange, it is the exchange that has the custody of your holdings. Your account can get frozen. Or worse the exchange can get hacked and you can lose your money. The most infamous being that of Mt Gox which at one time was handling 70% of bitcoin trades. Not your keys, not your coins. A popular crypto saying. Today’s exchanges are probably more secure. Still, if you have a sizeable amount of crypto assets built up, you should set yourself a wallet and transfer it there. A wallet essentially stores the public key and the private key. The private key is used to access the fund and transfer them. In Bitcoin, the private key is 256 bits number i.e. a number with 78 digits. The public key is 256 bits too and the wallet address is a hash of the public key. Since the private key is not human readable, most wallets use a set of 12 or 24 words called seed phrase to generate the key. In case your device crashes, you can use the seed phrase to access your funds. Sample Bitcoin Private Key Hexadecimal Representation E9873D79C6D87DC0FB6A5778633389F4453213303DA61F20BD67FC233AA33262 Decimal Representation 105627842363267744400190144423808258002852957479547731009248450467191 077417570 Sample Bitcoin Address 1BoatSLRHtKNngkdXEeobR76b53LETtpyT Please don’t use the above key and address for any transactions. Here is an interesting detail. When you create an address for yourself, the address details remain on your device or software unless you share it. There is no registration event involved. The blockchain only maintains the transactions getting debited and credited between different addresses. Technically, you can create an address completely offline. This does present the error possibility where people send crypto to an incorrect address and unlike email, here all addresses even the ones that were never seen before are valid. Cryptocurrency Wallets come in different flavors. You have Hardware Wallets that store the public key and private key in a secure device. Hardware Wallets are the most secure of storing your cryptocurrencies. However, they are expensive and might be an overkill unless you are holding a large amount of crypto. Trezor and Ledger are some of the well known hardware wallets. Then you have Software wallets that are mobile apps, desktop app and even chrome apps. Metamask, Exodus, Trust, and Coinbase some of the well known crypto wallets. While choosing a wallet, a few things that you should be looking at are its reputation, security, and the cryptocurrencies that it supports. Coinbase Wallet is a different application than the exchange. Most cryptocurrency owners still hold their assets on the exchanges. This is reflected in the fact that popular cryptocurrency wallets have anywhere between 10 to 20 Million Installed userbase as of now. However, a vibrant ecosystem of decentralised applications is getting built that provides interesting ways of using your cryptocurrencies. As the adoption of such application increases, wallets will play a critical role as they will be the gateway to access and utilise them. These are still early days of cryptocurrencies and decentralised applications. It is a highly debated field and opinions range from that cryptocurrencies will change how we live our lives to that it is an anarchic phenomenon. But what started as a niche technology used by geeks is slowly signs of going mainstream. And what no one can dispute is how interesting the technology is. Irrespective of where you stand, you should explore the space and know on your own. There is a high chance, the world will look very different from how it is in next ten years. This was meant to be a single post but as I kept writing, I realised there is too much content to cover. The next post will cover interesting applications that are getting built in this space. If you found this post interesting, please do checkout . We’re building something that simplifies access to Decentralized Finance and earn higher yield on your money. Brew References The Bitcoin Whitepaper - https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf BBC Article on El Salvador declaring Bitcoin as legal tender https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-57398274#:\~:text=El Salvador has become the, possible votes on Tuesday night.&text=Bitcoin will become legal tender, US dollar%2C in 90 days. research on crypto users Crypto.com https://assets.ctfassets.net/hfgyig42jimx/5u8QqK4lqjEgL506mOx4m3/d44d8e204aecfc75a839e2a9d505f5d1/Crypto.com_Data_Report_-_On-chain_Market_Sizing.pdf Statista Global Cryptocurrency Users https://www.statista.com/statistics/1202503/global-cryptocurrency-user-base/ Subprime Crisis Bank Losses https://www.reuters.com/article/banks-writedowns-losses-idCNL554155620091105 Satoshi’s mail introducing Bitcoin - https://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2008-October/014810.html Questions on Tether Dollar Backing https://finance.yahoo.com/news/tether-controversies-seem-never-ending-084512532.html#:\~:text=In 2018%2C Tether failed to,record high of roughly %2420%2C000. Crypto School #tech https://a16z.com/crypto-startup-school/?video=12 Daily Bitcoin Transactions https://www.statista.com/statistics/730806/daily-number-of-bitcoin-transactions/ Daily Ether Transactions https://www.statista.com/statistics/730806/daily-number-of-bitcoin-transactions/ A Deep Dive of Filecoin https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-decentralized-storage-a-deep-dive-by-filecoin How to mine bitcoin - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mBStK_vj6j4

The Lay of the Cryptoland - Part I: Coins, Wallets, and Exchanges

Time Blocking, Color-Coding, Batching, and Calendar Audits Calendars had been there with us for thousands of years now. The first recorded calendar being the Babylonian calendar consisting of 12 Lunar Months starting when a crescent moon was sighted on the western horizon at sunset. With the advent of computers, calendaring software came into usage that enabled users to view their schedules and book meetings with other people. The term itself is taken from the , the term for the first day of the month in the Roman calendar, related to the verb “to call out”, referring to the calling or the announcement that the new moon was just seen. — calendar calends calare Wikipedia In the 1960s, a typical executive spent around 10 hours doing meetings. Since then, as the complexity of organizations and the nature of work we do has increased, we now spend about 23 hours a week doing meetings.¹ Post COVID, this has grown further and research states that people now attend 13% more meetings.² More than ever, we are now living in times where our days are governed by what is there on our calendar. And at times, this can be overwhelming. However, there are four techniques that can help your reclaim your control over your time. Time Blocking A lot of us maintain a to-do list, be it on an offline notebook or an online tool such as Asana, Google Keep, or Todoist. Time Blocking takes this a step further and you actually block time on your calendar to do specific tasks. Benjamin Franklin is one of the early practitioners of Time Blocking. Time Blocking helps and you’re not spending all your time reacting to inbound requests. It also helps you prioritize as you get a realistic view of how much you can get done in a day. A secondary benefit is that it of figuring out what you should be working on next as you have a plan in place. ensure you have time left to go through your planned to-do items reduces the cognitive load The way I go about time blocking is every Monday, start of the day, I list down my top three priorities and then block time for the tasks against them in the week. I do consciously leave out open time slots for flexibility and serendipity. Color-coding Color coding involves assigning colors to your calendar events based on priority, projects, or the kind of activities they are. A color-coded calendar . A regular calendar treats all events as the same. Whereas in the real world, a time block for an interview might require a completely different energy level and mindset as opposed to a time block for an executive review. helps you understand how your week looks like Batching Batching is a productivity technique in which you club together similar activities to reduce the context switching overhead. You can bucket your tasks as per projects you are working on, people you will be spending time with, or the nature of the activities such as is it a a time to write do code reviews or write product specs. You can extend the system to batch similar meetings too, wherever possible. Review session, a 1–on-1 with a report, or A variation of batching is having themes for your days and focus your tasks and meetings around the designated theme. Twitter and Square’s CEO Jack Dorsey³ is one of the well-known practitioners of theming Calendar Audits Calendar Audits between how you perceive you spend your time viz-a-viz how you actually spent your time. uncover the gap You can run audits on multiple dimensions such as projects, people, and types of activities. Think of Calendar Audits as a feedback loop for your weekly planning activity. A few questions that calendar audits provide an answer to are: As a Product Manager are you spending enough time with your customers? As a People Manager are you doing enough to grow your team? Are you spending enough time on your highest priority initiatives? Are you spending your time on high-leverage activities? Is your schedule balanced and optimized for your role? Calendars help people find a common time to meet, discuss, and get work done. However, calendars have not evolved to understand the context of a person’s role and responsibilities. This means that it ends up treating every person and every open time slot as the same. With these four techniques, you can take back control of your time and design a schedule that is optimized for your goals and priorities. We're working on a side project called Mornin to simplify how people can go about applying these four techniques on Google Calendar. Do give it a spin and let us know what you think. References https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylonian_calendar https://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/you-re-right-you-are-working-longer-and-attending-more-meetings https://www.forbes.com/sites/kevinkruse/2015/10/12/jack-dorsey-productivity-secret/?sh=63e73b73136a

4 Calendar Techniques To Boost Your Productivity

**LONDON, United Kingdom, July 2nd, 2024/Chainwire/--**Web3 data platform Archisinal has announced a collaboration with the Innovation and Artificial Intelligence Lab (UBA IALAB) of the University of Buenos Aires. The entities have partnered to develop a Polkadot-based project that will revamp the UBA law facilities. Archisinal will work with UBA’s Web3, Blockchain & IA Lab to apply blockchain technology to design and urbanism. Students, architects, and members of the academic community who wish to be part of the project are invited to participate in a contest to transform the faculty’s Hearing Room into a smart classroom. Through its blockchain platform, Archisinal will leverage Polkadot’s blockchain framework and oversee the contest. It will determine the steps required to execute the work and conduct the project with the aid of collective financing delivered using blockchain. The project will serve as a pilot for Archisinal to validate the value behind its project, allowing it to prove its MVP in a university and collaborative environment. The initiative provides an exemplary use case for blockchain’s application within the academic sector. It will drive and promote community aid within Buenos Aires while contributing to the maintenance and refurbishment of public infrastructure. The University of Buenos Aires has already begun exploring the benefits of applied blockchain technology through its Web3, Blockchain & AI Lab. Archisinal, which is deeply rooted in the Polkadot ecosystem, will build upon this foundation and identify new applications for blockchain technology at UBA. In January 2023, UBA IALAB, together with adLIB! and its Director Marina Marchesotti, established a partnership with Polkadot Blockchain Academy. This academic proposal, created by Dr. Gavin Wood, held its second edition at the UBA Faculty of Law. The partnership with Polkadot Blockchain Academy has brought numerous benefits to the academic and Polkadot communities through their continuous and close collaboration. Archisinal’s collaboration with UBA will provide the impetus for a number of future university initiatives that are in the pipeline. Recent winners of a scholarship program from Decentralized Futures of the Web3 Foundation, Archisinal have won three hackathons in 2024. The partnership between UBA IALAB and Archisinal will serve as a case study for blockchain implementation, aiding academic research and developing future industry leaders. In the process, it will add value to law students by creating a technological and innovative space at one of Argentina’s leading educational institutions. About Archisinal Archisinal is a pioneer in interactions with real-world assets in the built environment. Through leveraging blockchain and AI, Archisinal eliminates the need for trust by democratizing data. Archisinal enables developers and collaborating parties to easily monitor and interact with Real-World Assets (RWAs) with full transparency, aiding accountability, transparency and dispute resolution. Learn more: https://www.archisinal.io/ About University of Buenos Aires The University of Buenos Aires is a public research university situated in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Established in 1821, it has educated 17 Argentine presidents, produced four of the country's five Nobel Prize laureates, and is responsible for around 40% of the country's research output. Learn more: https://www.uba.ar/ Contact Founder Thomas Humber Archisinal tom@archisinal.io This story was distributed as a release by Chainwire under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here. **LONDON, United Kingdom, July 2nd, 2024/Chainwire/--**Web3 data platform Archisinal has announced a collaboration with the Innovation and Artificial Intelligence Lab (UBA IALAB) of the University of Buenos Aires. The entities have partnered to develop a Polkadot-based project that will revamp the UBA law facilities. Archisinal will work with UBA’s Web3, Blockchain & IA Lab to apply blockchain technology to design and urbanism. Students, architects, and members of the academic community who wish to be part of the project are invited to participate in a contest to transform the faculty’s Hearing Room into a smart classroom. Through its blockchain platform, Archisinal will leverage Polkadot’s blockchain framework and oversee the contest. It will determine the steps required to execute the work and conduct the project with the aid of collective financing delivered using blockchain. The project will serve as a pilot for Archisinal to validate the value behind its project, allowing it to prove its MVP in a university and collaborative environment. The initiative provides an exemplary use case for blockchain’s application within the academic sector. It will drive and promote community aid within Buenos Aires while contributing to the maintenance and refurbishment of public infrastructure. The University of Buenos Aires has already begun exploring the benefits of applied blockchain technology through its Web3, Blockchain & AI Lab. Archisinal, which is deeply rooted in the Polkadot ecosystem, will build upon this foundation and identify new applications for blockchain technology at UBA. In January 2023, UBA IALAB, together with adLIB! and its Director Marina Marchesotti, established a partnership with Polkadot Blockchain Academy. This academic proposal, created by Dr. Gavin Wood, held its second edition at the UBA Faculty of Law. The partnership with Polkadot Blockchain Academy has brought numerous benefits to the academic and Polkadot communities through their continuous and close collaboration. Archisinal’s collaboration with UBA will provide the impetus for a number of future university initiatives that are in the pipeline. Recent winners of a scholarship program from Decentralized Futures of the Web3 Foundation, Archisinal have won three hackathons in 2024. The partnership between UBA IALAB and Archisinal will serve as a case study for blockchain implementation, aiding academic research and developing future industry leaders. In the process, it will add value to law students by creating a technological and innovative space at one of Argentina’s leading educational institutions. About Archisinal Archisinal is a pioneer in interactions with real-world assets in the built environment. Through leveraging blockchain and AI, Archisinal eliminates the need for trust by democratizing data. Archisinal enables developers and collaborating parties to easily monitor and interact with Real-World Assets (RWAs) with full transparency, aiding accountability, transparency and dispute resolution. Learn more: https://www.archisinal.io/ https://www.archisinal.io/ https://www.archisinal.io/ About University of Buenos Aires The University of Buenos Aires is a public research university situated in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Established in 1821, it has educated 17 Argentine presidents, produced four of the country's five Nobel Prize laureates, and is responsible for around 40% of the country's research output. Learn more: https://www.uba.ar/ https://www.uba.ar/ https://www.uba.ar/ Contact Founder Thomas Humber Archisinal tom@archisinal.io This story was distributed as a release by Chainwire under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here. This story was distributed as a release by Chainwire under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here . here here

University of Buenos Aires And Archisinal Partner To Revamp UBA Law Facilities Using Polkadot

THE ELECTRIC ARCS

In 2021, hosted the first-ever awards!! HackerNoon Startup of the Year The goal of this campaign was to give recognition to the hardworking startups who pulled through the pandemic -- growing and thriving (despite all of the challenges). More than 44,000 startups were nominated all across the globe! They were selected from over 4,553 cities, with a total number of * cough * “4 billion” votes. Insane, right? To see who is a winner in each respective city, visit and pick a city. The name at the top of the list is the winner. (Compromised awards are under review. Cities with tie votes will be updated to have two winners!) startups.hackernoon.com The will announce the winners per region in their respective cities. Startups Winners Announcement series Here are the winners in the : Asia region Top Startup Cities in East Asia Seoul The Startup of the Year in is with 377 votes! Seoul dable Central is the Startup of the Year! It came out ahead with 121 votes. 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Tachikawa PlusOne Takamatsu In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Takamatsu Ken Robotec Tokushima In , is the winner! Tokushima DennoKotsu Toyonaka In , the Startup of the Year is . Toyonaka FISH BIOTECH Tsukuba In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Tsukuba WARPSPACE Wakayama In , the Startup of the Year is . Wakayama 4D Sensor Xiangzhou In , is the winner! Xiangzhou ALLiN Edutech Group Xianyang The winner in is . Xianyang TONLY Xiaoshan In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Xiaoshan GONGHUI Yamaguchi In , the Startup of the Year is . Yamaguchi Archis Yangpu The winner in is . Yangpu Tmxmall Yau Tsim Mong In , is the winner! Yau Tsim Mong Airnugget Yeoksamdong In , the Startup of the Year is . Yeoksamdong WizSchool Yichang In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Yichang Hubei Kento Electronic Yokohama In , is the winner! Yokohama Next Innovation Yubei In , the Startup of the Year is . Yubei Ophiux Network Yueqing The winner in is . Yueqing Yueqing Easythink Media Zhuhai In , is the winner! Zhuhai Aijuba Hongo In , the Startup of the Year is . Hongo Smile Robotics, Inc Admiralty In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Admiralty BUNCH Southern In , the Startup of the Year is . Southern Retykle Yongdungpo In , is the winner! Yongdungpo Push News Taichung In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Taichung Wondercise Cyberport, Hong Kong In , the Startup of the Year is . Cyberport Animoca Brands Hefei, China In , is the winner! Hefei Tsinglink New Territories, Hong Kong The winner in is . New Territories, Hong Kong Zeek Dezhou In , the Startup of the Year is . Dezhou Dezhou Baji Kitakyushu In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Kitakyushu Reif Seongnam In , is the winner! Seongnam EOFlow Yanshi In , the Startup of the Year is . Yanshi CASI Vision Top Startup Cities in South Asia Hyderabad, India The Startup of the Year in is with 962 votes Hyderabad Quixy Lahore, Pakistan is the Startup of the Year! It came out ahead with 186 votes. SmartWindows Lahore Bangalore, India When it comes to , is the Startup of the Year with 210 votes! Bangalore vBridge Hub Pune, India couldn’t be beaten for Startup of the Year in , it won with 129 votes! InfraCloud Pune Jaipur, India The Startup of the Year in is with 166 votes Jaipur Emizen Tech Lucknow, India is the Startup of the Year! It came out ahead with 279 votes. Keeros Superfoods Lucknow Noida, India came out as the Startup of the Year in with 156 votes! Bagisto Noida Mumbai, India When it comes to , is the Startup of the Year with 96 votes! Mumbai Sequretek Sylhet couldn’t be beaten for Startup of the Year in , it won with 122 votes! DataXpie Sylhet Mylapore, India In , is the winner! Mylapore Yalimart Goa, India In , the Startup of the Year is Goa Filter Coffee Delhi, India In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Delhi EkAnek Networks Karachi, Pakistan The winner in is Karachi Bykea Ahmedabad, India In , is the winner Ahmedabad MageComp Dhaka, Bangladesh The winner in is Dhaka SOLshare Islamabad, Pakistan In Islamabad, is declared the Startup of the Year! TAG Gurgaon, India In , the Startup of the Year is Gurgaon ixigo Bengaluru, India In , is the winner! Bengaluru Prakshep Private Limited Haryana, India couldn’t be beaten for Startup of the Year in ! Footprints Childcare Haryana Kolkata, India In , is the winner! Kolkata Wow! Momo New Delhi, India In , is declared the Startup of the Year! New Delhi Rusk Media Indore, India The winner in is Indore Chattar Patar Kormangala In , is the winner Kormangala Sanctum Technologies Ghaziabad came out as the Startup of the Year in Craftfurnish.com Ghaziabad! Mohali In , the Startup of the Year is Mohali DataKund Mysore The Startup of the Year in is Mysore Excelsoft Karnal came out as the Startup of the Year in ! Dunar Karnal Kolhapur In , is the winner! Kolhapur Zanvar Group Patiya In , the Startup of the Year is Patiya Kloud Project Kathmandu In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Kathmandu Vairav Technology Bangalore City, India In is the winner! Bangalore City, PagarBook Ernakulam The winner in is Ernakulam Epixel Solutions Colombo, Sri Lanka couldn’t be beaten for Startup in the Year in MAs Foods Colombo Andheri, India When it comes to , is the Startup of the Year! Andheri DoorMint Kanpur, India came out as the Startup of the Year in ! ServiceWalaa Kanpur Faisalabad In , is the winner! Faisalabad DigiKhata Nasik The Startup of the Year in is Nasik Sahyadri Farms Patna came out as the Startup of the Year in ! Asvin Tech Patna Chennai, India In , is the winner! Chennai Agnikul Cosmos Faridabad, India In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Faridabad UClean Panjim, India The winner in is Panjim TempoGO Ranchi, India In , is the winner Ranchi Osam Dairy Surat, India In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Surat Wishbook Thane, India In , is the winner! Thane Delight Foods Trivandrum, India came out as the Startup of the Year in ! GenRobotic Trivandrum Vijayawada, India In , the Startup of the Year is Vijayawada Eruvaka Technologies Visakhapatnam, India In , Ltd is declared the Startup of the Year! Visakhapatnam Greenline Labs Pvt Ahmadabad In , is the winner! Ahmadabad KiwiQA Services Bandra came out as the Startup of the Year in ! Car Club Bandra Bombay In , is the winner! Bombay Locobuddy Mobile Technology (Sportobuddy) Cochin In , the Startup of the Year is Cochin Tuttifrutti Interactive Gandhinagar In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Gandhinagar Kroop AI Guwahati In , the Startup of the Year is Guwahati GNRC Hospitals Jamshedpur In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Jamshedpur Intelliber Kabul The winner in is Kabul Miracle Shop (Vocinno Technology) Karur In , is the winner Karur Karur Vysya Bank Kochi The winner in is Kochi BestDoc Kozhikode In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Kozhikode OfficeKit HR Ludhiana In , the Startup of the Year is Ludhiana Trendy Beat Network Madhapur In , is the winner! Madhapur Head Digital Works Mangalore When it comes to , is the Startup of the Year Mangalore Hangyo Nagpur came out as the Startup of the Year in ! UPrudence Agro Nagpur Rawalpindi The Startup of the Year in is Rawalpindi Pro Options Marketing Rishikesh came out as the Startup of the Year in ! Descatuk Rishikesh Secunderabad couldn’t be beaten for Startup of the Year in Prakriti Biosystems Engineering Secunderabad Tirupur In , is the winner! Tirupur Tubeknit Fashions Udupi The winner in is Udupi Krishitantra Top Startup Cities in Southeast Asia Singapore, Singapore The Startup of the Year in is with 6556 votes! Singapore Cake DeFi Hanoi, Vietnam is the Startup of the Year! It came out ahead with 683 votes. DeFi For You Hanoi Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia came out as the Startup of the Year in with 109 votes! Trambellir Kuala Lumpur Pasig, Philippines When it comes to , . is the Startup of the Year with 110 votes! Pasig Quickreach Inc Bangkok, Thailand couldn’t be beaten for Startup in the Year in , it won with 60 votes! Perception Codes Bangkok Johor Bahru In , the Startup of the Year is . Johor Bahru AGR1 Bandung, Indonesia In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Bandung Prosa Portugal The winner in is . Portugal SCEMAI Tangerang, Indonesia In , is the winner Tangerang Yummy Corp Jakarta, Indonesia In , is the winner! Jakarta Tokocrypto Dki Jakarta, Indonesia In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Dki Jakarta Limakilo Bangkok Metropolis In , is the winner! Bangkok Meticuly Medan The winner in is ! Medan DIKA Manila, Philippines In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Manila PawnHero Phnom Penh, Cambodia In , the Startup of the Year is Phnom Penh vKirirom Bali In , is the winner! Bali Radius App Penang When it comes to , is the Startup of the Year Penang EasyParcel Surabaya came out as the Startup of the Year in ! Super Surabaya Setiabudi, Indonesia The Startup of the Year in is Setiabudi Chilibeli Cebu City came out as the Startup of the Year in MiCab Cebu City! Jawa couldn’t be beaten for Startup in the Year in DAUR Jawa Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam In , is the winner! Ho Chi Minh City Pharmacity Selangor, Malaysia is the Startup of the Year! BabyDash Selangor Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia In , is the winner! Jakarta Pusat StickEarn Semarang When it comes to , is the Startup of the Year! Semarang Food Bear Petaling Jaya, Malaysia The winner in is . Petaling Jaya Deemples Kebayoran Baru, Indonesia couldn’t be beaten for Startup in the Year in ! Yogrt Kebayoran Baru Kuningan The winner in is . Kuningan Prinzio Bukit Merah came out as the Startup of the Year in ! DC Alliance Bukit Merah Huai Khwang In , the Startup of the Year is . Huai Khwang AppMan Co.,Ltd Kuta In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Kuta Gringgo Mandaluyong came out ahead as the Startup of the Year! Work Inspire Mandaluyong Midview City In , is the winner! Midview City BioMers Phuket The Startup of the Year in is ! Phuket Sapahn Yangon, Myanmar The winner in is . Yangon Wave Money Denpasar When it comes to , is the Startup of the Year! Denpasar Revasi Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand The winner in is . Nakhon Ratchasima Siam Lottery co., Ltd Taguig, Philippines In , is the winner! Taguig PayMongo Bogor came out as the Startup of the Year in ! TIRANYX Bogor Senai, Malaysia won as the Startup of the Year. Nutrition Technologies Senai Bekasi Kota couldn’t be beaten for Startup in the Year in ! 8villages Bekasi Kota Top Startup Cities in Middle East Tel Aviv, Israel The Startup of the Year in is with 1,065 votes! Tel Aviv hyro Beirut, Lebanon is the Startup of the Year! It came out ahead with 1,276 votes. Hovi Digital Lab Beirut Riyadh, Saudi Arabia With 350 votes, came out as the Startup of the Year in ! Flicron Riyadh Tel Aviv-yafo, Israel When it comes to , is the Startup of the Year with 167 votes! Tel Aviv-yafo Cymbio Haifa, Israel couldn’t be beaten for Startup in the Year in , it won with 183 votes! Pico Haifa Amman, Jordan In , with 141 votes, is the winner! Amman Edexy Dubai, United Arab Emirates In , the Startup of the Year is with 74 votes. Dubai Ziina Doha, Qatar In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Doha SkipCash Tehran, Iran The winner in is . BeyondBoard AR Tehran Jerusalem, Israel In , is the winner! Jerusalem SolidBlock Rishon Le Zion The Startup of the Year in is ! Rishon Le Zion Passparto Ness Ziona, Israel is the Startup of the Year! Soapy Ness Ziona Kuwait, Kuwait came out as the Startup of the Year in ! Brapper Shop Kuwait Manama, Bahrain couldn’t be beaten for Startup in the Year in ! Doctori Manama Lod, Israel is the winner in ! Phinergy Lod Agudat Israel, Israel When it comes to is the Startup of the Year with [vote ] votes! Agudat Israel, Aqaurius Engines Beersheba, Israel In , the Startup of the Year is . Beersheba Visual Estate Ltd Giv'atayim, Israel In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Giv'atayim WSC Sports Modi'in, Israel The winner in is . Modi'in Loginno Nazareth, Israel In , is the winner! Nazareth AR Guide In Medical Ramat Gan, Israel The Startup of the Year in is . Ramat Gan Datos Health Baghdad When it comes to , is the Startup of the Year! Baghdad Mishwar Khobar In , the Startup of the Year is . Khobar Garage Misgav couldn’t be beaten for Startup in the Year in ! Eden Shield Misgav Sharjah came out as the Startup of the Year in ! Bookends Sharjah Affula In , the Startup of the Year is . Affula eMotion Technologies Bene Beraq, Israel In , is the winner Bene Beraq Reflectiz Caesarea, Israel In , the Startup of the Year is . Caesarea CardiacSense Dubayy In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Dubayy North Ladder Muscat couldn’t be beaten for Startup in the Year in ! iLab Marine Muscat Tirat Carmel In , the Startup of the Year is . Tirat Carmel PassCall Advanced Technologies Hod Hasharon, Israel The winner in is . Hod Hasharon Idomoo Holon, Israel came out ahead as the Startup of the Year! OptimalPlus Holon Jeddah, Saudi Arabia When it comes to , is the Startup of the Year! Jeddah Arabian Combustion Technologies Ramat Hasharon, Israel is the Startup of the Year! Lumen Ramat Hasharon Al Khobar came out as the Startup of the Year in ! Swyft Al Khobar Bet Shemesh In , is the winner! Bet Shemesh Degania Medical Binyamina When it comes to , is the Startup of the Year! Binyamina OncoHost Makkah In , the Startup of the Year is Makkah Scimagine Or Akiva Last but not least, couldn’t be beaten for Startup in the Year in the city of ! WMT Or Akiva More Information: If you’re a winner, please answer ! If you’re a reader, participant, just a curious individual, consider answering one of our interviews . this interview here Read the FAQs about or . Startups here here To see all of the winners you may visit , pick any city and view the name that appears at the top. this site If you’re interested in partnering with us, we invite you to look through some of these or reach out to our business department. unique sponsorship options Perhaps creating your very own tickles your fancy or maybe you have a whole new idea for how we can partner! writing contest Thank you to all of our sponsors! We truly appreciate your contribution to the tech world and thus the future! The Startups Awards are sponsored by: , , , , , , , , , , Blockster Brex FreeCodeCamp LaunchDarkly Coil Udacity Udemy Vercel Asia Pacific Transgender Network Bybit Everscale Network The post was written by Kushal Tamrakar and Valerie Ejegi, edited by Hang Ngo. If you have any questions or concerns or would like to report a discrepancy please email ellen@hackernoon.com.

Meet the Winners of Startups in Asia

It's official - the So far, we have received 260 stories and given prizes to 11 winners. As always, we got some superb decentralized internet stories in August. So here we are with more prizes for our writers. Decentralized Internet Writing Contest is a great success! Keep Those Amazing Stories Coming, Comrades! For newbies who want a little context - HackerNoon has built a partnership with giving away monthly prizes worth TON to the best HackerNoon decentralized internet stories! Free Ton 3,500 Here's how you can participate: on HackerNoon. Set up an account the . Check out Decentralized Internet Writing Competition's rules and submit it with as one of the tags. Pen your story #Decentralized-Internet So, who are the winners for the month of August? 👀 Let's find out. Top 15 Contenders for the Month of August First, we picked all the stories on HackerNoon, published in August 2021. As always, we chose the top 15 stories using an algorithm that gives weightage respectively to: tagged with #Decentralized-Internet 60:30:10 Number of hours read Number of people reached Freshness of the content Here is the list of our top 15 contenders: How To Stake ETH 2.0 Without Running a Node and 32 ETH Why YouTube’s biggest competition will come from decentralized video platforms by Banks Make Money Off you, Not for You - Unhashed #16 @musharraf by Future Expectations: What Will Affect Ethereum Price in 2021? @cryptoheisenberg by How Verifiable Creds, Decentralized Identifiers and Blockchain Work Together for a Safer Internet @Fluree by In Decentralized AI We Trust @mywaymywei by How Blockchain can Disrupt the Restaurant Industry @Ishan Pandey by The Cryptocurrency Industry Is The Next Basic Infrastructure of The Internet @johnnylyu by Miner Extractable Value (MEV): The Biggest Thorn in DeFi @Ingalandia by The Graph and Web3 Take On Google and Web2: The Impending Data Economy Wars @alexmexicotte Plookup — An Algorithm Widely Used in zkEVM by @sin7y by Top 5 Crypto + Bitcoin Podcasts @benjaminbateman by Avoid rug pulls, don’t get REKT, and DYOR; the degen’s definitive guide to DeFi @financevote by The Lay of the Cryptoland - Part I: Coins, Wallets, and Exchanges @archis by Lonero Needs the Hackernoon Community's Help @TheLoneroFoundation Human vs. Algorithm Voting. Yes, voting. To keep the selection process transparent and to make sure our algorithm is not abused or misused in any way, we have kept the human factor in the selection process. Our editors then voted for their favorite stories from the above list. Now let's announce the results. was the top choice of both algorithm and humans! How To Stake ETH 2.0 Without Running a Node and 32 ETH Congratulations for winning 2000 TON crystals! @sergey-baloyan Staking in Ethereum 2.0 is blocking ETH in a smart contract to participate in the network as a validator and receive a reward for confirming blocks. Staking became possible after the launch of a new version of the network on the Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus algorithm. This consensus algorithm is similar to well-known mining, but instead of using computational resources validators block coins in the wallet to run a special node. In second place, we have . Why YouTube’s biggest competition will come from decentralized video platforms Yay, you've won 1000 TON crystals @jeremykauffman Decentralized video platforms can put in place governance structures to deal with illegal content swiftly. But decentralized platforms will always seek to prioritize user choice, and not restrict content based on social or political beliefs. For a functioning democracy and progressing society, people must be free to exchange and debate ideas, even unpopular ones. All kinds of mainstream ideas, like evolution, heliocentrism, the treatment of ulcers, even democracy itself, were once fringe. Where would we be today if all once-uncommon ideas were immediately silenced? by has won the third position and 500 TON crystals In Decentralized AI We Trust @mywaymywei There are countless examples that central authorities have been overstepping their boundaries to favor themselves when using AI whether it’s using data without user consent or promoting a neutral platform with intentionally biased AI decisions. Imagine if these AI services could prove to you how and when your data is being used - a mechanism that a third party could verify these AI services. Every transaction and decision made by these AI services are transparent for audit and can not be altered. All winners are requested to contact and to claim their prizes. support@hackernoon.com hang@hackernoon.com All hail to decentralization💥. See ya next month! Note: Free TON has now rebranded as Everscale .

#Decentralized-Internet Writing Competition: August Results Announced!

Authors:
(1) Krzysztof Gogol, University of Zurich (gogol@ifi.uzh.ch);
(2) Johnnatan Messias, Matter Labs;
(3) Malte Schlosser, University of Zurich;
(4) Benjamin Kraner, University of Zurich;
(5) Claudio Tessone, University of Zurich. Authors: Authors: (1) Krzysztof Gogol, University of Zurich (gogol@ifi.uzh.ch); (2) Johnnatan Messias, Matter Labs; (3) Malte Schlosser, University of Zurich; (4) Benjamin Kraner, University of Zurich; (5) Claudio Tessone, University of Zurich. Table of Links Abstract and 1. Introduction Abstract and 1. Introduction Background
2.1 Layer-2 Blockchains
2.2 Project Mariana


Related Work and Contribution


System Architecture


Model
5.1 Automated Market Makers
5.2 Price Impact


Simulation
6.1 Data and Parameters
6.2 Results


Discussion


Conclusions, Acknowledgements, and References Background
2.1 Layer-2 Blockchains
2.2 Project Mariana Background 2.1 Layer-2 Blockchains 2.1 Layer-2 Blockchains 2.2 Project Mariana 2.2 Project Mariana Related Work and Contribution Related Work and Contribution Related Work and Contribution System Architecture System Architecture System Architecture Model
5.1 Automated Market Makers
5.2 Price Impact Model Model 5.1 Automated Market Makers 5.1 Automated Market Makers 5.2 Price Impact 5.2 Price Impact Simulation
6.1 Data and Parameters
6.2 Results Simulation 6.1 Data and Parameters 6.1 Data and Parameters 6.2 Results 6.2 Results Discussion Discussion Discussion Conclusions, Acknowledgements, and References Conclusions, Acknowledgements, and References Conclusions, Acknowledgements, and References Graphs and Tables Graphs and Tables Abstract. This paper proposes a novel multi-layer blockchain architecture for the cross-border trading of CBDCs. The permissioned layer-2, by relying on the public consensus of the underlying network, ensures the security and integrity of the transactions and interoperability with domestic CBDC implementations. Multiple Layer-3s operate various Automated Market Makers (AMMs) and compete with each other for the lowest costs. Simulations of trading costs are conducted based on historical FX rates to provide insights into the practical implications of the system, with Project Mariana as a benchmark. The study shows that a multi-layer and multi-AMM setup is more cost-efficient even with liquidity fragmentation than a single AMM. Abstract 1 Introduction The Bitcoin network, described in a whitepaper by the anonymous individual or group known as Satoshi Nakamoto, launched in 2008 [22]. The fundamental promise of this first cryptocurrency was to establish a peer-to-peer payment system that operates independently of traditional financial intermediaries. In 2014, Vitalik Buterin introduced Ethereum [10], the next-generation blockchain with a virtual machine capable of executing computer programs known as smart contracts. With Ethereum and the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), Decentralized Finance (DeFi) was born. By utilizing smart contracts, DeFi offers sophisticated financial services, such as trading, lending, borrowing, derivatives and asset management [29], [25], [9], [18]. It quickly became apparent that this new blockchain-based financial system required non-volatile tokens, giving the advent to stablecoins—tokens with values pegged to fiat currencies. The success of stablecoins prompted central banks to explore similar solutions, leading to the development of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) [28]. While CBDCs do not necessarily have to be implemented on a blockchain, the decentralized approach promises enhanced scalability and security [4], [23], [13], [12]. Various central banks across the globe are already engaged in CBDC initiatives[4], [23], [5]. The collective effort explores ways to integrate these CBDCs into a unified marketplace, potentially transcending borders, as seen in Project Mariana by the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) [4]. This paper introduces a novel architectural framework for cross-border CBDC trading that is based on Layer-2 (L2) blockchain scaling. L2s proved to be an efficient approach for addressing the limitations of Ethereum, especially scalability and privacy [26], [32], [16]. The proposed system is the rollup (non-custodial L2), on the public L1 blockchain that seamlessly integrates additional Layer-3 (L3) blockchains, each operating decentralized exchanges (DEXes), or other DeFi protocols, utilizing CBDCs. The system automatically selects L3 and DEXes with optimal costs. This system architecture is compared to the approach of Project Mariana in a series of simulations based on the historical Foreign Exchange (FX) rates. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. available on arxiv available on arxiv

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